NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20180000824: Lean Enablers for Managing Lean Satellite Science and Technology Payload Missions PDF
Preview NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20180000824: Lean Enablers for Managing Lean Satellite Science and Technology Payload Missions
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OFFICE Lean Enablers for Managing Lean Satellite Science and Technology Payload Missions International Workshop on Lean Satellites Kitakyushu, Japan J Casas NASA MSFC January 22-25, 2018 1 Agenda • NASA management process for determining mission and science payload* risk classification • Examine the management implications of mission science risk classification • Typical challenges with implementing science payloads of varying risk classifications • The value of balancing our science and technology missions approach portfolio • Observations/suggestions going forward *-Science payload- Any airborne or space equipment or sensor that is not an integral part of the carrier vehicle and contributes to the science 2 objectives. Small Satellite Missions ? 2 View From the Top • In general NASA* divides all airborne/space science equipment into one of four risk classifications- Very Low Medium High Low Risk Risk Risk Risk (Class B) (ClassA) (Class C) (Class D) Typical baseline • Determining the risk classification for a particular payload is an inexact, iterative process – Classification is finalized prior to Preliminary Design Review through a combination of various NASA offices/organizations/ councils *- NPR 8705.4,“Risk ClassificationsforNASAPayloads” 33 Risk Classification Considerations* ClassA ClassB ClassC ClassD (VeryLowRisk) (LowRisk) (MediumRisk) (HighRisk) Priority(Criticalityto Highpriority,very Highpriority, Mediumpriority, Lowpriority, AgencyStrategicPlan) low(minimized) lowrisk mediumrisk highrisk andAcceptableRiskLevel risk NationalSignificance Veryhigh High Medium Low-to-medium Complexity Veryhightohigh Hightomedium Mediumtolow Mediumtolow MissionLifetime Long>5yrs Medium2-5yrs Short(~3) Short(<2yrs) (PrimaryBaselineMission) Cost High HightoMedium Mediumtolow Low LaunchConstraints Critical Medium Few FewtoNone In-flightMaintenance N/A Notfeasibleordifficult Maybefeasible Maybefeasibleand planned AlternativeResearch Noalternativeorre-flight Fewornoalternativeor Someorfew alternative Significantalternative OpportunitiesorRe-flight opportunities re-flightopportunities orre-flightopportunities orre-flight Opportunities opportunities Achievementof Allpracticalmeasures Stringentassurance Mediumriskofnot Mediumorsignificant MissionSuccess aretakentoachieve standardswithonly achievingmission riskof notachieving Criteria minimumrisktomission minorcompromisesin successmay be missionsuccessis success.The applicationtomaintaina acceptable.Reduced permitted.Minimal highestassurance lowrisktomission assurancestandards assurancestandards standardsareused. success. arepermitted. arepermitted. 4 4 *-NPR8705.4 Example- Deep Space Science Mission ClassA ClassB ClassC ClassD (VeryLowRisk) (LowRisk) (MediumRisk) (HighRisk) Priority(Criticalityto Highpriority,very Highpriority, Mediumpriority, Lowpriority, AgencyStrategicPlan) low(minimized) lowrisk mediumrisk highrisk andAcceptableRiskLevel risk NationalSignificance Veryhigh High Medium Low-to-medium Complexity Veryhightohigh Hightomedium Mediumtolow Mediumtolow MissionLifetime Long>5yrs Medium2-5yrs Short Short(<2yrs) (PrimaryBaselineMission) Cost High HightoMedium Mediumtolow Low LaunchConstraints Critical Medium Few FewtoNone In-flightMaintenance N/A Notfeasibleordifficult Maybefeasible Maybefeasibleand planned AlternativeResearch Noalternativeorre-flight Fewornoalternativeor Someorfew alternative Significantalternative OpportunitiesorRe-flight opportunities re-flightopportunities orre-flightopportunities orre-flight Opportunities opportunities Achievementof Allpracticalmeasures Stringentassurance Mediumriskofnot Mediumorsignificant MissionSuccess aretakentoachieve standardswithonly achievingmission riskof notachieving Criteria minimumrisktomission minorcompromisesin successmay be missionsuccessis success.The applicationtomaintaina acceptable.Reduced permitted.Minimal highestassurance lowrisktomission assurancestandards assurancestandards standardsareused. success. arepermitted. arepermitted. 5 5 Example- Earth Science Orbiter (3 yr mission) ClassA ClassB ClassC ClassD (VeryLowRisk) (LowRisk) (MediumRisk) (HighRisk) Priority(Criticalityto Highpriority,very Highpriority, Mediumpriority, Lowpriority, AgencyStrategicPlan) low(minimized) lowrisk mediumrisk highrisk andAcceptableRiskLevel risk NationalSignificance Veryhigh High Medium Low-to-medium Complexity Veryhightohigh Hightomedium Mediumtolow Mediumtolow MissionLifetime Long>5yrs Medium2-5yrs Short Short(<2yrs) (PrimaryBaselineMission) Cost High HightoMedium Mediumtolow Low LaunchConstraints Critical Medium Few FewtoNone In-flightMaintenance N/A Notfeasibleordifficult Maybefeasible Maybefeasibleand planned AlternativeResearch Noalternativeorre-flight Fewornoalternativeor Someorfew alternative Significantalternative OpportunitiesorRe-flight opportunities re-flightopportunities orre-flightopportunities orre-flight Opportunities opportunities Achievementof Allpracticalmeasures Stringentassurance Mediumriskofnot Mediumorsignificant MissionSuccess aretakentoachieve standardswithonly achievingmission riskof notachieving Criteria minimumrisktomission minorcompromisesin successmay be missionsuccessis success.The applicationtomaintaina acceptable.Reduced permitted.Minimal highestassurance lowrisktomission assurancestandards assurancestandards standardsareused. success. arepermitted. arepermitted. 6 6 Example- Science Instrument for Mars Lander ClassA ClassB ClassC ClassD (VeryLowRisk) (LowRisk) (MediumRisk) (HighRisk) Priority(Criticalityto Highpriority,very Highpriority, Mediumpriority, Lowpriority, AgencyStrategicPlan) low(minimized) lowrisk mediumrisk highrisk andAcceptableRiskLevel risk NationalSignificance Veryhigh High Medium Low-to-medium Complexity Veryhightohigh Hightomedium Mediumtolow Mediumtolow MissionLifetime Long>5yrs Medium2-5yrs Short Short(<2yrs) (PrimaryBaselineMission) Cost High HightoMedium Mediumtolow Low LaunchConstraints Critical Medium Few FewtoNone In-flightMaintenance N/A Notfeasibleordifficult Maybefeasible Maybefeasibleand planned AlternativeResearch Noalternativeorre-flight Fewornoalternativeor Someorfew alternative Significantalternative OpportunitiesorRe-flight opportunities re-flightopportunities orre-flightopportunities orre-flight Opportunities opportunities Achievementof Allpracticalmeasures Stringentassurance Mediumriskofnot Mediumorsignificant MissionSuccess aretakentoachieve standardswithonly achievingmission riskof notachieving Criteria minimumrisktomission minorcompromisesin successmay be missionsuccessis success.The applicationtomaintaina acceptable.Reduced permitted.Minimal highestassurance lowrisktomission assurancestandards assurancestandards standardsareused. success. arepermitted. arepermitted. 7 7 Example- Space Station Science Demo ClassA ClassB ClassC ClassD (VeryLowRisk) (LowRisk) (MediumRisk) (HighRisk) Priority(Criticalityto Highpriority,very Highpriority, Mediumpriority, Lowpriority, AgencyStrategicPlan) low(minimized) lowrisk mediumrisk highrisk andAcceptableRiskLevel risk NationalSignificance Veryhigh High Medium Low-to-medium Complexity Veryhightohigh Hightomedium Mediumtolow Mediumtolow MissionLifetime Long>5yrs Medium2-5yrs Short Short(<2yrs) (PrimaryBaselineMission) 3yrgoal Cost High HightoMedium Mediumtolow Low LaunchConstraints Critical Medium Few FewtoNone In-flightMaintenance N/A Notfeasibleordifficult Maybefeasible Maybefeasibleand planned AlternativeResearch Noalternativeorre-flight Fewornoalternativeor Someorfew alternative Significantalternative OpportunitiesorRe-flight opportunities re-flightopportunities orre-flightopportunities orre-flight Opportunities opportunities Achievementof Allpracticalmeasures Stringentassurance Mediumriskofnot Mediumorsignificant MissionSuccess aretakentoachieve standardswithonly achievingmission riskof notachieving Criteria minimumrisktomission minorcompromisesin successmay be missionsuccessis success.The applicationtomaintaina acceptable.Reduced permitted.Minimal highestassurance lowrisktomission assurancestandards assurancestandards standardsareused. success. arepermitted. arepermitted. 8 8 Risk Classification Implications • For each of NASA’s four risk classes, there are companion guidelines/requirements in each of the following areas*- Single Point Failures Safety Maintainability Hardware (EM, Flight, Materials QualityAssurance Spares) Test program (Qual, Reliability Software (assurance) ProtoFlight,Acceptance) EEE Parts Fault TreeAnalysis Risk Management Reviews ProbabilisticRisk Telemetry Coverage Assessment • With a few exceptions (noted in blue), the level of rigor and penetration required in each of these areas varies with classification, i.e. the expectations for low risk payload electronic parts are much greater than for a high risk payload 9 *- NPR 8705.4 9 Recap- It’s a Two Step Process Low Medium Very High STEP 1 Low Designate a Risk Class Evaluate requirements associated with the designated risk classification* •Class A-NPSLLevel1 •Class B-NPSLLevel1/2 •Class C-NPSLLevel1/2/3 EEEParts •Class D-NPSLLevel1/2/3 •Class A-FMEA,WorstCase,PartsStressAnalysis •Class B-Box levelFMEA,WorstCase,PartsStress STEP 2 •Class C-InterfaceFMEA,PartsStress Reliability •Class D-Basedonsafetyrequirements •Class A •Class B •Class C Etc •Class D 1100 *- perNPR 8705.4
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