NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20170001737: Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks PDF
Preview NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20170001737: Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks
EMMBARGOEDD Noot for public release befoore THHURSDAY, JANUARY 77, 2016, AT 11:00 A.M. (ET) PPREPUBLICCATION COOPY: UNCORRRECTED PPROOFS Review of NASA’s Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks 2 0 1 5 L E T T E R R E P O R T Committee to Review NASA’s Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks Board on Health Sciences Policy Carol E. H. Scott-Conner, Daniel R. Masys, and Catharyn T. Liverman, Editors Institute of Medicine PREPUBLICATION COPY: UNCORRECTED PROOFS THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 Fifth Street, NW • Washington, DC 20001 This project was supported by Contract NNH13CK19B, Task Order NNH13CK20D, between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: International Standard Book Number-10: Additional copies of this report available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2016 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Review of NASA’s evidence reports on human health risks: 2015 letter report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. PREPUBLICATION COPY: UNCORRECTED PROOFS The NNational Acaademy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Actt of Congresss, signed byy President LLincoln, as aa private, nongoovernmentall institution to advise thhe nation onn issues relateed to sciencee and technoology. Membbers are eleected by their peers for outstanding contribbutions to reesearch. Dr. Ralph J. Ciceroone is presiddent. The NNational Acaademy of Enngineering wwas establishhed in 1964 underr the charterr of the Natiional Academmy of Sciencces to bring the prractices of eengineering to advising tthe nation. Members arre electeed by their ppeers for exttraordinary contributionns to engineeering. Dr. CC. D. Mote, Jr., is presiddent. The NNational Acaademy of Meedicine (formmerly the Innstitute of Mediccine) was esttablished in 1970 underr the charterr of the Nationnal Academyy of Sciencees to advise tthe nation oon medical and heealth issues. Members aare elected by their peeers for distinguished contributions too medicine aand health. Dr. Victor JJ. Dzau iis president. The thhree Academmies work toogether as thhe Nationall Academiess of Sciences, Engiineering, annd Medicinee to provide independent, objective analyysis and advice to the nation and conduuct other acttivities to soolve complexx problems and inform publicc policy deciisions. The AAcademies aalso encouraage educatioon and reesearch, reccognize outstanding conntributions too knowledgee, and inncrease publlic understanding in maatters of scieence, engineeering, and medicine. Learn more aboutt the Nationnal Academiees of Sciencees, Engineeering, and Medicine att www.natioonal-academmies.org. PPREPUBLICCATION COOPY: UNCORRECTED PROOFS COMMITTEE TO REVIEW NASA’S EVIDENCE REPORTS ON HUMAN HEALTH RISKS CAROL E. H. SCOTT-CONNER (Chair), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City DANIEL R. MASYS (Vice Chair), University of Washington, Seattle SUSAN A. BLOOMFIELD, Texas A&M University, College Station C. PATRICK DUNNE, Dunne Solutions, Framingham, MA BRAD HOLSCHUH, University of Minnesota, Moorhead MICHAEL J. JOYNER, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN JAMES A. PAWELCZYK, Pennsylvania State University, University Park K. P. SANDEEP, North Carolina State University, Raleigh ROBERT L. SATCHER, JR., University of Texas, Houston JACK STUSTER, Anacapa Sciences, Santa Barbara, CA SCOTT TRAPPE, Ball State University, Muncie, IN PETER D. WAGNER, University of California, San Diego GAYLE E. WOLOSCHAK, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL LAURENCE R. YOUNG, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge IOM Staff CATHARYN T. LIVERMAN, Study Director CLAIRE F. GIAMMARIA, Research Associate JUDITH L. ESTEP, Program Associate SOPHIE YANG, Research Assistant ANDREW M. POPE, Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy v PREPUBLICATION COPY: UNCORRECTED PROOFS Reviewers This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: ELDON W. ASKEW, University of Utah DENNIS R. HELDMAN, The Ohio State University SUSAN R. HOPKINS, University of California, San Diego DAVID KIRSCH, Duke University Medical Center JOANNE LUPTON, Texas A&M University NEAL W. POLLOCK, Duke University Medical Center FRANK A. SLOAN, Duke University JOHN B. WEST, University of California, San Diego Although reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by GLORIA LEON, University of Minnesota, who served as the coordinator. She was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the fi- vii PREPUBLICATION COPY: UNCORRECTED PROOFS viii REVIEWERS nal content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution. PREPUBLICATION COPY: UNCORRECTED PROOFS Contents COMMITTEE’S TASK AND OVERARCHING ISSUES 2 THE NASA HUMAN RESEARCH ROADMAP 4 RISK OF IMPAIRED PERFORMANCE DUE TO REDUCED MUSCLE MASS, STRENGTH, AND ENDURANCE 5 RISK OF REDUCED PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE CAPABILITIES DUE TO REDUCED AEROBIC CAPACITY 12 RISK OF ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE DURING RE-EXPOSURE TO GRAVITY 17 RISK OF INJURY AND COMPROMISED PERFORMANCE DUE TO EVA OPERATIONS 22 RISK OF DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS 31 RISK OF PERFORMANCE DECREMENT AND CREW ILLNESS DUE TO AN INADEQUATE FOOD SYSTEM 40 RISK FACTOR OF INADEQUATE NUTRITION 47 SUMMARY 53 REFERENCES 55 ix PREPUBLICATION COPY: UNCORRECTED PROOFS
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