NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20170001529: Behavioral Assessment of Spaceflight Effects on Neurocognitive Performance - Extent and Longevity Behavioral Assessment of Spaceflight Effects on Neurocognitive Performance: Extent and Longevity

1.7 MB·English

by  NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

BEHAVIORAL ASSESMENT OF SPACEFLIGHT EFFECTS ON NEUROCOGNITIVE PERFORMANCE - EXTENT AND LONGEVITY
Y.E. De Dios1, I.S. Kofman1, N.E. Gadd1, G.A. Kreutzberg1, B.T. Peters1, L.C. Taylor1, D.J. Campbell1, S.J. Wood3, J.J. Bloomberg3, R.D. Seidler2, A.P. Mulavara1
1KBRwyle, Houston, TX; 2University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI; 3NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX
INTRODUCTION
Neuromapping Data Collection Timeline
Exposure to the microgravity environment during a spaceflight mission impacts crewmembers’ sensorimotor function. A study conducted by
Bock et al. [1] concluded that stress and scarcity of cognitive resources required for sensorimotor adaptation may be responsible for deficits during
L-202 L-60 R+4 R+30 R+91 R+179
spaceflight. We are conducting this study to investigate the effects of spaceflight on the extent, longevity and neural bases of sensorimotor,
±21 ±11 ±1 ±2 ±5 ±2
cognitive, and neural changes. The data presented will focus on the behavioral measures that were collected pre-, in- and post-flight.
FD-30 FD-96 FD-154
±2 ±2 ±6
References: [1] Bock O, Weigelt C, Bloomberg JJ. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 2010. 81(9): p. 1-6.
METHODS/RESULTS PRE/POST SPACEFLIGHT
To date, baseline data has been collected over the course of two pre-flight sessions and two post-flight sessions on five crewmembers (study n=13).
SPATIAL WORKING MEMORY TASKS VISUAL DEPENDENCE TASK PROCESSING SPEED BIMANUAL COORDINATION
Rod and Frame Test- Align the rod to earth vertical. The Digit Symbol Substitution Test- Purdue Peg Board Task- Insert pegs
Card Rotation Percent Correct
Thurston’s Card Rotation Test Fill out the table according to the bimanually and simultaneously.
100
coding key.
1
• S- Rotated image
Peg Board Completion Time (sec)
• D- Mirrored image 95
2 Digit Symbol - Completion Time (sec)
60
• 3 minute time limit
3 240 55 1
90
1
220 50
4 2
2
200 45
85
5 3
180 3 40
80 AVG 160 35 4
4
L-202 L-60 R+4 R+30
30
140
5
5
Rod and Frame Frame Effect 25
Mental Rotation Percent Correct 120
AVG
Mental Rotation Test 12 AVG 20
100 100
1 L-202 L-60 R+4 R+30 L-202 L-60 R+4 R+30
1
10
90
2
2
ASSESSMENT OF VESTIBULAR FUNCTION
8
80
3 3
6
70 4 4
4 Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP) Test - Elicited
5
60 5 ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) via a
2
hand held striker to the side of the face.
AVG
Acknowledgements: This study was suAVpG ported in part by a grant from NASA
50
0
L-202 L-60 R+4 R+30
L-202 L-60 R+4 R+30
NNX11AR02G and the National Space Biomedical th NASA NCC 9-58
These two figures show
oVEMP responses recorded
FUNCTIONAL MOBILITY TASK
BALANCE CONTROL
for control subjects A-H
Research Institute
over 4 sessions that
Sensory Organization Test 5 (SOT 5) Head Movement Walking through an obstacle course spanned across 70 days.
(SA02001).
• Balancing on sway referenced base of support • Complete as quickly as possible without running
• Eyes closed and head movement in a pitch plane • Avoid hitting any obstacles
• Three trials per session • Ten trials per session
FMT-Total Completion Time (Sec)
SOT 5 HD Moving EQ Score
40
1 2 3 4 5 AVG
1 2 3 4 5 AVG
100 35
90
Left p1 (ms) Right p1 (ms)
80 30
35 35
70 1 2 3 4 5 AVG 1 2 3 4 5 AVG
30 30
60 25
25 25
50
20 20
40 20
Sample data of a typical
15 oVEMP response elicited 15
30
using a handheld striker.
10
10
20 15
These graphs show p1
5
5
10 values for crewmembers.
0
0 10 0
L-202 L-60 R+4 R+30 L-202 L-60 R+4 R+30 L-202 L-60 R+4 R+30 L-202 L-60 R+4 R+30
DISCUSSION
• Preliminary results for five subjects indicate that balance control and functional mobility tests show a decrement in performance on four days after return from long duration (6 months) spaceflight.
• Little to no change was observed for spatial working memory, visual dependence, processing speed, bimanual coordination and VEMP tests. This may indicate recovery of these tasks by 4 days after
return from spaceflight.
METHODS/RESULTS INFLIGHT
DISCUSSION
SENSORIMOTOR ADAPTATION TEST MENTAL ROTATION TEST DUAL TASK TEST
• Dual task test results
indicate a decrement in
Mental Rotation Test Inflight Setup
Mental Rotation I Percent Correct
performance both in time
1 2 3 4 5 AVG
100
and percent correct
90
midflight.
Acknowledgements: This study was supported in part by a grant from NASA
80
70
• Mental rotations task
60
NNX11AR02G and the National Space Biomedical Research Institute
performed in the strapped
50
“Strapped in” (mimics a seated position) configuration indicates
Early Middle Late
decrement in performance.
Dual Avg Reaction Time (sec)
through NASA NCC 9-58 (SA0200Me1ntal R)ot.ation II Percent Correct Dual Score
Adaptation Rate
1 2 3 4 5 AVG 0.6 1 2 3 4 5 AVG
1 2 3 4 5 AVG
100
Adaptation test sample data. 100
0
Adaptation and recovery rates are
Early Middle Late
90 0.5 Acknowledgements
determined by fitting exponential
95
-0.02
curves to response errors.
80
This study was supported
0.4
90
-0.04
70
by NASA grant
0.3
85
-0.06 60
NNX11AR02G.
0.2
50
80
-0.08
Early Middle Late
“Free Floating” (No external stimuli on body that Early Middle Late Early Middle Late
1 2 3 4 5 AVG
would mimic a seated or grounded” position)