NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20150012557: Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes 1997 Publications

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by  NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

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LABORATORY
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HYDROSPHERIC PROCESSES
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RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS
1997
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
GREENBELT, MARYLAND 20771
301-286-6171
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Cover Figure Caption
Fig. 14. This is an example of a Hilbert Spectrum for laboratory wave data. The Hilbert
Spectrum is a three dimensional presentation of an energy-frequency-time distribution.
The analysis is based on the totally adaptive Empirical Mode Decomposition method from
which the Intrinsic Mode Functions are extracted, and the frequency is defmed by
differentiation rather than convolution. Such a frequency not only has instantaneous
meaning, but also can represent nonlinear distortion of waveform in terms of intra-wave
frequency modulation rather than the traditional spurious harmonics from Fourier based
analysis. This figure illustrates the range of intra-wave modulation for a nonlinear water
wave train. The process of wave fusion, in which the two waves fused into one, is shown
by the sudden drop in the instantaneous frequency value at the 25th second.
This cover figure is from the Laboratory's 1996 Peer Award for best publication by Drs.
Norden E. Huang (Code 971), Stephen R. Long (Code 972), and Zheng Shen, entitled
The mechanism for frequency downshift in nonlinear wave formation, Advances in applied
mechanics, 12,59-117.
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Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes 1997 Publications
This document is a compilation of publications of the Goddard Space Flight Center Laboratory
for Hydrospheric Processes for calendar year 1997. Each two-page entry is a cut-and-pasted
extraction from a 1997 published journal article, book chapter, symposium or conference
proceedings, or technical memorandum. This provides a quick, inexpensive way to communicate
our research. If you wish further information, or a reprint, please contact the author of the article
or the publisher. There are two sections, the first consisting of 76 journal articles and book
chapters which are arranged according to the science priorities of NASA's Earth Science
Enterprise:
Land-Cover Change and Global Productivity
Seasonal-to-Interannual Climate Prediction
Natural Hazards
Long-Term Climate Variability
Atmospheric Ozone, and an additional category
*
Sensor/Algorithm Development.
Each of these sections is preceded by a foreword.
A second section, consisting of 52 other contributions (e.g. conference/symposium proceedings
and technical memoranda), provides additional scientific information to the outside community.
This document was initiated within the Earth Sciences Directorate at the NASA/Goddard Space
Flight Center to provide internal communication. We anticipate it will prove useful to visitors and
other people interested in our research. This is our fifth annual document.
The Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes is one of the major elements of the Earth Sciences
Directorate at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Scientific investigations within the Division
range from theoretical to experimental research dealing with oceanic/physical oceanography,
hydrologic, and cryospheric sciences. The Laboratory currently has a staff of 60 civil servants and
approximately 138 visiting scientists, postdoctoral fellows, and contractors. At various times
throughout the year, the Laboratory hosts additional personnel through NASA and Goddard
sponsored enrichment programs for high school, undergraduate and graduate students, and high
school and university faculty. For further information see our web site at
http://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov .
~~
Dr. Antonio J. Busalacchi
Chief, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes
Code 970
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, MD 20771
*
This group title was added to provide a logical place for other studies that are done within the
Division that don't readily fall within the five science priorities.
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Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes Best Publication A wards
Each year, as part of our Peer Award process, the Laboratory selects an article and
presents the author or authors an award to honor their publication efforts during the
previous year. Listed below are the previous winners since we began compiling the
Laboratories' publications in a booklet similar to this beginning with calendar year 1993.
1993
Robert 1. Gurney, James L. Foster, and Claire L. Parkinson, Atlas of satellite
observations related to global change, Cambridge University Press.
1994
Kevin Arrigo, Impact of ozone depletion on phytoplankton' growth in the Southern
Ocean: large-scale spatial and temporal variability, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 114,
1-12.
1995
William B. Krabill, Robert H. Thomas, Chreston F. Martin, Robert N. Swift, and
Earl B. Frederick, Accuracy of airborne laser altimetry over the Greenland ice sheet,
International Journal ofR emote Sensing, 16(7), 1211-1222.
1996
Norden E. Huang, Steven R. Long, and Zheng Shen, The mechanism for frequency
downshift in nonlinear wave evolution. Advances in Applied Mechanics, 32, Eds.
Hutchinson and Wu, Academic Press, 60-117 plus figures.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Caption --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------inside front cover
Preface --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i
Annual Best Pu bl ication Award -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii
Table of Contents ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes Personnel --------------------------------------------------------------------- xiii
Journal Papers and Book Chapters --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I
Boldface indicates Code 970 personnel.
LAND COVER CHANGE AND GLOBAL PRODUCTIVITY SUMMARY--------------3
Arrigo, K.R., D.L. Worthen, M.P. Lizotte, P. Dixon, and G. Dieckmann, 1997: Primary production in
Antarctic sea ice. Science, 276, 394-397. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
Chen, D., E.T. Engman, and W. Brutsaert, 1997: Spatial distribution and pattern persistence of surface soil
moisture and temperature over prairie from remote sensing. Remote Sens. Environ., 61, 347-360. --------------------7
Engman, E.T., 1997: Soil moisture, the hydrologic interface between surface and ground waters. Remote
Sensing and Geographic Information Systems for Design and Operation of Water Resources Systems,
M.F. Baumgartner, G.A. Schultz, and A.1. Johnson, Eels., IAHS Pub[ication No. 242, 129-140. -----------------------9
Jackson, T.J., P.E. O'Neill, and c.T. Swift, 1997: Passive microwave observation of diurnal surface soil
moisture. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 35(5), 121 0-1222. -------------------------------------------------------- 11
Lehodey, P., M. Bertignac, J. Hampton, A. Lewis, and J. Picaut, 1997: E[ Nino Southern Oscillation and
tuna in the western Pacific. Nature, 389, 715-718. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- [3
Monger, B., C. McClain, and R. Murtugudde, 1997: Seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in the eastern
tropical Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res., 102(C6), 12,389-12,411. -------------------------------------------------------------- [5
SEASONAL-TO-INTERANNUAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY SUMMARY ------------- 17
Busalacchi, A.J., 1997: Oceanic observations. J. Meteorol. Soc. of Japan, 75(1 B), 131-154. ----------------------- 19
Cavalieri, D.J., P. Gloersen, C.L. Parkinson, J.C. Comiso, and H.J. Zwally, 1997: Observed hemispheric
asymmetry in global sea ice changes. Science, 278, 1 104-} 106. ----------------------------------------------------------- 21
Chen, D., S.E. Zebiak, M.A. Cane, and A.J. Busalacchi, 1997: Initialization and predictability of a coupled
ENSO forecast model. Mon. Wea. Rev. 125(5), 773-788. ------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
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Chen, G., B. Chapron, 1. Tournadre, K. Katsaros, and D. Vandemark, 1997: Global oceanic precipitation:
A joint view by TOPEX and the TOPEX microwave radiometer. l. Geophys. Res., 102(C5), 10,457-10,471. ----- 25
Chen, T.R., A. Henderson-Sellers, P.C.D. Milly, AJ. Pitman, A.C.M. Beljaars, 1. Polcher, F. Abramopoulos,
A. Boone, S. Chang, F. Chen, Y. Dai, C.E. Desborough, R.E. Dickinson, L. Diimenil, M. Ek, J.R. Garratt,
N. Gedney, Y.M. Gusev, J. Kim, R. Koster, E.A. Kowalczyk, K. Laval, J. Lean, D. Lettenmaier, X. Liang,
J.-F. Mahfouf, H.-T. Mengelkamp, K. Mitchell, O.N. Nasonova, 1. Noilhan, A. Robock, C. Rosenzweig,
J. Schaake, C.A. Schlosser, 1.-P. Schulz, Y. Shao, A.B. Shmakin, D.L. Verseghy, P. Wetzel, E.F. Wood,
Y. Xue, Z.-L. Yang, and Q. Zeng, 1997: Cabauw experimental results from the project for intercomparison
of land··surface parameterization schemes. l. Climate, 10(7), 1194-1215. ----------------------------------------------- 27
Choudhury, B.J., 1997: Global pattern of potential evaporation calculated from the Penman-Monteith
equation using satellite and assimilated data. Remote Sens. Environ., 61, 64-81. -------------------------------------- 29
Geiger, C.A., S.F. Ackley, W.D. Hibler, III, 1997: Year-round pack ice in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica:
response and sensitivity to atmospheric and oceanic forcing. Ann. Glaciol., 25, 269-275. ---------------------------- 31
Giovinetto, M.B., G. Holdsworth, D.A. Fisher, N.M. Waters, and H.J. Zwally, 1997: An assessment of the
regional distribution of the oxygen-isotope ratio in northeastern Canada. Ann. Glaciol., 25, 214-219. ------------- 33
Ho, D.T., L.F. Bliven, R. Wanninkhof, and P. Schlosser, 1997: The effect of rain on air-water gas exchange.
Tellus, 49B, 149-158. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
Hooker, S.B., R.P. Mied, J.W. Brown, and A.D. Kirwan, Jr., 1997: Remote sensing of dipole rings. IEEE
Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 35(6) 1394-1399. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 37
Jacobs, S.S., and J.C. Comiso, 1997: Climate variability in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas.
l. Climate, 1 0(4), 697-709. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
Jouzel, J., R.B. Alley, K.M. Cuffey, W. Dansgaard, P. Grootes, G. Hoffmann, SJ. Johnsen, R.D. Koster,
D. Peel, C.A. Shuman, M. Stievenard, M. Stuiver, and 1. White, 1997: Validity of the temperature
reconstruction from water isotopes in ice cores. 1. Geophys. Res., 102(CI2), 26,471-26,487. ------------------------ 41
Kalnay, E., D.L.T. Anderson, A.F. Bennett, A.J. Busalacchi, S.E. Cohn, P. Courtier, J. Derber, A.C. Lorenc,
D. Parrish, J. Purser, N. Sato, and T. Schlatter, 1997: Data assimilation in the ocean and in the atmosphere:
What should be next? l. Meteorol. Soc. ofl apan, 75(IB), 489-496. ------------------------------------------------------ 43
Koster, R.D., and P.C.D. Milly, 1997: The interplay between transpiration and runoff formulations in land
surface schemes used with atmospheric models. l. Climate, 10, 1578-1591. -------------------------------------------- 45
Kwok, R., and J.C. Comiso, 1997: The perennial ice cover of the Beaufort Sea from active-and passive
microwave observations. Ann. Glaciol., 25, 376-381. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
Lakshrni, V., E.F. Wood, and B.J. Choudhury, 1997: A soil-canopy-atmosphere model for use in satellite
microwave remote sensing. l. Geophys. Res., 102(D6), 6911-6927. ------------------------------------------------------ 49
Lakshmi, V., E.F. Wood, and B.J. Choudhury, 1997: Investigation of effect of heterogeneities in vegetation
and rainfall on simulated SSMI! brightness temperatures. Int. l. Remote Sens., 18(13),2763-2784. ---------------- 51
Lakshmi, V., E.F. Wood, and B.J. Choudhury, 1997: Evaluation of special sensor microwave/imager satellite
data for regional soil moisture estimation over the Red River Basin. l. Appl. Meteorol., 36(10), 1309-1328. ----- 53
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Liu, A.K., S. Martin, and R. Kwok, 1997: Tracking of ice edges and ice floes by wavelet analysis of SAR
images. l. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 14, 1187 -1198. -------------------------------------------------------------------------55
E.e.
Miller, R.N., A.J. Busalacchi, and Hackert, 1997: Applications of data assimilation to analysis of the
ocean on large scales. l. Meteorol. Soc. ofl apan, 75(1 B), 445-4Q2. -----------------------------------------------------57
Parkinson, C.L., 1997: Earth from above using color-coded satellite images to examine the global
environment, University Science Books, Sausalito, California, l75 pp. ---------------------------------------------------59
Picaut, J., F. Masia, and Y. du Penhoat, 1997: An advective-reflective conceptual model for the oscillatory
nature of the ENSO. Science, 277, 663-666. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------61
Pinkel, R., M. Merrifield, M. McPhaden, J. Picaut, S. Rutledge, D. Siegel, and L. Washburn, 1997: Solitary
waves in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(13), 1603-1606. ------------------------------ 63
Scott, R., D. Entekhabi, R. Koster, M. Suarez, 1997: Timescales ofland surface evapotranspiration response.
l. Climate, 1 O( 4), 559-5 66. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65
Teng, W.L., B.J. Choudhury, and J.R. Wang, 1997: The effects of laterite and associated terrain components
on PBMR response in HAPEX-Sahel. J. Hydrol., 188-189, 310-329. -------------------------~---------------------------67
Vukovich, F.M., R. Wayland, and D. Toll, 1997: The surface heat flux as a function of ground cover for
climate models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125(4), 572-586. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
Wang, L. and C. Koblinsky, 1997: Can the TopexiPoseidon altimetry data be used to estimate air-sea heat
flux in the North Atlantic? Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(2), 139-142. -----------------------------------------------------------71
NATURAL HAZARDS SUMMARY -------------------------------------73
Abdalati, W., and K. Steffen, 1997: The apparent effects of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption on the Greenland ice
sheet melt extent. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(14), l795-l797. ----------------------------------------------------------------- 75
Chang, A.T.e., L.S. Chiu, G.R. Liu, and K.H. Wang, 1997: Analyses of 1994 typhoons in the Taiwan
c.
region using satellite data. In: Space Remote Sensing of Subtropical Oceans (SRSSO), T. Liu, Ed.,
Elsevier Science, New York, New York, 89-96. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 77
LONG-TERM CLIMATE VARIABILITY SUMMARY ---------------------------- 79
Abdalati, W., and K. Steffen, 1997: Snowmelt on the Greenland ice sheet as derived from passive microwave
satellite data. l. Climate, 10(2), 165-175. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
Alley, R.B., C.A. Shuman, D.A. Meese, AJ. Gow, K.C. Taylor, K.M. Cuffey, J.J. Fitzpatrick, P.M. Grootes,
G.A. Zielinski, M. Ram, G. Spinelli, and B. Elder, 1997: Visual-stratigraphic dating of the GISP2 ice core:
Basis, reproducibility, and application. l. Geophys. Res., 102(CI2), 26,367-26,381. ---------------------------------- 83
Cane, M.A., A.C. Clement, A. Kaplan, Y. Kushnir, D. Pozdnyakov, R. Seager, S.E. Zebiak, and
R. Murtugudde, 1997: Twentieth-century sea surface temperature trends. Science, 275, 957-960. ---------------- 85
v
Chang, A.T.C., D.K. Hall, and J.L. Foster, 1997: Multiangle observations of directional reflectances of
snow fields. Chinese 1. Remote Sens., I(Suppl.) 11-17. -------------------------------------------------------------------- 87
Joughin, I., M. Fahnestock, S. Ekholm, R. Kwok, 1997: Balance velocities of the Greenland ice sheet.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(23), 3045-3048. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89
Mauritzen, c., and S. Hakkinen, 1997: Influence of sea ice on the thermohaline circulation in the Arctic-
North Atlantic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(24), 3257 -3260. ----------------------------------------------------------- 91
Rignot, E.J., S.P. Gogineni, W.B. Krabill, and S. Ekholm, 1997: North and northeast Greenland ice
discharge from satellite radar interferometry. Science, 276, 934-937. ---------------------------------------------------- 93
Rind, D., R. Healy, C. Parkinson, and D. Martinson, 1997: The role of sea ice in 2xC0 climate model
2
sensitivity: Part II: Hemispheric dependencies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24( 12), 1491-1494. ----------------------------- 95
Seager, R., and R. Murtugudde, 1997: Ocean dynamics, thermocline adjustment, and regulation of tropical
SST. J. Climate, 10(3), 521-534. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97
Shuman, C.A., R.B. Alley, M.A. Fahnestock, PJ. Fawcett, R.A. Bindschadler, J.W.c. White, P.M. Grootes,
S. Anandakrishnan, and C.R. Steams, 1997: Detection and monitoring of stratigraphic markers and
temperature trends at the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 using passive-microwave remote-sensing data.
J. Geophys. Res., 102(C 12), 26,877 -26,886. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
Williams, Jr., R.S., D.K. Hall, O. Sigurdsson, and J.Y.L. Chien, 1997: Comparison of satellite-derived with
ground-based measurements of the fluctuations of the margins of Vatnajokull, Iceland, 1973-92.
Ann. Glaciol., 24, 72-80 ...................................................................................................................................... 101
ZwaIly, H.J., and M.B. Giovinetto, 1997: Annual sea level variability induced by changes in sea ice extent
and accumulation on ice sheets: An assessment based on remotely sensed data. Surveys in Geophys., 18,
327 -340. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------103
ZwaIly, H.J., and M.B. Giovinetto, 1997: Areal distribution of the oxygen-isotope ratio in Greenland.
Ann. Glaciol., 25, 208-213. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------105
ATMOSPHERIC OZONE SUMMARY ----------------------------------107
Bittner, M., D. Offermann, P. Preusse, M. Riese, H. Claude, and F.J. Schmidlin, 1997: CRISTA ozone
measurements/validation. Adv. Space Res., 19, 567 -570. ------------------------------------------------------------------109
SENSOR! ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT SUMMARY ---------------------------111
Aiken, 1., and S.B. Hooker, 1997: The Atlantic Meridional Transect: Spatially extensive calibration and
validation of optical properties and remotely-sensed measurements of ocean colour. Backscatter, 8(3), 8-11. ----113
Bilitza, D., S. Bhardwaj, and C. Koblinsky, 1997: Improved IRI predictions for the GEOSAT time period.
Adv. Space Res., 20(9), 1755-1760. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------115
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Bliven, L.F., P.W. Sobieski, A. Guissard, and H. Branger, 1997: Friction velocity estimation using dual
frequency altimeter data. In: The Air-Sea Interface, Radio and Accoustic Sensing, Turbulence and Wave
Dynamics, M.A. Donelan, W.H. Hiu, andWJ. Plant, Eds., RSMAS University of Miami, Miami, Florida,
755-760. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------117
Bliven, L.F., J-P. Giovanangeli, H. Branger, and P.W. Sobieski, 1997: A summary of scatterometer returns
from water surfaces agitated by rain. In: The Air-Sea Interface, Radio and Accoustic Sensing, Turbulence
and Wave Dynamics, M.A. Donelan, W.H. Hiu, and WJ. Plant, Eds., RSMAS University of Miami,
Miami, Florida, 761-766. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------119
Caylor, I.J., G.M. Heymsfield, R. Meneghini, and L.S. Miller, 1997: Correction of sampling errors in
ocean surface cross-sectional estimates from nadir-looking weather radar. 1. Almos. Ocean. Techno!., 14(1),
203 -21 O. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------121
Chang, A.T.C., and L.S. Chiu, 1997: Uncertainty in satellite rainfall estimates: Time series comparison.
Adv. Space Res., 19(3), 469-47 2. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------123
Chang, A.T.C., J.L. Foster, D.K. Hall, B.E. Goodison, A.E. Walker, J.R. Metcalfe, and A. Harby, 1997:
Snow parameters derived from microwave measurements during the BOREAS winter field campaign.
1. Geophys. Res., 102(D24), 29,663-29 ,671. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------125
Chanzy, A., TJ. Schmugge, J.-c. Calvet, Y. Kerr, P. van Oevelen, O. Grosjean, J.R. Wang, 1997: Airborne
microwave radiometry on a semi-arid area during HAPEX-Sahel. 1. Hydro!., 188-189,285-309. ------------------127
COmiso, J.c., D.J. Cavalieri, c.L. Parkinson, and P. Gloersen, 1997: Passive microwave algorithms for
sea ice concentration: A comparison of two techniques. Remote Sens. Environ., 60,357-384. ---------------------129
Craeye, C., P.W. Sobieski, and L.F. Bliven, 1997: Scattering by artificial wind and rain roughened water
surfaces at oblique incidences. Int. 1. Remote Sens., 18(10), 2241-2246. -----------------------------------------------131
Elfouhaily, T., B. Chapron, K. Katsaros, and D. Vandemark, 1997: A unified directional spectrum for long
and short wind-driven waves. 1. Geophys. Res., 102(C7), 15,781-15 ,796. ----------------------------------------------133
Foster, J.L., A.T.C. Chang, and D.K. Hall, 1997: Comparison of snow mass estimates from a prototype
passive microwave snow algorithm, a revised algorithm and a snow depth climatology. Remote Sens. Environ.,
62, 132-142. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------135
Fraser, R.S., S. Mattoo, E-n. Yeh, and C.R. McClain, 1997: Algorithm for atmospheric and glint corrections
of satellite measurements of ocean pigment. 1. Geophys. Res., 102(D 14), 17,107-17,118. ---------------------------l37
Goldberg, R.A., G.A. Lehmacher, F.J. Schmidlin, D.C. Fritts, J.D. Mitchell, C.L. Croskey, M. Friedrich, and
W.E. Swartz, 1997: Equatorial dynamics observed by rocket, radar, and satellite during the CADRFlMALTED
campaign. 1. Programmatics and small-scale fluctuations. 1. Geophys. Res., 102(D22), 26,179-26,190. ---------139
Gregg, W.W., F.S. Patt, and R.H. Woodward, 1997: Development of a simulated data set for the SeaWiFS
mission. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 35(2) 421-435. -------------------------------------------------------------141
Liu, A.K., C. Y. Peng, and S. Y.-S. Chang, 1997: Wavelet analysis of satellite images for coastal watch.
IEEE. 1. Ocean. Eng., 22( I), 9-17. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------143
Meneghini, R., H. Kumagai, J.R. Wang, T. Iguchi, and T. Kozu, 1997: Microphysical retrievals over
stratiform rain using measurements from an airborne dual-wavelength radar-radiometer. IEEE Trans.
Geosci. Remote Sens., 35(3) 487-506. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------145
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Patt, F.S., R.H. Woodward, and W.W. Gregg, 1997: An automated method for navigation assessment
for Earth survey sensors using island targets. Int. J. Remote Sens., 18( 16), 3311-3336. ------------------------------147
Prabhakara, C., M. Cadeddu, D.A. Short, J.A. Weinman, J.L. Schols, and J. Hafennan, 1997: "Stratiform
and convective rain discrimination from microwave radiometer observations." In: IRS '96: Current Problems
in Atmospheric Radiation. Eds. W.L. Smith and K. Stamnes, Proc. Int. Radiation Symp., Fairbanks, Alaska,
August 19-24, 1996, 498-50 1. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------149
Roman, D.R., B. Csatho, K.C. Jezek, R.H. Thomas, W.B. Krabill, R.R.B. von Frese, and R. Forsberg., 1997:
A comparison of geoid undulations for west central Greenland. 1. Geophys. Res., l02(B2), 2807-2814. -----------151
Shi, J.e., J. Wang, A.Y. Hsu, P.E. O'Neill, and E.T. Engman, 1997: Estimation of bare surface soil
moisture and surface roughness parameter using L-band SAR image data. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.,
35(5) 1254-1266. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------153
St. Germain, K.M., and D.J. Cavalieri, 1997: A microwave technique for mapping ice temperature in the
Arctic seasonal sea ice zone. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 35(2) 946-953. --------------------------------------155
Toll, D.L., D. Shirey, and D.S. Kimes, 1997: NOAA AVHRR land surface albedo algorithm development.
Int. f. Remote Sens., 18(18), 3761-3796. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------157
Vandemark, D., J.B. Edson, B. Chapron, 1997: Altimeter estimation of sea surface wind stress for light to
moderate winds. 1. Atmos. Ocean. Techno!., 14(3), 716-722. -------------------------------------------------------------159
Wang, J.R., A. Usu, J.e. Shi, P.E. O'Neill, and E.T. Engman, 1997: A comparison of soil moisture
retrieval models using SIR-C measurements over the Little Washita River watershed. Remote Sens. Environ.,
59, 308-32 0. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------161
Wang, J.R., P. Racette, and L.A. Chang, 1997: MIR measurements of atmospheric water vapor profiles.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 35(2) 212-223. -------------------------------------------------------------------------163
Wang, J.R., J.D. Spinhirne, P. Racette, L.A. Chang, and W. Hart, 1997: The effect of clouds on water vapor
profiling from the millimeter-wave radiometric measurements. J. Appl. Meteorol., 36(9), 1232-1244. ------------165
Wang, J.R., J. Zhan, and P. Racette, 1997: Storm-associated microwave radiometric signatures in the
frequency range of 90-220 GHz. 1. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 14( 1), 13-31. ---------------------------------------------167
Wang, M., and M.D. King, 1997: Correction of Rayleigh scattering effects in cloud optical thickness
retrievals. f . Geophys. Res., l02(D22), 25,915-25,926. --------------------------------------------------------------------169
OTHER CO NTRIB UTI 0 NS -----------------------------------------------171
Barnes, R.A., R.E. Eplee, Jr., E-n. Yeh, and W.E. Esaias, 1997: SeaWiFS Calibration Topics, Part 2.
SeaWiFS Technical Report Series, TM 104566, Vol. 40, S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 67pp., June 1997. --------------------------------------------------173
Barnes, R.A., and W.E. Esaias, 1997: "A nominal top-of-the-atmosphere spectrum for SeaWiFS."
In: SeaWiFS Calibration Topics, Part 2. SeaWiFS Technical Report Series, TM 104566, Vol. 40,
S.B. Hooker and E.R. Firestone, Eds., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 3-11,
June 1997. -------~-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------175
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