NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20050050927: Differences between ERBE and CERES Tropical Mean Fluxes: ENSO, Climate Change or Calibration?

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28 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EnGE AND GERES TAG? CAL MEAN FLUXES
ENSO, CLIMATE CHANGE OR CALIBRATOR”

Bee 8. Wai “peneng

ong, David F Young Bone A Barkshom, A. 3 Lee

‘Aroaphane dclenes “aseater NAMA Langley esearch Catt, Hampi VA

Nort -aetolin
‘Vieginia Paylechns Iota one Sa Universi, lola, A

1. metrpayeriON

Veiner €. Sour was the tahar of eition bust
measurements fom apace. Hp dreced the tsa 3 ho
“hivaraty of Wisco ain na developed a ret ean
Bedget “neasuremerts on the lela (Explcrer Vi}
spabecratin 1950 (Woiniaia and Soul, 86t; SOU
fd Shen, 4962}, The Tie cals pulsed wae 0
Fa calcio of nights long-wave Mixes.
sbeolute scouacy astimatod as bats than 10 pecomt
{ad the deta chown as hand drawn mace with Toes of
{val engsvave radon fos, in Langley per mint
210° eolnsleyl Th tel vormensons Ue em
‘adiaton deta ‘ath nepanelyses showed tat ctx
mint ration ators (eoletem ana Sour,
1301). Sour nunosotely propose «sing te raat
hei to lp undestae the atroaphae hast soutesa
necessary o or ve the atmosphere ckeusian (Scum
fang Shen, 1962), This eaty mek lead point the
Falalonchip Batveen the cutgcing longueve redlancn st
the top of the sinosphere and tho. vets! fe
ttveagence of ina raion wn the arene,
The nest So yoar, gfe! seat ezeraatons ol
tne raion selonce of te planat have advancad 20
im accurazy, stably, end in tet abil to edese
aise and ion in tho clits eyetam. The pupoes of
the preset paper to examine early oes of the nam
CEALS (clouds ene he Earns Fadiant Energy
System) date on Tink (Tropical Raina Maauring
System wach stated ata clecton in lanuary, 1938,
(CERES ie tract descendant el tho ogacy of Souris
Foresight on undersinding Ihe soba! enoradts using

(CERES DATA

‘The CERES inotumeet (Lea ot al, 1999) 12 on
Ingroved vesion attra ERE (earn Radiation Budget
Experiment, Barttrom, 1964) scenring broadkand
fadlometer. Padormance Improvements inshe
{Prostoy ot, “350
1 Sjestlote calbraton accursey aslimated 3g 4% In
the SW and. inte longue flan a 1398,
+ "eousisaney of ground. calibration and anor
{atovation ate tha 625%,

‘stan engi epande>toffteraduoed by a> order
‘of magrtuda to roughly digs count 029

Careanonding Aether Aaareas Biase 5 We,
Mail Stop 420, NASA Langley Research Center
Havotan vA 2néat erm basomciadsiscrasa gov

ro scerabie hangs in incismon gains for any
nano at ha 0.25, lel with 833% contdence aE
listyear ot cparaton

‘Tha CERES scoters a0 alto capable o ezaning
nether a fred azinull (eg. Cosrack 1) global
orage) of by retating i azimuth angle sa W alae
Sears in elovallon: Mersby achioving who frst
Semispheds raadbend measurements since tho
Nimovs 7 radomelerin 197679. CEES Ws doelgned
be town win a cloud imager capable of accrale and
‘hake eoimalc of cove Pstian, Ragh, opted dep,
‘rishi, water phase ond perits ale.

“Tie fat poguci tobe vleasad ara “he ERBE-UKo
tap ef afrosptare (TOA) fees TES; =54; E50)
‘Theco gata ara precaesad wih the ERBE algerhns,
‘sowng conspamen te the EABE hislorea! data. The
‘aldtac CERES ERBELke dala a avaiable a
leceweb ra. nese govigniaccaestabe ates Me)
‘his papar comgarar te 1998 TAM GERCS dala to
fhe Earth Radiaior Budget Satara (ERGS)
Cinaoleial TOA sas kom 1@85- 4090,

COMPARISON OF ERGE AnD CERES

mn oor ro minimise facta ram a une samping,
rasute are compared for manthy topical ran frm
Oho 208 lettuce hlen we wa eal tha ropial ean
Dn atrer analy a9 pefarmed using Four GOES
‘daa subsampled using situated TRON and ERBS
Dela passes and ten compared 1 tha U1 24 howe
fata bet rouny ot, "486). Toe analyis e-em nt
the voce tay in ehorwave (SW) 9nd loncaave (U9)
tropical man faves expected for tte ERBE: Ke
(CERES daly un TR, ara or “he ERBE data using
iy he ERS pracasing mbit daa, TAU srecoesos
trough alsa Fours ery 23 dave, ang E33 does
the same in 26 days. For 208 to ZON. 18 GOES
hnulatora Potalo lgma unenanuas 3:

Tine Sampling Ureoraity

‘Sesmestst Sampling. SWE LW ie
EnBEERES EBvin? 2 vim

CeReSTHom yawn? oz im"
‘These tine sampling enars a surety small to
ica sacl empancans ca too cata sete for LW?
Fes, tut are matgine for SW haan Siren Rom Hata
sats ave precersing eros, andle compleg ears are
expected To be shia tor bot Sete seis. Spatial
Ssamping o's ao noglable fo kop! aah es.
Figure chow the topea man longwave for
January 10 August of 1098 for CERES, and the
imacimum. mean, anc minimum valuee Yor the seme
‘months of a ya From 1985 01900 sing ERES dat.

sf Fercr
: wal cen
i

fos

ie

ea Ro Toe aw toy Bate

“Tm Monty

ig. 1. Time series of CERES-TAMM an EROE-EPES
seannar Al-Sky TOA LW Rx averaged 208 1 28.
‘Theta Isa large aerence between tne wo date aos
wn CERES lngave ures highat by 4.5 Wn” ly
lng Augustana by 9 min February. Glo tht tho
large ENSO eves ol 19972 peakad in Fabruaherch
secoidng 1 Ite NOAKICDC Multvatte ENED indax
{Stong et at, £099) and naa csoppaared by July, 1998,
bart of this eilrsnce fs apparsnty due to Ine 1936
ENO evant Hoo the the dhtnl sampling uncer
210.2 Vir lndlales tite 25% canarce bound on
taples mean loaguave lx dlfessnces of CERES and
ERE Is ony D'S Vent. Ine observes flere Is
siniteant al ne 40 ta 20 sigma level he largest year
ta your varelty eaan in tre ERBS wepical roan LWT
TOR tule 2.5 sm, Including the relatively woskor
ENSO aventn 1987

Figuto 2 shows tae aquialentplt for CteanSky
Lv naa, in tis case, the cerarees 20 Taueh

fy

Led ;

Mg i vhs Agr May Toa al hen

Tine en)

Fig. 2, Tino ets of CERES. tue ana EABE.£RES
‘ns clegr hy TOA CW Hux averaged 208 20N

malar and tn vaiilty appears to be dominated by
The ENSO avant Wong of at (1989) chow ascent
agreemart betwee: the CEACS meastied dloer-sy
‘Wve nrawraten aver sceana ane anomalve 0
Reyncige SST and NOAANCEP. etnospnerie
Torrperatire and water vapel. From a clat-aky
Perepoctvo, ‘he CORES and ERBE LW fluxes aco
Fersatent, hth all efterazoes explained ty tho 1998
ENSO avant

4. COMPARISONS TO-CADS NONSCANNEA

‘The gitarances Is allaey tpi! mean te
tohean EPR and CERES ere unplanably large
“here ae arguably bo racr poss. for such Irae
aiterences: insure calbration, of charges in te
rection tet. Recall ha tho salbeaten of LW
Tadlanose for ERB was considered to have aa
Abvolde aociracy of 8h and for CEHES an accuracy
31.6% (Lge a a, 1998). azn of hase wsturvanis
sete oper a appasta onda of thsi uncertainty
‘ange, 6 alfstanea af 1.5% weuld Eo povcible or
roughly 44 Wn, the same magnitude Teun tn ly
"TR den the ENGO avart ir te Yet the stabiy af
tha ERSE radiomatr for LO odanice wae found 2 b2
bot than 0.3%, ard CERES wn the Ist year bator
than 0.2% as indicated ela. Tha augzosts Hal the
tha solar constant ity of he messueria is uch
beter than the abselute sozuacy, ard that varspe
Pea easements formate Oat ro cea
ortunatey. ce go have sone ove copadiy
trom EABE ta CERES, ‘Toe CBS spacecteh carl
hot ony the ERBE ceasner whlch oported auecoetly
{fo 1985 fe 1950, su 2bc the broadband nonecanning
Vio Fein? View (FOV ants cavity raiorotrs,
Those WFOM selva cavities fltal and shtrave
‘hana ave uted once every 2 weeks 1 peror
Solr constant aasurerient, wh th rmaings eS
‘eng measurementa "iia the WEDY dala nave @
very lage fis af vin approaching 1003 kr, ase
‘et can be uted deci Ho eran the aralty in
‘tapos man fi [2 le 20M} ceainasly rom 1234
‘trough 1998, The CANE spacectt i a operatnal
butt Tape ooorder anormal in Mayon ef 9008 has
‘layed ine prooeesig of the PRBS WRCY data ir
‘Apis 1004 und beyond. G0 to date, v2 anly nave 60
forthe ef evelaing date bevaen the CERES 9-9
the ERG WFOY inrumenl Jorvary and Febrveiy
Daa. The ramsining mons of 1998 shoul become
lable by summer 11898
Figue 3 snows the ime sovos v! FRBS WrO
rmenhy tical mean =W' fe aromatien roo 190
freugs Febuary of 1293, Anomog are rave ne
DES 1087 ERAE ecamer dela period. Figure 3
ingicaloa wnat the WECY ioriied a6 cnctease in
tropaal mean Li fukn eat 1991, Plnaubo aeracls
then fad Yo. raduckon i mid to laa 1201 wih a
Feoovery over he “lltng two years Bock le higher
foros P1289 tough early 1998, In danvary aad
Febevary of 1996, he ERES WOV anomalss are 35
and 79 vat, conaistant itt tha differences seen
‘etween the GAOL ard CERES scanner -W utes

‘Nonscanner Tropical Mean Longwave Ancimaly

<i
i
Time

Fg, 8 Morty maan anomalins of CRBS nonscanner
{WFOY all-sky TOA LH fox avorages! oor 208 0 200,

We took turhar into the WFOVisc ener corparican
by seaming LW tur atorences between tio ERS
(HCY wopical meen and the topleal meena In the
game months from scenning rauiereles on RBS,
ScaRab (Scanner for Fositon Guage) and CERES,
For uanuary and Fobtuary of 1358-1980 for ERBS,
Fecrumry 1995 for See, ana carunry and Fatrvaty

1889 or CES, “he maar and cigma ab shown bel
wen

Topic Coen oan eal BOS-08D_ Auge.
EROS HIrOV - EREE Scanner ae
ERES WIFOV Seafad Ssanrar a
[ERGS PIFOY CERES Scarnat pa

‘Those compas ant hat in lat the ERBS WFO
tine sees ts consistent wih ERBE, SvaPa8. and
(CERES cranres Ley foxes. Jeg the variety in re
1D iontha of EABS WFOV minus ERGS eoanner
compariens, tho D5% cones tound fr 1 mesh a
Wireu - Seatan data te22 Wm’, anc for Ira 2 moms
OINIFOV CERES date 1.8 We, Wa cures nat
the lerge diference beoneon CENCS ana GABE
feanner data ie nol consitent with calbration
Sitfrences belnean the snstumenia. Whon Apc
fvough Acgust 1988 ERS WWFOV dea boeome
Brainble (3 suramer, me 95% confenze ound can
Bo rete fuer SW for CERES scanner and
EADS HFOU compartcn

‘Saul! tha EBS WEOY caliafon nave changed
cover ome euch ny 960 ebseure EHS, SoaFas
find CERES rt mantsosotecalbatcr dere ees?
‘There ae 0 ma te chack Pi Fist the gain o Ihe
iro aetve cay instuments (Teta and $M coanral
Ste veriad by ing Ire WWFOV to monitor cola
Constant every 2 ree ring te at acord For Ne

POM total chaonal, which provides 179 LAY Mux
Fotarmating, the solar zanstant deisrinaticn Ie
fonaree ah avtepping indapendem slat eonsint
‘neaeurerata and ip stale fo. 1 Wen" or less tan
2h for ts ering pete! et 1904-1988. Moro
problematic for ath wewlog with active cavily
Fadirelors fy the mesau-sart ff! or stolevel
"Fhe arse: dooe cnange alow in ne and veried 2p
dean apace lor avery (wn eek. Figure 4 shows tho
tina eee ofthe WEOY Li thx aromas fom Fiu-3
{Gashed inet compared cirechy wih fhe WTOV wel
Shannel siete tres (cold Hew) Suan change
{ie alee secur when te estima a power of
for signleant pois of fms Except fr theeo evan’
lowa the expected slow

From Fig. fea tno

Systamatio dil in ole
2Epaomt corlsion telwasn the WIFOY Toll channel

‘hse tha topital mean LA tix anomlisa Ths
‘amparison again argues rst the deerencos bolwaan
PARE and ERS ere no calbrton dferances.

na sobusinare ol the 2RB9 WFOV and CERCS
‘scanna comparisons. wlll Oacome much. rave
{erwineing when ta ovetlagping #39 ot Apa hough
‘Aunt 1998 bacome ale

{SWROW Tota Channel Ose Wm

WROY Lomgrave Aaomaly Wa)

Tine

Fig. 4 Tine sera of ERBS ronsoanning wie ald ct
‘aw (WEOW) total charnel pone hosel mean
Liv'huc ick ne an tla enannat oso hin in)

5 CONCLUSIONS.

Exaninaton of tlie wieate (ord fr broadband
sadiatve lunes fom CREE, SceFaB, and now CERES
Incestea sn apparent anh th topical an (20S ~
Boh) alley LO dux the top of thn slmoephere
Becerdrg i the SRBS nonscanning Wi tea a view
lati shit egen in arly 1981, ¢ 408 months price
to hu ta) Pinatubo eruption. Flougnly half of the
Changes obaerved in 988 can Ee alain oy the
{Sega ENSO avert but Dy ly and August of 1988, a

NSO sndox ha eturied ta normal; wile CERES
‘roicl mean ashy lowes remain 25 Wr? ghar
than thoes i the EABE petod tom 1995-1000,
Uncrtunatey. a ony have tea onthe af eveHap ot
(CERES and ERES WFOV da 0 dale. The months of
pm 1998 tho.gh August 1988 shoule Eecome
‘at ta next fe marth 9 rhe con tho
‘aeaton te of CERES ro ERBE,

iota, shormave. window) Inaleata tet 2-156
Ineonaleercy In cha abso accuracy cl the CERES
hortvave channel arn tho twee Sr af hela
hamel (alr a al, 19991 ean expla 1 Whi” ofthe
So Hen allsky LO uly and A.puet attrencss
bbeween GAGE ang CERES. This laavea 3.5 Wn"
tnespleined. Far leary apkal mean = fuxos in
‘uly ara August, f Ne appiy the same 1% SI
arection we-cbinn olearehyseerage for CERES «
ERBE of ony 3.4 Wire

How signiicam are these oltereazes quen the
yoarsinyear viabiiy in Juv | August EA= repeal
raen 2M a-aky se cleat fax seen in 1084-1060?
Uaing & Stuaorte-T analei,th 954 confidence vel
ler aly Augus aly LW tepiea zis 21 8,
sar dearly Li piel mean xis LOW, WO
‘enelide Mat Be duty and August CERES sly LA
fhuxas ar wall outside Ihe 95% consenca mi (3.5 «3
2.1 Vim), hile tho strech tae ara wel atin
the centidenen ik 10.5 v8 10 "0m

‘The acrenmnent Ia claereky LW values, ad
‘lsagreement in all-sky Li
stanges in <ioud prop
CEnES une parods ate rassorable for ho difernoss.
UUnorunetay the statistical nigtioarce athe SW TOA
‘hx diferencae bebvesn ERRE and CEHES ero United
by dual samplng noise usieg single spacecrat
‘elnneles. “Graal ivproveN BW seepatone wil
beooine svat wn the lunch of CERES on Tora at
Soaaum (duty 1960) and EOS-PH at -20pra
{Cecamber, 2000), For dl an Aug. the CEHES -
EEABE topica an ally S¥7 Nox dutveaces ate 3.3
sand 1, spective for a @nert sveraga of 29
‘vm, But ee 90% confidence bound arta aang
nolo abn ota monty average 2.3 Win", and the
Groronte isnot sassy signicant. Averaged over
tho danyany Avast penea, CERES - ERBE ropicel
mean St? tox cterance is 28 Wt alla a 35%
Confdenoe bourd of 21 Men® Gut tas alfsonce
inoludes the Inge SSO changas. Indeed, tt may bs
Boreisle Ivot te “uly LW Thx dlarances are lll
Partly ef ‘ential ENSO changes,

UUnortunetaly, ite CEES earner on TRMM
cspananasd an snomaly wih fe votoge converse nd
‘an boon uced sparegy ence September, 1998, Rill
Tol be alana 9 susie cbeervaons unl) Ine CERES
inewument on fen turned on. prouebly Septonbar,
1399, The wat isto ance uso ol Ine TEND and
‘Tara CERES measurements ard to teteby rata
the overlapping ealbralion azote. Meansfils,
SeaRa wae formes in August 1398 ard il prove
Foy binadinad observations of the receel Up Sina
fiat, everie ere urdarwoy Wy ineccaibice Hs

155 and GoaAeS eatrumarts when toe THM and

Fessurs spacial saul 3 slr loa! tne
(orca over 23 days
‘Given hs apparant unaxpeadlchangasinwerical
‘mean UW ux measuted by EARS, SraFaA. and
‘CERES, and qhon tho vapleceaonted seb of tre
‘CERES bruv valbveboy Is el to mata in
the fuse an averiapped eimato. data 1st ot very
te ane sable brondaed fala. Uncrate,
thare fe suronly 99pm plans for the. CERES
tbsarvaions besween tr end of EOS Terra and EOS:
Pi cbsorysanin 2008 and th bagining of CERES
Staerations on NPOESE 'n 20080” The camping
‘itcuties obvious inthe early CEAES stues in tying
‘ovetaban overlap bale Mee 2ABS FOV data and
{CERES seanrer dia wl probably nt alow bing these
timate recards together th eecuracios ruc balle™
‘han 1 ree The ety stably ofthe CERES eearner
rote: han O28 War? argues na oven of stable
‘eutear acenning rdomater dnt shai be capanie
fh ieskng elmata change Al uch righ” ascuraclas
Shproscning ¢28 Him “Cline ina series tn data
‘ape wil sve rany questone, and achiovaacouracios
‘Soar te 2 Wins, marginal fr almateracesreh

of day

6, REFERENCES

arketom B.A, 1964: The Banh radiation bucget
‘Exsariman! (ERE), Bult Amer Metoor Se, €8,
170-1188

nl, DR, K. J Pemstey. and A. N Groen, “9:
eternity the relationship betwoe Ui tial and
‘sincon vigil night radanees tr tne CERES,
Tneunent. AMS 10" Gat an aim. Red, Mace
‘lune 28 ay 21998

Lea, RB. al a 1883 Pretaunch calibrations c the
‘CERES TRMM 90a €OS-AMT spacecal cesar
boionio sensors. JEEE Trans. Geo. and Rem
‘Sens, 38, 17S 18,

Privtley «AB. Loe I, RN. Geesn, 8. Tacs,
nd A & Witon, 1098: Resiomate porarmaree of
the CERES. protogn model on tie. THINK
Spassarat or 1998. AMS 10" Bont an Aum. Fas,
ackon, Wh dune 28-ly 21999,

scum ¥. E and W. C. Shen, 1962. Horizon!
‘aration af inrer coming and the genaralion of
ay avalane potanal oneray.. Jour Atos. Sy
30.6268,

Weinstein, and ¥. €. Sour, 106%: Ansys ot
Gately ined radiation measurements ob 8
Shrek scale on ies, Por 8, 415-425,

wang. LMP. Hatt, 5A. Wackmenn, and: F
‘Young, 1996 Elwels ct 1998 ENSO vent on
outyomg clearsky iengvave radiation over roples!
‘Secure ill reat om CERES. AUS 10" Ca. on
i ad Shadion, Pl Jor 28 = ly 71955

vung, U.P Mins, ©. R Deeling . . Gibsor,
tnd 7. Wong, 1003: Tempo! interpolation ethers
forine SERES rapernenta Appl Met, 37, 87200.