NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20040111434: Cermet Coatings for Solar Stirling Space Power

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by  NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

(Germ Contig fr Solar Sutting Space Power
Donald. Javerste
[NAMA Gleno Roscurch Comer
Clevo, O15
ha
Taylor sack
Wevhentern dens
‘Bement IGN
Abstract
‘ermetcontinge. muvee ats of seta sera, ane Beng considered rhs heat let arb
seta Siting space pone snnsctny, I isolation, the too of de cerel ear, to abso as ch of
th ince solar energy ws ule, Cee eating ave as using sper destin, and terete
sev sorumic combines oxened. ‘he aby osx aotl eax cea hs sonis evel ote the
ppartnig to ler the vomposidon a sar emance ofthese cutinys. evra coma rer
contigs were cies and isicslarsonemance was ccaceriza sy-nalactaed and afer esprones
levated lerperanecs. Coming composinn nas purposely varie throughs theknes of he ating. As

canseguenosof changing cemmescto, nls of val se thought fon ids cerns ras. Cannpaten

radeling nies ha ition of he ran ate payee in

nd Formation his he
sero playa impotent role Inking ila wa plce. Much ofthe sla pes i absoibed 2 it
poses hah hi nbstinth, ‘This per wil cas the vl bsorpion carat Pas doped cermet
cor ungs acc athe ol shsovpionoharatersiee othe waligs afer heating, Peco of dist nd

Islnd fonation during the deat prongs danng hate, wl algo > discus.

Anireduetion

Sting converlors uff a space poser up lav hs praspest a geet hngevi of open
pstaccn mu high rabaon vee econ, th ile decease in pefermanse begining Ho
nd-ainte tn sucha systema solar coremat would concentrate he Sen's scream te Fe lt sae
fu Side soviet surface ould he contd with high nar absorpance ling, The
igh ole absoeptnace coating wank ued ta ope inthe vacua of seace a tuperatinssapplnaching
40°C and wuld ave co ena doa io optical properties a those aerate, Crm cnasings.

oleate rises owl ait cram ore being sows fortis appicaiur, Pyare | shows a ass
cemeepl af Solar Siting convertor, wih th amar Reet absorbing sae wae dhe fora af be corcenan
cost i sent soning nytt concep, the beac absorbing saree pomes 0-40 nt ons

eseteasuts gloved onal prvi fo eae

arly work identities he basic npoucats coded to operas heat engin napa [1], The key wil
components mele we evneontaar, high lor absptaac: coating a he hese surans of te enue,
sna rdinos tying 4 stle opal conn firm, & sua comsentatar cnpable of voexeraing slight

Dea kictr of $00 ike Arower conc

ras negate of tho soar bering utaeo 00a
{ox etic sal vege ogertion ud sf Mee sucorations covty type bel revert ate mote atest
or u heal nin: opening at 259°C ¥ snp anion So ota ie evre karastan, ling

sirulnwously «oo solr sheen, anda hig ifne eine, 6. alate comple the Wat ee

ixoogh ie ber engine jootiag wate bea

Conmet coatings have hesn of et i esl psc applications fr ear pani fo ough,
styl collec. tans anode, a serme- cons stanzas te] mo Jcated ic uresacuatd glass te along
tbr tows of gle, Theat sorbet hy the corner cating is emer 1 Je working td bi the
tarde ibe, Coste Gumby a hy fous or resi soir poser. al coatings manic
fru ike 9nd ick ide have hue shen co Rave an a ri ST". Keocr coatings oFtungaee ae

urns iss Tae be chow so have ae aio a igh as 27 (3

Foc be Sapp ves, she sn dkng iis ema hin plesars Yess The bale ura xb
Tigh terpenes este ath op of Ue presse ea eset owe ueten otha rats,
is tncted oar te button, A tanpstnece gate i stb hy wsosity daw the fenglh ofthe nese
easel. yey a arll yurce bs ose due co conéncton, Vadclingeuggets i his eal hss long he

sll of he pranate seco dew conde som i cmparable Un mga tthe el oss the aon,

I tecanian spouse Lar abyurbn solr energy in of eset, nds of metal re Haugh on

hovng the depossion proves, “chew ind ate eveunlly ocke itn place Wythe econ wate elim
lobyriac “The io of he ila. edema fom arnt eh, andthe ppoationisbation of hand
tur thought tobe responsible forthe cere etng ical propel Tailings Nan ein pres
lows Lory the opt proper fhe natings. 1h i eave in pacticn by alzing a pete
deposition tng ol varying atl nl seas eumpoton, and ying he time snc spateingatcach

scan,

“This pupes pete x suman oF esentsazach, and Aided ate os coins, Coatings w=
vafacaed ilizing a wariety of usa coustuete, alin ay alursaunscxide ceramic, A compete of tot
ss-rarufscur opal propsrtics of ee coatings nie visite ane ified covering the wassengt singe
0f0125 25 wiromaers ie made, Condiete comings on nickel substaces were bjt 0 ean 0s
‘nace, The durbility of bese contiogs ae: beating is eve. and he prossect of ucisrg tse coats
fox sony Siig appetions is isencsed, Finally, comprter mel athe depesicm progns 3s
petfome sizing» Mone Cinl tehmiqae, The depusliry Pres an eranae sniten lon is the

<select isla ina ams mt. ssa

‘Materials ad Metts
2) Coating Destin

‘Tie canna uzingsditeusod ees ers uaonfasod lag jon baw spans depsiion,dcerbed in dea]
ewe Ths coatings we pupossly dssigncd to be rae sck at wri baso and eevamic sch at their
surface. and ds mol and ceramic costinents were purposely graded Mvough ibe thickness of te scting to
romece mec island Fcravion, This was accompished ty having de tiger corstnen (le deel metal
och af shod, uskol tum platim, copper or relvbdemum end thr desoee eetaic such as
furs ons} pln on te umine of cline, with beaten ocoupied by de venue upprnurmN
tsuneo the see ef theses, fail, the fom beam way allowed opr um metal ly, the
pln lg 98 laa dang dealin the competion ute reaingshanged A pe Haein of
crams was exyed the heam at he expense ofthe mob an 2 ‘argrfraetnn of seramie was depasied,
Atte contusion of depositiny, the oo Bea sa inpingng om sere os. To Usury, he eyindical gee

sllowsd fr a intno auraber of waistons in aac and cevmic sominutions tough de ska of the
compet coil, In price, eleven nents postions arouad the cylindrical mgt wer ypivlly wed, sing
the appronimite perce of alin cide sunized im Table J, “Tbe mela comiter ad up Oh

‘ance

neal sas oti on tho gee was 2 possible varuble, Lo mus ane se miu wore spect at
sc losin, ysldng soatng tismesse othe ge of 700 1500 musiek A Deknk protons
‘swipe with a anioud apn wns ued a mace the hich ane cute wnosecouson placed weer
‘te samples ing ceponion, The crime ventings wer sepia on ball iamend-wnsd susinus

ic, 254 oar in dizer, ond yolhed necked mubaialas, applosinately Jom jaar, Semples
propated onthe dimors-tomet atures wer sor aca prepetie cvaleaon, whe simples

epecd om he ick seterates were sate igh tempore ailing snde.

The color abserpance of vah sans at alaated ating a Pekin Els Laid epeclophlonter

quel witha 13 cm deter integrating epee. Tota: relltance vs bsnl Fr auch exe isthe
sopeleng range 6725 625 nevis, The etletnace value aac wavelet sensations
sry ho poe abspane eth avslength andthe abvorctnse vuln wate weigh! wid Lesooetto the air
‘gs 0 anlar peta yield a aplaruaerptave valu, his nlaatical avench uf eceulting solr
solace, he tai independet of experane, ‘hy infrared une tance uf each ssmple as vated
ilicing a Sutto: Opioe Corsantion SUC SU orien reasons eqaipod wits bara opin
fired werecarce we brane rom wach xanple in fe savelougth range of 2 25 misroseen, “Tbe
etieance valve at enh wacelenh sent ron wity ro ed mvnance a tat waeelengb a tae

‘mitiance vals were weighed walk seapet the bask hoy specu a 4S0°C tp ved nt emtnce

val, Ans ustcastal spragck nf alclaing infaed eminance, the vane is dependent on texopeeae

by Haig
Semple honing ae ueconppished under Costing high pity nage iliig the fmace oa Foekin-Rn:oe
Dora diet thal analyo:, Anniv sngte was placed ontop of ro ml grape

naib inte furnace. The dscncooupls apis by ehe mnantienre to mensire teers ne the
furonce ese adjncur othe bee ofthe seins ‘Ibe dese na and soak tempereae poole ay
‘ree wing a progmmmnableconlles “herimp raefor alleles ne 20°Cinin, “Ihe four sie
renrerues elected were: A60-C, SAO%C, 616°, ou 64°C, Thue soak eaperatre forall sumple ae

fom hu, Cool wae actoralsbed evap: tira. cenvetion

1} Conpater Meat
A tece decal cops raat wt developod sale Ue fat atl eb in espe Sl ie
sancti slate sips atv ons and clarabvorson oF he anew leper

{he creator of const ls sed on the keris Mort Calo mato. fllosing elogly the aces

ecxbed by Yang [°. Ths soe ofthe sna. ian erse-deiven pes wc leu in vee si
<epacton and ditfisioo, are procosod atomatey basoé onthe pobabilins of oceurig within a Rute we
step, lndeviual deposi occurs a eg intervel basod oa the deposition et spoofed for both wea aud

‘eric piles, Atte exch deposit venta vaying umber of diffusion event xv procesed based om be

hop ieqercy ot patil ube sure wtb

ition vents reprocessed by ineting ther tl ur serum panicle cote ennai, le actu
jon cpatering ces: earprovialec hy 4 gvine dsehalin of coming anghs ad vbove-atic iajoraen
Tecan. Csi! Uysumice equations are aed in rete majesty ofa parle 4 acansurice poston
into simolarsdfln sepscrod a sana ing Lice “he aye tt f'n experiment iy crate

‘alles Sr actuate eprescuaton ofthe smal tice ines srwson depaiin own

Dutton ous oseuraca varying rte Lenssen ro deposition vents Tue othe sively sal ify at
hy ceramic compared rt bem emapousnt, a modeling appoxination was mae woul preeesseeal
Tints Wet kgvan, Atthe sore fb dificion even is the implementation of suf alga then for
sefetun of sade patil odie along te sulae afte Al. The Auson rte for masrant in sk
Aicetons (att ruin) ae prccunpel, Theil ve oud ua sna ia ae whieh
prozagtcs he oe tet i oor of the es, A stchastis priya bse me the ely

save pices op athe ts tp allowed. That partic ovens ane nis ae yumps ase Cir
‘osm even srobubiies, AY jun i pene he rei duviag pales jump eae updated.
1 fasion events re ropes scene unl the bm: Fara ne’ deposition evel vs rechi. The unzaber
ifsioa events between any he doposiian even pally varies fom 10" 191 haved onthe anaber
mot patsles srl on he autor of the male alt foruador cenpeate “Iya inmaiuns beg
‘sia anal mnhers iis essa yer Sepeson ever and increase rapidly wi rowing wakes of

ara port ete

Rates for sini apa are alee basa om cmodded atom eth (EAM) juny bam: energies fr
ikel tcp [5]. These LAM energie ate prealnlated before he ination aud rely om miler
stategceletion ofa single parle bec im aman, GAM hans energies te courdiauin ssi
pic ex have ach per emery itt ante fom big fo ow crnation tan trom Fe high

oman kiwis alow forthe sallarion of emp ites tel th op beer ever

A soma: si

enave package coutinng tis mele ots wten fo sim the cation of Bese cermin
scoring 0 vareng pution ees of meal and eas, Foumtior tempera, anil deposition time, be
pacing allows for single or utlaie deperstine ats 9 mode ace} deposi conditions and wutotion

Ahonen covets, resend nd weal eile silat cere,

esl nl Diss

1) Coatings

"is int woe ousted iret op

col propels east ia both he vb and the
Jno, Reticence nies ln vanes ofthe akmninu. nick nina peo, copper al

onlghdemura erm costing

st damord-named rman sulsuates, ae sonmpaTzed i Mans 2. A Los
reftzctane in br visible woneapomke wabesaisly sia Kisto(?'s Law to high celts vaso, while a

igh efletaoe ine mfr corespoudsmuheraily via Khebhofs Lew to wlow inured emivarce, A
sharp change: milectanee at 18 muerte edie, coupled with ow relent valance visible ad
Tigh eeecnoce values the infaed, The solr sbsirtines, oth aired ainance, sth of tt nd

the snc lass fr a eontgs sown in Figure 2a summarize in Labbe
In every suse, udm tae at om tempest wn oon os lr, yong bee aus
Honest he epsatngteraperatce oF Ue het ine sarface of the alr Seti conver ie isons to

pst in ah vicinity of 450°C, eae Fare eons ie epaed ac his epee.

1 Hoang:

(Of te se onadace manent, Give wee ejected ts ation eek at high emporates, The akumicunt
compet vas no, put onward fy hating ong he Hw ae pun a lamin, A coo our
temperauser pers elke frhigh omperture evalstion, 460°C, AO%C G1OPC, end G8O*C, “Trt
tempers forall ars wa ons a. der tig mops Asa Bis order aproxinuon, isan of
cee musts hs sera suai ie bought flow an Athos reatoneip. eh the at disioa
dovating ith ach ICSC instene im empertire. Here, sing his simple approach of expmany the samples to
atempersine ang af over 202°C provides im acelaro tnt ofthe uma De custing OP couse,

sce tng est uae ie sl shone contra with etal wating over ng,

Fue sanitize he sla abvorpancy Sail of he costings cbse fon enparauues. In cach css
The abvoepane values before healing wove oonelaten' ito, indicating sai sou de omg:
inital, Otte fve sermet cstings ted dhs optical opens o he nthe crest eatinge decreased
abso ypon bear, all enperates tied, No pattem te eline eta sheorptance 3
‘moet seme, seaptingthacthe deverizracim te pceal prise wosuedealy in the hey
process aa any ili of enol causing the decerionision in wpe poparica was complet na very
Sort ine, The tn owning cron cogs enbbinneirhle post cating optical chante, thst
coving aus sa anyon, Horne rk ur Un desTopusat of amt: cacy ue high

semper ability fa.

3) Crmputr Modeling
la as peor en 2 100 ware 20 ui i best for il seconds 3: 200 K,
Depesiner ries sre puipoely vie broghou he velation. Metal deposition ets are fae 790

pices neva pe esoud 2 panelev nee pe wecord, Cormi deseo ites vied bu Opals
Inj pr sesond 10 2500 paris injected per second. These parastcte seo szalod ts accu -sprescat
a ueosoemof au experancunllyersted sonnet im 2400 angenoms this aputsted over 77 mates, typical
cf those ally odaced. The 100 190 unt nie of he wizalated im wae sleesl to reduce compuler

rocesing ie co approvimarely 3 axes on o vommmonly wvadable dskcap computer

‘Siauiaons ofthe cermt Sh grouth chow ursng vines un shupey oF 3D lands, Growth lds 5
‘enti ee highly terete seve [5] At oma fempertires bly 20K ral tl alma
ser bal ney rc ans atresia ls a le pth
wid astey ae ule Trg aru Din Ie eases asta 0 Maher erperae, vel

etal ihn the ant cana: highly wisn ing ay Hl fa ta eeu
rah gs“ int cent ins, Mn opal the sire lms vars unr ico ict
‘e0ee-ceetions of hs n:as sos in Figs 4, oft Tealug to wa ilar pea an coramie valleys in is

‘stil uopology of tho tilm as écan i Figur #

‘Computer coasss ofthese ms ea aun absorpsomcoelisint or uayer etm. revo eons have
‘beens in ote nds a Seve a paclar efective propery (e.g, delecnicfustiem or conductivg) Zor
meni Iye,boseve ths surthod sony pana festive a cevenbicg pacal ropes [6]. Aaiteove
sys model bus beeaadoped wo generate ite ubomion values of wall cells of piles wire ler
‘ele ese tls lo complete am over aur pte [5.7] “Taal amp cledans nse te
soft boticins Hinetuas ie Meet Goterto awageman eins ute tora eens
loci ft 81. Yer tne eel lees fin sla les ue lb dese eapraly
ea fem sagutely, Hunter el a descr he wplulgy of cme e Fe >Bsuin ie
optics popovies, note poral use conv reason rai ache spective vations a

Acietie function for aay est el 6.

"av anyessades puters anny mll met woes diel or bompen, Absorption for aml eli.
alee aac on the preston of mi paral rele iletes 2 he oral zomber of plea

Feorfaeu nthe el. Ae Then eomtinas lay th la ache cll was Bren he comme,
loci von tor abeortomae calle ao Uw edividual dentin vance ae as crgod co Fn dhs toa
absorption ye, Ihe xve af Ue als eated yarameta ahs sofeems, i zapresenaio of de wavelet
rls napmng othe ein, Shale els walking drought x are ancloyeus te vse it while
larg ell wang tnoogh he matris ars analogous tthe infared, The macrosropic uaserper: ules re
ft Us soos cows epeseanes af ue cola baouptnseof aa individ di, Rather they re
eausmely asf Fa conporog he rslive ala absompan of cermet layer of woes vormsinnns ar

notphologics.

Analyse of aodel-derive cerns of varying semposiions vi) foraton eens ediars a stone
omelets beeen zomuiniogIngscale bya fume bors ae oils, A
‘unereacpie veil lice of ch ha shown r gure 8 reveabsoctsrutae, This bye somes
{ul epecrum igs pss hong supper je, al owande tho Hower ayes of he fo th ight i sgt
mong te any eure here mln the abet thos plas, Tas itis inpona eat gs slants de
el cum etely cles fa lage Nose meta. as his create a more eectve sol sare ue uppused

loan sbvorten iby

Th nln recut of «il, and ta eration room sa wo lnge lms doin Uo gh he hikes of Ube
Fi, exh paisa salen absorpdon, Abeepton nah of the incl layer usu sila
Fin show & somo pris a cen in Figure 6, “The uppermost ers cust ae ke the wc, sing
roy compeeed of eermnic, Layer abscrplion increate ving (orth on ofthe mati, peaking at
tho layer wh dhe highest talon intenie proportion. “ibs lover fy ypealy Cael tec Ge to
‘neeury peter of terra big up tam the Bolom ofthe mrt. The Tes ayes sew a deat €2eeas0
in sbompion dene ther bagh mel ation which fre 9 rete awn cu light The sbaception profes

Soc lays nse im evra ut se iinet fo avi anya ell sacs,

Constesons,
Connet costings, wisleeular mms of sets and cen, ere prepared ving sper cep. Fae

custom made clindscal migets ef metal (hurrnu, mel ian, plain, gape, mc ane) a
cai (alum asi. The esrogs wer opeally 200 mnogo 56am fuck, Refeetanee wna aeasered
over the warsleghrig of 6.25 r0.25 meron, wn the solr absontnce amd infeed ousitance wee
trlelata foreach esi tye, Cena cutngs contig tmnt or mulplalanu ou dinondimne
slonizem shrats, a to highest solar shsowance, et 0.93, Ig leper expose of verme atngs
oposite’ un ple nickel bette vee athe tale rama hn src ating vet ao
Azole at kengeteturs 2 high vs 670% wer oming neem, ur shor drains, This seven
sorts tha eve crm contigs could he dare a: leet of 450°. or ong drains Ths sols

bworplane of ni cand vers eoatngs wef o ks durable a elevated temperate.

‘festa oematon in the seramis mati cg 2 he fvrsion of lbh stars ough te

‘hicks ofthe fas tho:gh oe responaibis Yor the vad solr abserptance sarssreites. & compat
sl yas develope to sl he fo beam speller Jepson process and ly show ans Snauion fs
savin, The compe kl fa cat ey to land formations ffi uf We ws patel ve ths
uosng sic o the in, witha coalescny tal zane Being Iyeka inn plac by de nmi
crams covstvem, Ineo, 110 1 eifsien eveus cece ter vac dante event, The crs me
lua provides vote tn eleulats au absoeptna cote bust or the tumbr of eta patil eta
spaciceinertives tu walking box enone within thems. 1h clelaed a>semptir eotTiica

caches rtimurn als aa postion amovinacly tear perce above De coating beta inate

Sdemitying thes. of susan sill ~ esa uae

‘thon Ela mslosolor nexturs Corsini of ati an uoioun 31d, molyoderum and sland,
fer te ost prggost for uses he test inlet snfve of «soar Stig convertor Sook e souvent aay
rorde corgy cw sprnirftdesignad fr igh radon dcr orbits, ual my est erst Langesty of

operation wth ite de norton n penfrmunce fo ining of to end-f Wis