NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 19980203590: Journal of Air Transportation World Wide, Volume 3, No. 1. Volume 3 PDF
Preview NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 19980203590: Journal of Air Transportation World Wide, Volume 3, No. 1. Volume 3
NASA/CR- / q _ 208347 Volume 3, Number 1 - 1998 The Proposed International Aeronautical Ruwantissa 1.R. Abeyratne Monetary Fund-Legal and Practical Implications Intermodal Airport-to-City-Center Passenger Henry R. Lehrer and Transportation at the 20 Largest U.S. Air Carrier Aimee Freeman Airports: The Past, Present, and Future Human Factors: Tenerife Revisited John McCreary, Michael Pollard, Kenneth Stevenson and Marc B. Wilson Aviation/Aerospace Teacher Education Mavis F. Green Workshops: Program Development and Implementation Air Transport Liberalization in Europe: Peter Morrell The Progress So Far Towards an International Open Skies Regime: Rex S. Toh Advances, Impediments, and Impacts Trends in Airline Labor Productivity and Fari ba Alamdari Cost in Europe Editorial Board Membership onthe JATWW Editorial Board is Abe Harraf by invitation and approval of the board. This Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University appointment should be viewed as professional Dean Headley recognition of significant career achievement Wichita State University and high academic/industry distinction. Appli- William Hiscock cants will generally be senior faculty members Montana Space Grant Consortium (graduate faculty standing where applicable), or persons who have attained substantial indus- Lofli Kaabi try or public service achievement inthe case of lnstitut Regional des Sciences Informatiques practitioner members. Term of appointment is et des Telecommunications, Tunisia three years with opportunity to request re- Igor Kabashkin newal. For membership consideration, submit Riga Aviation University, Latvia a curriculum vita or industry resume and state- Gary Kiteley ment of interest to: Dr. Brent Bowen, Editor. University Aviation Association Ramesh Agarwal Hart Langer Wichita State University United Airlines Ballard Barker Mike Lavelle Florida Institute of Technology The Boeing Company Brent Bowen Henry Lehrer University of Nebraska at Omaha University of Nebraska at Omaha Tim Brady Frank Mitchell Central Missouri State University Wichita State University Thomas Carney Mac McClure Purdue University Oklahoma State University Larry Carstenson C. Elaine McCoy University of Nebraska at Kearney Ohio State University Tom Connolly Graeme McDowal Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Air New Zealand E. Julius Dasch Phillip Moore NASA Headquarters University of Newcastle, Australia David Downing Kamal Naguib Kansas Space Grant Consortium World Aerospace Education Organization Gerry Fairbairn David NewMyer Daniel Webster College Southern Illinois University at Carbondale John Fitzpatrick Tae Oum College of Aeronautics, New York University of British Columbia Laurence Gesell Korham Oyman Arizona State University Jordan University of Science and Technology Atef Ghobrial N Thomas Stephens Georgia State University Florida Institute of Technology Vishwa Gupta Kim Stevens Bandku Aerospace Pvt. Ltd., India Nebraska Department of Aeronautics Guy Smith Abdul Wahab Teffaha Northwest Airlines Arab Air Carriers Organization Scott Hamilton Kenneth Williams Civil Air Patrol, Maxwell AFB Oklahoma State University Journal of Air Transportation World Wide Volume 3, Number 1 - 1998 ISSN Number: 1093-8826 Journal of Air Transportation World Wide Vol. 3, Number 1- 1998 Brent D. Bowen, Editor ©1998, Aviation Institute, University of Nebraska at Omaha Published by: Aviation Institute University of Nebraska atOmaha 6001 Dodge Street Omaha, Nebraska 68182-0508 USA Phone: (402) 554-3424 Fax: (402) 554-3781 E-mail] journal@ fa-cpacs, unomaha.edu World Wide Web] http://cidunomaha.edu/-unoai/journal Printed by: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Printing Services Published as a not-for-profit service of the Aviation Institute. Funded in part by a grant from the NASA Space Grant College and Fellowship Program. University of Nebraska at Omaha TheUniversityofNebraskadoesnotdiscriminateinitsacademic, employmentoradmissionpoliciesandabidesbyallfederal,state andresentalregulationspertainingtosame About the Journal of Air Transportation World Wide The Journal of Air Transportation Worm Wide's (JATWW) mission isto pro- vide the global community immediate key resource information in all areas of air transportation. Our goal isto be recognized as the preeminent scholarly jour- nal inthe aeronautical aspects of transportation. As an international and interdis- ciplinary journal, the JATWWwill provide a forum for peer-reviewed articles in all areas of aviation and space transportation research, policy, theory, case study, practice, and issues. While maintaining abroad scope, a focal point of the jour- nal will be in the area of aviation administration and policy. Development: The JA TWW was conceptualized to fulfill an international void of scholarly publications inthis area as identified by the primary organizers. It isenvisioned that aviation leaders will utilize the JATWW as a key decision-making tool. Scholarly rigor and standard will be uncompromised with regular evaluation by the Editorial Board and Panel of Reviewers. Scope: The JA TWWwill accept manuscripts on all topics that relate toairtransporta- tion, both technical and non-technical. The Panel of Reviewers represent the interdisciplinary nature of air transportation to ensure review by recognized experts. Broad categories of appropriate topics include, but are not limited to: Aviation Administration, Management, Economics, Education, Policy, Engineering, Technology, and Science Intermodal Transportation Aerospace Education and Flight Airports and Air Traffic Control Air Transportation Systems: Domestic, International, Comparative Aviation/Aerospace Psychology, Human Factors, Safety, and Human Resources Avionics, Computing, and Simulation Space Transportation Safety, Communications, and the Future Other areas of air and space transportation research, policy, theory, case study, practice, and issues Dissemination: The JA TWWis catalogued at key research libraries world wide, including the U.S. Library of Congress. It is also indexed inAviation Tradescan, the National Research Council TRIS Index, and ERIC Resources in Education. In addition, theJATWWis available through inter-library loan at the University of Nebraska at Omaha Library and the Riga Aviation University in Latvia via accessing the About theJournal ofAir Transportation World Wide global OCLC inter-library loan network. A permanent archive is maintained at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. Annual subscriptions are available for $35 for individuals and $68 for institutions. For subscriptions outside the U.S. add $20. Payments may be made by check or purchase order to the UNO Avia- tion Institute. Host Organization: University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO) -- Nancy Belck, Chancellor; Ernest Peck, Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs Co-Sponsor Organizations: American Society for Public Administration -- Van Johnston, Chair Trans- portation Section Air Transport Research Group -- Tae Oum, Chair NASA Kansas Space Grant Consortium -- David Downing, Director NASA Nebraska Space Grant Consortium -- Brent Bowen, Director NASA Space Grant College and Fellowship Program, Aeronautics Working Group -- Julius Dasch, Program Manager Riga Aviation University, Latvia -- Boris Heimanis, Rector World Aerospace Education Organization -- Kamal Naguib, Chairman Supporting Organizations: Aviation Institute, UNO -- Brent Bowen, Director Center for Public Affairs Research, UNO -- Russell Smith, Director College of Public Affairs and Community Service, UNO -- David Hinton, Dean Department of Public Administration, UNO -- B.J. Reed, Chair University Library, UNO -- Robert Runyon, Director JATWW Personnel: Editor: Brent Bowen, Aviation Institute, UNO Co-Editor: Igor Kabashkin, Riga Aviation University, Latvia Assistant Editor: Fred Hansen, Aviation Institute, UNO World Wide Web Coordinator: Scott Vlasek, Aviation Institute, UNO System Supervisor: Tim Himberger, College of Public Affairs and Community Service, UNO Library Liaisons/Advisors: Carol Zoerb and Mel Bohn, University Library, UNO Publication Specialists: Joyce Carson, Layout and Melanie Hayes, Copy Editor, Center for Public Affairs Research, UNO; Marian Gramlich, Public Relations, UNO; Michaela Schaaf, Stylistic Reviewer, NASA Nebraska Space Grant Consortium, UNO; Amanda Talmadge, Market- ing Consultant Panel of Reviewers Reviewers are appointed by the Editor to represent all elements of aviation and space transportation scholarship and practice. An appointment to the Panel of Reviewers recognizes professional and academic achievement. For member- ship consideration, submit a curriculum vita or statement of interest to: Dr. Brent Bowen, Editor. Members: Densel Acheson Alexander Kalmykov University of Nebraska at Omaha AMR SABRE. Fariba Alamdari John M.C. King Cranfield University, England Air New Zealand Herbert Armstrong Kyung-Sup Lee Dowling College Korean Air Kenneth Barnard Jacqueline Luedtke Kansas State University Utah State University Jon L Bryan Rebecca Lutte Bridgewater State College University of Nebraska atOmaha Gall F Butler Keith Mason Dowling College St. Cloud State University Gerald Chubb William C. McCurry Ohio State University Arizona State University James Crehan Pat McKinzie University of Alaska Mankato State University Sergey Doroshko A Keith Mew Riga Aviation Universit2,, Latvia California State University - Los Angeles Alexander Fedotov Terry Michmerhuizen Riga Aviation University, Latvia Parker Bertea Aerospace, Michigan E.Terence Foster Boris Mishnev University of Nebraska- Lincoln Riga Aviation University, Latvia Terry Gibbs Gary Northam University of Nebraska at Kearney Saint Louis University Mavis Green YS. Park University of Illinois, Savoy Korean Air Scott ttall Manoj Patankar Chicago Express Airlines San Jose State University William C. tterrick Stephen Quilty Middle Tennessee State University Bowling Green State University Jeff Johnson Dawna Rhoades University of Nebraska atOmaha Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Panel of Reviewers DutchSieR. iggsby Victor Ujimoto ColumbCuosllege University of Guelph, Canada RobeFr.Rt ipley Bijan Vasigh Auburn University Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University David Roy Liz Ward Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University NASA Langley Research Center Stephen M. Rutner Thomas Weitzel Georgia Southern University Trans World Airlines Inc. Vadim Stroitlev Malcolm Yeo Riga Aviation University, Latvia Edith Cowan University, Australia Hope Thornburg Jule Zumwalt St. Cloud State University World Aerospace Education Organization Mary Ann Turney Dowling College Table of Contents Volume 3, Number 1 -- 1998 Articles The Proposed International Aeronautical Monetary Fund -- Legal and Practical Implications ............... 1 Ruwantissa LR. Abeyratne Intermodal Airport-to-City-Center Passenger Transportation at the 20 Largest U.S. Air Carrier Airports: The Past, Present, and Future .......................... 12 Henry R. Lehrer and Aimee Freeman Human Factors: Tenerife Revisited ................... 23 John McCreary, Michael Pollard, Kenneth Stevenson, and Marc B. Wilson Aviation/Aerospace Teacher Education Workshops: Program Development and Implementation ............. 32 Mavis F. Green Special Section: Air Transport Research Group Conference, Vancouver, B.C. Guest Editor: Tae Oum Air Transport Liberalization in Europe: The Progress So Far ...... 42 Peter Morrell Towards an International Open Skies Regime: Advances, Impediments, and Impacts ...................... 61 Rex S. Toh Trends in Airline Labor Productivity and Cost in Europe ........ 71 Fariba Alamdari Index of Past Issues ............................. 89 Guidelines for Manuscript Submission .................. 91 Order Form ................................. 95 JournalofAirTransportationWorldWide Vol3 No1 1998 Page JournalofAirTransportationWorldWide Vol.3, No.1 (cid:150) 1998 THE PROPOSED INTERNATIONAL AERONAUTICAL MONETARY FUND (cid:151) LEGAL AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Ruwantissa I.R. Abeyratne Montreal, Canada ABSTRACT TheproposedinternationalaeronauticalmonetaryfundhasitsgenesisintheLatinAmericanCivil AviationCommission(LACAC)whichproposedtheinaugurationofthefundtofinanceairnaviga- tionservicesprovidedbythesatellitebasedCommunications,Navigation,Surveillance/AirTraffic Management(CNS/ATM)system.ItwastheconsensusofLACACthatthefundshouldbecreated byinternationalagreementwithaninternationalbankestablishedtoreceiveandadministerthe financingoftheCNS/ATM.Theoverridingprincipleoftheaeronauticalmonetaryfundremained thatitsadministrationshouldbesupervisedbytheInternationalCivilAviationOrganization.This paperwillintroducetheconceptualandpracticalevolutionoftheaeronauticalmonetaryfundfrom itsinceptiontodateandanalyzeitslegalandpracticalimplicationsforthefutureofcivilaviation. INTRODUCTION Theproposedinternationalaeronauticalmonetaryfundhasitsgenesisinthe LatinAmericanCivilAviationCommission(LACAC)which,atitsPanelmeet- ingon13(cid:150)14June1994heldinSalvador,Brazil,proposedtheinaugurationof thefundtofinanceairnavigationservicesprovidedbythesatellitebasedCom- munications, Navigation, Surveillance/Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) system. ItwastheconsensusofLACACthatthefundshouldbecreatedbyinter- nationalagreementandthattheentitywhichwouldreceiveandadministerthe financing of the CNS/ATM system under the fund should be an international bankestablishedforthatpurpose. Theoverridingprincipleoftheaeronautical monetaryfundremained,however,thatitsadministrationshouldbesupervised bytheInternationalCivilAviationOrganization(ICAO).1 TheLACACinitiativewasinresponsetotheintroductionofsatellitetech- nology to future air navigation systems which ICAO has been energetically involvedinsince1993.2 Thesenewairnavigationsystemswouldbeoperated throughasatellitenetworkdedicatedtotheairtransportindustry. Inorderto ensuresuchanexclusivededicationtoairtransportusersofasatellitesystem, thecoststhathavetobeincurredwouldalsobesubstantial. Thesecoststhat wouldenablethetransitionofairnavigationfromcurrentlyusednavigationsys- temstosatellitetechnologywouldhavetobeabsorbedbyafundingsourcein '1998,AviationInstitute,UniversityofNebraskaatOmaha
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