NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 19980201621: Summaries of the Sixth Annual JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop. Volume 1; AVIRIS Workshop

248 Pages·14.4 MB·English

by  NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

JPL Publication 96-4, Vol. 1
Summaries of the Sixth Annual JPL
Airborne Earth Science Workshop
March 4-8, 1996
Volume 1. AVlRlS Workshop
Robert 0.G reen
Editor
March 4, 1996
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California
This publication was prepared by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration.
Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade
name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its
endorsement by the United States Government or the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Techhology.
ABSTRACT
This publication contains the summaries for the Sixth Annual JPL Airborne Earth
Science Workshop, held in Pasadena, California, on March 4-8/1996. The main
workshop is divided into two smaller workshops as follows:
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)
workshop, on March 4-6. The summaries for this workshop
appear in Volume 1.
The Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) workshop, on
March 6-8. The summaries for this workshop appear in Volume 2.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
-
MODTRAN Cloud and Multiple Scattering Upgrades with Application
...........................................................................................................................
to AVIRIS 1 4
A. Berk, L. S. Bernstein, D. C. Robertson, P. K. Achaya, G. P. Anderson,
and J. H. Chetwynd
-'
....................................................................
Mineral Mapping with 1995 AVIRIS Data 9
Joseph W. Boardman and Jonathan F. Huntington
Atmospheric Pre-Corrected Differential Absorption Techniques to Retrieve
Columnar Water Vapor: Theory and Simulations. ...................................................1 3 3
P_h
Christoph C. Bore1 and Daniel Schliipfer
Discrimination of Low Levels of Green Vegetation Cover Using a
Zf
...............................................................
High Spectral Resolution Vegetation Index 23 *
Zhikang Chen, Christopher D. Elvidge, and David P. Groeneveld
Monitoring Seasonal Dynamics of Arid Land Vegetation Using AVIRIS Data .... 29 "fa.-- =
Zhikang Chen, ~hristopheDr . Elvidge, and David P. Groeneveld
Calibration of the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer in the
....................................................................................................................... -&
Laboratory 39
Thomas G. Chrien, Robert 0. Green, Christopher J. Chovit, Michael L. Eastwood,
and Charles M. Sarture
Evolution in Imaging Spectroscopy Analysis and Sensor Signal-to-Noise:
An Examination of How Far We Have Come ............................................................ 49 0-7
Roger N. Clark and Gregg A. Swayze
Mapping Surficial Geology, Vegetation Communities, and Environmental
Materials in Our National Parks: The USGS Imaging Spectroscopy,
Integrated Geology, Ecosystems, and Environmental Mapping Project ............... 55 -9
Roger N. Clark, Gregg A. Swayze, Larry Rowan, Eric Livo, and Ken Watson
A Comparison of Image Processing Methods for Alteration Mapping
........................................................... 9
at Bodie, California, Using 1992 AVIRIS Data 57
Alvaro P. Crbsta, Charles Sabine, and James V. Taranik
Mapping Hydrothermally Altered Rock on Mount Rainier, Washington: -4s a
.............................
Application of AVIRIS Data to Volcanic Hazard Assessments 63
James K, Crowley and David R. Zimbelman
Surveying Dead Trees and C0,-Induced Stressed Trees Using AVIRIS in the
.......................................................................................................
Long Valley Caldera 6 7 4
Steven M. de Jong
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Mapping Volcanic Gas Emissions in the Mammoth Mountain Area
Using AVIRIS .................................................................................................................. 75 -/A-
Steven M. de Jong and Thomas G. Chrien
Predictive Modelling of AVIRIS Performance Over Inland Waters .......................8 3 4'- 63
A. G. Dekker and H. J. Hoogenboom
A Ground Truthing Method for AVIRIS Overflights Using Canopy
47
.........................................................................................................
Absorption Spectra 93
John A. Gamon, Lydia Serrano, Dar A. Roberts, and Susan L. Ustin
Understanding Unmixed AVIRIS Images in Cuprite, NV, Using Coincident -
/
Hydice Data .....................................................................................................................9 7 /5
Alexander F. H. Goetz and Bruce Kindel
Estimation of Biomass Fire Temperature and Areal Extent from Calibrated
.............................................................................................................
AVIRIS Spectra 105 -/
Robert 0. Green
In-Flight Calibration and Validation of the Airborne Visible/Infrared
................................................................................ d7
Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) 115
Robert 0. Green, James E. Conel, Jack Margolis, Chris Chovit, and Jessica Faust
-/r
Retrieval of Surface Snow Grain Size and Melt Water from AVIRIS Spectra ..... 127
Robert 0. Green and Jeff Dozier
Characterization and compensation of the Atmosphere for the Inversion of
7
AVIRIS Calibrated Radiance to Apparent Surface Reflectance. ............................ 135 -1
Robert 0. Green, Dar A. Roberts, and James E. Conel
.........................................................
Coastal Bathymetry from Hyperspectral Data 147
Ronald J. Holyer and Juanita C. Sandidge
Defining the Interdependence of Volcanism, Tectonism, and Fluid Availability
in the Formation of Epithermal Mineralization at Aurora-Bodie CA/NV Using
AVIRIS Data ..................................................................................................................1 49 -2/
Trude V.V .K ing, Byron R. Berger, Ian Ridley, and Roger N.C lark
The 1995 AVIRIS Geology Group Shoot ................................................................... 155 -ZL
Fred A. Kruse and Jonathan F. Huntington .
,
Preliminary Analysis of AVIRIS Data for Tectonostratigraphic Assessment of
Northern Guerrero State, Southern Mexico. .............................................................1 65 -2-3
Harold R. Lang and Enrique Cabral-Cano
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Determining Forest Species Composition Using High Spectral Resolution
Remote Sensing Data ................................................................................................. 167 -2 f
M. E. Martin, S. D. Newman, J. D. Aber, and R. G. Congalton
Quantitative Comparison of Neural Network and Conventional Classifiers
.........................................................................................
for Hyperspectral Imagery 171 -2 5-
Erzse'bet Mere'nyi, James V.T aranik, Tim Minor, and William H. Farrand
Surface and Atmospheric Parameter Retrieval from AVIRIS Data:
The Importance of Non-Linear Effects .....................................................................1. 75 -2b
Jose F. Moreno and Robert 0. Green
Subpixel Snow-Covered-Area and Snow Grain Size from Mixture Analysis
with AVIRIS Data ......................................................................................................... 185 7
"J
Thomas H. Painter, Dar A. Roberts, Robert 0.G reen, and Jeff Dozier
Algal Accessory Pigment Detection Using AVIRIS Image-Derived Spectral
............................................................................................................... 3
Radiance Data 189 wd
Laurie L. Richardson and Vincent G. Ambrosia
Mapping Chaparral in the Santa Monica Mountains Using Multiple Spectral
Mixture Models. ............................................................................................................ 197- 2 f'
D. A. Roberts, M. Gardner, R. Church, S. Ustin, G. Scheer, and R. 0. Green
Monitoring Forest Regrowth Using a Multi-Platform Time Series. ...................... 203 -3 0
Donald E. Sabol Jr., Milton 0. Smith, John B. Adams, Alan R. Gillespie,
and Compton J. Tucker
-
Atmospheric Pre-Corrected Differential Absorption Techniques to Retrieve
Columnar Water Vapor: Application to AVIRIS 91/95 Data .................:.. ........... 209 3 /
Daniel Schlapfer, Christoph C. Borel, Johannes Keller, and Klaus I. Itten
The Hyperspectral Imager Aboard the SSTI's Lewis Spacecraft:
.......................................................................................
A Comparison with AVIRIS 219--3&
James K. Sokolowski, Kern Witcher, Bruce A. Davis, and Robert 0. Green
Surface Reflectance Retrieval from AVIRIS Data Using a Six-Dimensional
.............................................................................................................. -23
Look-Up Table 223
K. Staenz, D. J. Williams, and B. Walker
Mapping Acid-Generating Minerals at the California Gulch Superfund
......................................
Site in Leadville, Colorado Using Imaging Spectroscopy 231-3
Gregg A. Swayze, Roger N. Clark, Ronald M. Pearson, and K. Eric Livo
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
-
Estimating Canopy Water Content of Chaparral Shrubs using Optical - r
Methods ....................................................................................................... ................. 235 -5#+2
Susan L. Ustin, George Scheer, Claudia M. Castaneda, Stephane Jacquemoud,
Dar Roberts, and Robert 0. Green
MODTRAN CLOUD AND MULTIPLE SCATTERING UPGRADES
WITH APPLICATION TO AVIFUS
A. Berk, L. S. Bernstein, D. C. Robertson, and P. K. Acharya
Spectral Sciences, Inc., 99 South Bedford St.,
Burlington, MA 01803
G. P. Anderson and J. H. Chetwynd
Phillips Laboratory, Geophysics Directorate
Hanscom AFB, MA 0173 1
1. INTRODUCTION
Characterization of surface properties from AVIRIS measurements is hampered by atmospheric
attenuation and path radiances. MODTRAN (Berk et al., 1989), the Air Force PLIGeophysics Directorate
moderate spectral resolution (2 cm-') background radiance and transmission model, is often used to account for
the atmospherics in AVIRIS measurements. It rapidly predicts the molecular and aerosoVcloud emissive and
scattered contributions to observed radiances along with the atmospheric attenuation. MODTRAN has been
extensively validated against both measurements and the high spectral resolution FASCODE (Clough et al., 1988)
model.
MODTRAN4, currently under development, contains two new features which greatly improve predictive
capabilities under cloudy andor heavy aerosol loading conditions. It allows a user to explicitly define water and
ice cloud vertical profiles and spectral data either by scaling the default model clouds or by defining a new model
cloud. MODTRAN4 also introduces a Correlated-k (CK) capability which significantly improves the accuracy of
the multiple scattering radiance calculations. In the following sections, a discussion of the MODTRAN4 upgrades
and an initial validation by comparison to airborne measurements of a solar illuminated cumulus cloud top are
presented. Finally, the effect of the CK approach for two AVIRIS scenarios is demonstrated.
2. MODTRAN CLOUDIRAIN MODELS UPGRADE
The MODTRAN cloudfrain models have been upgraded (Berk, 1995) and now allow for generalized
specification of layering and optical and physical properties as well as the presence of multiple overlapping and
non-overlapping clouds. The cloud models affected are all of the cumulus and stratus type clouds, both with and
without rain. This includes MODTRAN cloudrain models 1 through 10. The cirrus models 17-19 only required
improved layering. The cloud model upgrades include:
adjustable cloud parameters,
-
thickness, altitude, vertical extinction, column amounts, humidity, and scattering phase functions,
decoupling of the clouds from aerosols,
introduction of ice particles,
user-defined water droplet, ice particle and rain rate profiles,
user-defined cloud spectral properties, and
* output of cloudrain profiles and spectral data to tape6 (NOPRT = -1).