NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 19940028684: Mars: Past, Present, and Future. Results from the MSATT Program, part 1

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MARS: PAST, PRESENT, AND
. ?UTURE RESULTS FROM
THE MSATT PROGRAM
MSATT
Mars Surface and Atmosphere Through Time
(NASA-CR-194279) MARS: PAST, N94-33190
PRESENT, AND FUTURE. RESULTS FROM --THRU--
THE MSATT PROGRAM, PART I Abstracts N9#-33240
Unclas
Only (Lunar and Planetary Inst.)
66 p
G3/gZ 0008630
LPI Technical Report Number 93-06, Part 1
Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113
LPI/TR--93-06, Part 1
-v
2
r__r._-
MARS: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE--
RESULTS FROM THE MSATT PROGRAM
Edited by
R. M. Haberle
Convened by
The MSATI" Steering Committee
Held at
Houston, Texas
November 15-17, 1993
Sponsored by
Mars Surface and Atmosphere Through Time (MSATT) Study Group
Lunar and Planetary Institute
Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058- I 113
LPI Technical Report Number 93-06, Part 1
LPI/TR--93-06, Part 1
Compiled in 1993 by
LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE
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as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication.
This report may be cited as
Haberle R. M., ed. (1993) Mars: Past Present, and Future--Results from the MSATT Program. LPI Tech. Rpt. 93-06,
Part I, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. 58 pp-
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LPI Technical Report 93-06, Part 1 iii
Preface
This volume contains papers that have been accepted for presentation at
the workshop on Mars: Past, Present, and Future--Results from the MSATT
Program, November 15-17, 1993, in Houston, Texas. The Program Commit-
tee consisted of J. Bell (NASA Ames Research Center), R. Haberle (NASA
Ames Research Center), S. Lee (University of Colorado), B. Schuraytz
(Lunar and Planetary Institute), and K. Tanaka (U.S. Geological Survey,
Flagstaff).
Logistics and administrative and publications support were provided by
the Publications and Program Services Department staff at the Lunar and
Planetary Institute.
71D
LPl Technical Report 93-06, Part I v
PAGE BLANK NOT FILMEO
Contents
Depth-Diameter Ratios for Martian Impact Craters: Implications for Target Properties
and Episodes of Degradation
N. G. Barlow
_I°°_e._°_._.._f_°4°H_*_'_.._.'_..._I4°_._°_4_4*_ .... '''''°°''*'H''°°°''''°°'OOQOOHI,HI_,°4_°,,, ] _ /
Stationary Eddies in the Mars General Circulation as Simulated by the NASA-Ames GCM
J. R. Barnes, J. B. Pollack, and R. M. Haberle .................................................................................. 2 -2.
Thermal Emission Measurements (5-25 I.an) of Hawaiian Palagonitic Soils with
Implications for Mars
J. F. Bell III and T. L. Roush .............................................................................................................. 2 -3
Thermal Studies of Martian Channels and Valleys Using Termoskan Data: New Results
B. H. Betts and B. C. Murray ............................................................................................................. 3 ?'
The Importance of Environmental Conditions in Reflectance Spectroscopy of
Laboratory Analogs for Mars Surface Materials
J. Bishop, S. Murchie, S. Pratt, J. Mustard, and C. Pieters ............................................................... 4 -
Ferric Sulfate Montmorillonites as Mars Soil Analogs
J. L. Bishop, C. M. Pieters, and R. G. Burns ................................................................. i"................. 6
Constraints on the Martian Cratering Rate Imposed by the SNC Meteorites and
Vallis Marineris Layered Deposits
J. Brandenburg ................................................................................................................................... 8 7
Deposition Rates of Oxidized Iron on Mars
R. G. Burns ....................................................................................................................................... I0 _;
MARSNET: A European Network of Stations on the Surface of Mars
A. F. Chicarro .................................................................................................................................... I2-_cr-
?
Mars Atmospheric Dust Properties: A Synthesis of Mariner 9, Viking, and
Phobos Observations
R. 7".Clancy, S. W. Lee, and G. R. Gladstone .................................................................................. 14 -34"-
Magmatic Volatiles and the Weathering of Mars
B. C. Clark ........................................................................................................................................ 15-8-e:
//
Thermal and Hydraulic Considerations Regarding the Fate of Water Discharged by
! the Outflow Channels to the Martian Northern Plains
S. M. Clifford .................................................................................................................................... 16-/_:3_
vi Results from the MSATT Program
T
Regional Sedimentological Variations Among Dark Crater Floor Features: Toward
Eolian Sand Distribution on Mars
a MKo.deSl. EfdogrettModaenrdn P. R. Christensen ................................................................................................ _7
Aerosols Scattering and Near-infrared Observations of the Martian Surface P.._
S. Erard ......................................................................................................................................... _18
A Model for the Evolution of CO 2on Mars
19
R. M. Haberle, D. Tyler, C. P. McKay, and W. L. Davis .............................................................
Possible Test of Ancient Dense Martian Atmosphere
W. K. Hartmann and S. Engel .................................................................................................... _q. 20
t
Groundbased Monitoring of Martian Atmospheric Opacity 20
K. E. Herkenhoff and L. J. Martin ..... ,.............................. ...-'.-." ................................................. "_:_
Mars Atmospheric Loss and Isotopic Fractionation by Solar-Wind-Induced Sputtering ! c
and Photochemical Escape 21
B. M. Jakosky, R. O. Pepin, R. E. Johnson, and J. L. Fox ................................... i...................... "/_
SNC Meteorites and Their Implications for Reservoirs of Martian Volatiles i _,
21
°,...,,.,. ......
J. H. Jones ........................................................................................................................ ,_
#
The Northern Plains MSATr Meeting, and a Call for a Field-oriented Successor
to MSATI" 23
J. S. Kargel ................................................................................... '....... '..................................... ;._)'"
Temporal and Spatial Mapping of Atmospheric Dust Opacity and Surface Albedo _.7)
on Mars 24
S. W. Lee, R. T. Clancy, G. R. Gladstone, and T. Z Martin ...................................................... _"
How Well was Total Ozone Abundance Inferred with Mariner 9? _-i
B. L Lindner ............................................................................................................................... .._. 25
The Effect of Polar Caps on Obliquity _-_"_
26
B. L Lindner .............................................................................................................................
Escape of Mars Atmospheric Carbon Through Time by Photochemical Means J_'-_ 27
J. G. Luhmann, J. Kim, and A. F. Nagy ............................................................................ "'"_"
Might It Be Possible to Predict the Onset of Major Martian Dust Storms? _" 27
L. J. Martin, P. B. James, and R. W. Zurek ................................................................................ !_'"
(cid:0)_
Studies of Atmospheric Dust from Viking IR Thermal Mapper Data _--':
................... 28
T. Z. Martin ....................................................................................................................
LPI Technical Report 93-06, Part I vii
Global Color Views of Mars
A. S. McEwen, L. A. Soderblom, T. L. Becker, E. M. Lee, and R. M. Batson ................................... 29
2_
The Distribution of Martian Ground Ice at Other Epochs
M. T. Mellon and B. M. Jakosky ...................................................................................................... 29,2._
Mineralogical Diversity (Spectral Reflectance and Mrssbauer Data) in Compositionally
Similar Impact Melt Rocks from Manicouagan Crater, Canada
R. V. Morris, J. F. Bell III, D. C. Golden, and H. V. Lauer Jr. ................................................... ".. 303, 0
Martian Spectral Units Derived from ISM Imaging Spectrometer Data
S. Murchie, J. Mustard, and R. Saylor ............................................................................................. 323/
Eddy Transport of Water Vapor in the Martian Atmosphere
J. R. Mmphy and R. M. Haberle ...................................................................................................... 34s_,
IRTM Brightness Temperature Maps of the Martian South Polar Region During the
Polar Night: The Cold Spots Don't Move
D. A. Paige, D. Crisp, M. L. Santee, and M. L Richardson ............................................................. 34 a'3
Numerical Simulation of Thermally Induced Near-Surface Flows Over Martian Terrain
T. R. Parish and A. D. Howard ........................................................................................................ 35) fl
Apron Heights Around "Stepped Massifs" in the Cydonia Mensae Region: Do They
Record the Local Paleobathymetry of "Oceanus Borealis"?
T. J. Parker and D. S. Gorsline ........................................................................................................ 393S.
The pH of Mars
R. C. Plumb, J. L. Bishop, and J. O. Edwards ................................................................................. 40
The Mineralogic Evolution of the Martian Surface Through Time: Implications from
Chemical Reaction-Path Modeling Studies
G. S. Plurnlee, W. L Ridley, J. D. De Braal, and M. H. Reed .......................................................... 41_ 1
Controls on the CO 2Seasonal Cycle
J. B. Pollack, F. Forget, R. M. Haberle, J. Schaeffel, and H. Lee .................................................. 43._
The Wavelength Dependence of Martian Atmospheric Dust Radiative Properties
J. B. Pollack, M. E. Ockert-Bell, R. Arvidson, and M. Shepard ...................................................... 44 _<]
Evidence for Ultramafic Lavas on Syrtis Major
D. P. Reyes and P. R. Christensen ................................................................................................... 44_i_
Martian Deltas: Morphology and Distribution
J. W. Rice Jr. and D. H. Scott ........................................................................................................... 45y/
viii Results from the MSATT Program
Carbonate Formation on Mars: Latest Experiments
S. K. Stephens, D. J. Stevenson, G. R. Rossman, and L. F. Keyser .............................................. _)_ 46
Geologic Controls of Erosion and Sedimentation on Mars 48
K. L. Tanaka, J. M. Dohm, and M. H. Carr ................................................................................ _'£
Polar Sediment Accumulation: Role of Surface Winds at the Two Poles
P. C. Thomas and P. J. Gierasch ................ _:_49
_.,,.I o,lq,0 ,,ol oooo ooH,o,o.ooo** o.oo o4,,,,,.oo m,oo ._,o,6,,,., o'°°4"° e"" °°°""" v_/
The Martian Sources of the SNC Meteorites (Two, Not One), and What Can and
Can't Be Learned from the SNC Meteorites 49
............ ;;_,
A. H. Treiman ............................................................................................. "".................... #3
Temporal Changes in the Geographic Distribution, Elevation, and Potential Origin
of the Martian Outflow Channels 51
S. r,'ibe and S. M. Clifford ......................................................................................................... _/';"
Obliquity Variation in a Mars Climate Evolution Model 52
D. Tyler and R. M. Haberle ............................................. "............................................................ ""
Dielectric Properties of Mars' Surface: Proposed Measurement on a Mars Lander
..................... 53
S. Ulamec and R. Grard .............................................................................................. ,
The Influence of Thermal Inertia on Mars' Seasonal Pressure Variation and the
Effect of the "Weather" Component 54
S. e. WoodandD.A.Paise ......................................................................................................
Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Nitrates, and Organic Materials: Their Association
in a Martian Meteorite 56
L P. Wright, M. M. Grady, and C. T. Pillinger ............................................................................. 2""
Simultaneous Laboratory Measurements of CO 2and H20 Adsorption on Palagonite:
Implications for the Martian Climate and Volatile Reservoir 57
A. P. Zent and R. Quinn ............................................................................................................. ;'"'"
G,