NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 19940026617: Observations of accretion and angular momentum regulation in young circumstellar disks and the implications for planetary formation

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2 Workshop onPhysics ofAccretion Disks
N94-31122 94.31124
/1/2:. cat- 7 7 o-=, f
OBSERVATIONS OF ACCRETION AND ANGULAR DISK IRRADIATION AND LIGHT CURVES OF X-RAY
MOMENTUM REGULATION IN YOUNG CIRCUM- NOVAE. S.-W. KirnI,J.C. Wheeler I,andS. Mineshige 2,iAstron-
STELLAR DISKS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR omy Department, University of Texas at Austin, RLM 15.308,
PLANETARY FORMATION. P. Hartigan, University of Austin TX 78712, USA, 2Astronomy Department, Kyoto Univer-
Massachusetts, Amherst MA 01003, USA. sity, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 60(>4)1, Japan.
i Accretion disks around young stars produce excess infrared We study the disk instability and the effect of irradiation on
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continuum associated with thedisk, and excess optical and ultravio- "outbursts in the black hole X-ray nova systems. Inboth the optical
let continua associated with the boundary layer or "hot spot" as and soft X-rays, the light curves of several X-ray novae, A0620-00,
material falls from the disk onto the stellar photosphere. When we GS 2000+25, Nova Muscae 1991 (GS 1124-68), andGRO J0422+32,
subtract theexcess continuum and photospheric contributions to the :show a main peak, a phase of exponential decline, a secondary
total spectrum, we can obtain high-quality emission line profiles of maximum orreflare, and afinal bump in the late decay followed by
the Balmer lines as well as permitted lines from other elements. a rapid decline. Basic disk thermal limit cycle instabilities can
These emission lines often exhibit redshifted absorption, indicative account for the rapid rise and overall decline, but not the reflare and
of thralling material. Remarkably, objects with large accretion rates final bump. The rise time of the reflare, about I0 days, istoo short
tend to rotate slower than their counterparts that lack accretion to represent a viscous time, so this event is unlikely to be due to
disks. Hence, there must besome process, probably involving mag- ;increased mass flow from the companion star. We explore the
netic fields, that allows the starto accrete large amounts of material possibility that irradiation by X-rays produced in the inner disk can
from thedisk without increasing itsrotational velocity. Young stars produce these secondary effects by enhancing the mass flow rate
typically do not have optically thick inner disks thatdo not accrete. "within the disk. Two plausible mechanisms of irradiation of the disk
Hence, either planets form within accretion disks, or the timescale are considered: direct irradiation from the inner hot disk and re-
for planetary formation is considerably shorter than -3 x 106yr, the fleeted radiation from a corona or other structure above the disk.
duration of the classical T Tauri star phase of young stellar evolu- Both of these processes will be time dependent in the context of the
tio,. --N-94-31123 " : disk instability model and result in more complex time-dependent
behavior of the disk structure. We test both disk instability and mass
-:o : : w . _
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transfer burst _aodels for the secondary flares in the presence of
DISK INSTABILITY AND THE SPEeCTRAL EVOLUTION :i, diatio<..-.'< N94- 31125
OF THE 1992 OUTBURST OF THE INTERMEDIATE
POLAR GK PERSEI. S.-W. Kim i,J.C. WheelerI,F. C.
Bruhweiler2,M. Fitzurka2,K.Beuermann s,K. Reinsch3,and S. TIME-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR OF ACTIVE GALACTIC
Mineshige4,iAstronomy Department,UniversityofTexasatAustin, NUCLEI WITH PAIR PRODUCTION. H. LiIand C.D.
RLM 15.308,AustinTX 78712,USA,zPhysicsDepartment,Catholic Dermer 2,Department of Space Physics and Astronomy, Rice
University of America, Washington DC 20064, USA, 3G6ttingen University,Houston "IX7725I,USA, 2Code7653,NavalResearch
Universit_-Stemwarte, Geismarlandstrasse Il, 37083, GOttingen, Laboratory,Washington DC 20375-5352,USA.
Germany, 4Astronomy Department, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku,
Kyoto 606-0 I, Japan. We study the properties of coupled partial differential equations
_describing the time-dependent behavior of the photon and electron
The disk instability model can explain the previous history of _occupation numbers for conditions likely to be found near active
dwarf-nova-like outbursts in the intermediate polar GK Per, which :galactic nuclei (AGN). The processes governing electron accelera-
occur about once every three years. Disk models thatreproduce the _tion are modeled by astochastic accelerator, and we include accel-
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recurrence time and outburst light curves suggest that GK Per has "eration=by Alfvenic and whistler turbulence. The acceleration of
a large effective inner disk radius (~30-40 white dwarf radii) =electrons is limited by Compton and synchrotron losses and the
truncated by a strong magnetic field (10TG). In this context, the inumber density of electrons depends on pair production and annihi-
effective radius is that of the portion of the disk that participates in lation processes, We also treat particle escape from the system. We
thedisk thermal instability. The radius derived is larger than the co- "examine the steady, (possibly) oscillatory, and unstable solutions
rotation radius, which must bean upper limit on the tree dynamical that arise for various choices of parameters. We examine instabili-
inner radius of the disk. Disk instability models with this large ties related topair production and trapping asproposed by Henri and
effective inner radius predict that the ultraviolet continuum should Pelletier [1] and consider the formation of pair jets.
be rather flat. Here we compare the predictions of the disk instabilty References: [I] Henri G. and Pelletier G. (1991) Astrophys.
model to RYE observations of the 1981 outburst and to IUE and
J.,383, L7._.-"-_. N94-31i2-6
ROSAT observation of the recent 1992 outburst of GK Per. The
_5-/e-:2_ _ A_,_-:-:.0 :J_-i 7 z>i
model disk continuum spectral evolution is consistent with the
observed UV and optical spectra, especially atmaximum and in the OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON BLACK HOLE
early decay phase of theoutburst. The consistency of the model with ACCRETION DISKS. E.P. Liang, Department of Space Physics
the observed UV spectra suggests that the effective inner radius of and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston TX 77215-1892, USA.
the disk is almost constant, independent of mass accretion rate, and
that whatever structure lies between the effective inner radius and I "_We review the empirical constraints onaccretion disk models of
J
the corotation radius neither participates in the disk instability nor _stellar-mass black holes based on recent multiwavelength observa-
radiates substantially in the UV. The related physics of the inner tional results. In addition to time-averaged emission spectra, the
disk region will be briefly discussed. \ _ime evolutions of the intensity and spectrum provide critical infor-