Nanotoxicology : Toxicity Evaluation, Risk Assessment and Management

703 Pages·2018·11.827 MB·English

by  Dasgupta, Nandita, Kumar, Vineet, Ranjan, Shivendu

Nanotoxicology
Toxicity Evaluation, Risk
Assessment and Management

Nanotoxicology
Toxicity Evaluation, Risk
Assessment and Management
Edited by
Vineet Kumar
Nandita Dasgupta
Shivendu Ranjan
CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Kumar, Vineet (Vineet Kumar Rudra), editor. | Dasgupta, Nandita
(Environmental chemist), editor. | Ranjan, Shivendu, editor.
Title: Nanotoxicology : toxicity evaluation, risk assessment, and management /
[edited by] Vineet Kumar, Nandita Dasgupta & Shivendu Ranjan.
Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Includes
bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017048960 | ISBN 9781498799416 (hardback)
Subjects: LCSH: Nanostructured materials--Toxicology. | Nanostructured
materials--Health aspects.
Classification: LCC RA1270.N36 N37 2018 | DDC 610.28--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017048960
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................ix
Editors ......................................................................................................................xi
Contributors .........................................................................................................xiii
1. Critical Evaluation of Toxicity Tests in Context to Engineered
Nanomaterials: An Introductory Overview ..............................................1
Madan Lal Verma
2. Ethics in Nanotechnology and Society Perception ................................19
Suleyman Tekmen and Zuhal Alım
3. Impact of Physicochemical Properties and Surface Chemistry
of Nanomaterials on Toxicity .....................................................................35
Akhela Umapathi, Anubhav Kaphle, Pundarikanakallahalli Nagaraju
Navya, Sourabh Monnappa Kuppanda Jafri, Nikhath Firdose,
Devendra Jain, Sangly Pranesh Srinivas, Harishkumar Madhyastha,
Radha Madhyastha, and Hemant Kumar Daima
4. Application of Nanomaterials in Food, Cosmetics, and Other
Related Process Industries ..........................................................................63
Adhena A. Werkneh, Eldon R. Rene, and Piet N. L. Lens
5. Effect of Route of Exposure on the Toxicity Behavior
of Nanomaterials ..........................................................................................81
Praveen Guleria, Shiwani Guleria, and Vineet Kumar
6. Factors Affecting the Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials:
Interference and Limitations of In Vitro Assays....................................97
Sanjay Singh
7. Influence of Test Model Selection on Nanotoxicity Evaluation ........125
Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi, David Adeiza Otohinoyi,
and Faoziyat Adenike Sulaiman
8. Nanotoxicity In Vitro: Limitations of the Main
Cytotoxicity Assays ....................................................................................171
Montserrat Mitjans, Daniele Rubert Nogueira-Librelotto,
and María Pilar Vinardell
v
vi Contents
9. Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Daily Used Nanoparticles:
In Vivo Studies ............................................................................................193
Hanan Ramadan Hamad Mohamed
10. Influence of Nanomaterials on Human Health ....................................219
Hadi Ebrahimnejad and Sahel Motaghi
11. Mechanisms of Nanotoxicity to Cells, Animals, and Humans .........237
Belinda Wong Shu Ee, Puja Khanna, Ng Cheng Teng,
and Baeg Gyeong Hun
12. Methods and Protocols for In Vitro Animal Nanotoxicity
Evaluation: A Detailed Review................................................................285
Venkatraman Manickam, Leema George, Amiti Tanny, Rajeeva Lochana,
Ranjith Kumar Velusamy, M. Mathan Kumar, Bhavapriya Rajendran,
and Ramasamy Tamizhselvi
13. Methods and Protocols for In Vivo Animal Nanotoxicity
Evaluation: A Detailed Review................................................................323
Fátima Torrico Medina, Isabel Andueza, and Alirica I. Suarez
14. Nanotoxicity Evaluation Using Experimental Animals:
A Detailed Review .....................................................................................389
Anita Jemec Kokalj, Damjana Drobne, and Sara Novak
15. Pharmacokinetics Approach for Nanotoxicity Evaluation ................419
Akhilesh Dubey and Shilpa Sharma
16. Genomic Approach of Nanotoxicity Evaluation ..................................449
Debjani Nath
17. Nano-Genotoxicity Evaluation: A Review ............................................463
Olusegun I. Ogunsuyi, Opeoluwa M. Fadoju, Motunrayo M. Coker,
Solomon O. Akinrinade, Ifeoluwa T. Oyeyemi, Okunola A. Alabi,
Chibuisi G. Alimba, and Adekunle A. Bakare
18. Nanoinformatics: An Alternative of In Vitro and In Vivo
Nanotoxicity Evaluations ..........................................................................505
Georgios Leonis, Antreas Afantitis, and Georgia Melagraki
19. In Silico Methods for Nanotoxicity Evaluation: Opportunities
and Challenges ............................................................................................527
Natalia Sizochenko, Alicja Mikolajczyk, Jerzy Leszczynski,
and Tomasz Puzyn
Contents vii
20. Sensors Used to Evaluate Nanotoxicity .................................................559
Bambang Kuswandi
21. Nanosensors: The Future of Efficient Sensing Technologies
in Nanomedicine .........................................................................................593
Arun Prakash Periasamy, Rini Ravindranath, and Prathik Roy
22. Embryonic Stem Cell as a Cellular Model for Testing the
Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles ....................................................613
Jyoti Parkash, Arti Sharma, and Ankur Jairath
23. Regulations for Safety Assessment of Nanomaterial .........................635
Tiago Severo Peixe, Elizabeth de Souza Nascimento, Rachel Picada
Bulcão, Carlos Eduardo Matos dos Santos, and Mariana C. N. Pais
24. Challenges, Recommendations, and Strategies for
Nanotoxicology Evaluation and Its Management ................................649
Bensu Karahalil
Index .....................................................................................................................657

Preface
Nanotechnology is considered to be the next revolution in technology. No
doubt nanotechnology will impact humans with long lasting beneficial
effects. Richard Feyman theoretically defined the unlimited prospective of
nanomaterials in 1959. Nanotechnology offers the application of materials
with at least one dimension in a nanometer scale. A nanometer is one bil-
lionth of a meter or 1/80,000 the width of a human hair or about ten times the
diameter of a hydrogen atom. However, in a practical sense, nanotechnology
boomed with the discovery of the scanning tunneling microscope and the
atomic force microscope in the 1980s. At present, nanotechnology is a multi-
disciplinary scientific field. It has applications in every discipline of science
including agriculture, drug industry, material science, sensors, catalysis,
biotechnology, microbiology, electronics, mechanical and electrical engi-
neering, and so on. But like genetic engineering, nanotechnology is another
high-end technology that despite its huge commercial potential can also pro-
duce serious threats to human health and the environment. Toxicity evalua-
tion of chemicals and macroparticles is considered essential for the safe use
of these materials. Unlike the conventional toxicological analysis methods
and protocols applied to various toxins and contaminants that are applicable
to all, nanoparticles’ toxicity mainly depends upon a number of factors such
as size, shape, and surface properties. In this regard, it is really important to
develop proper protocols and new toxicological evaluation methods.
The unique properties of nanomaterials make them different from their
bulk counterparts. In addition to such unique properties, the nanometric
size of nanomaterials can invite some detrimental effects on the health and
well being of living organisms and the environment. So, the fascinating field
of nanotechnology is growing rapidly with some serious concerns about
the toxicity behaviors of nanoparticles. The combination of nanotechnology
with various fields like biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and so on,
has led to the new generation of nanodevices. Nanomaterials can induce
toxicity through direct contact or through food, water, and other consumer
nanomaterial-containing products. Humans can be exposed to nanomate-
rials via products containing nanomaterials without appropriate product
labeling and contamination of products with nanomaterials.
Thus, it is important to distinguish nanomaterials with such ill effects
from nanomaterials with no or minimum toxicity. The commercial viability
of nanomaterial-based products in the future depends upon careful toxicity
evaluation. The methods used for the toxicity evaluation of macroparticles
or bulk counterparts have been currently employed for nanotoxicity evalu-
ation. There are some limitations of these methods that need to be updated
in context to nanomaterials. Similarly, the guidelines regulating the toxicity
ix