NANOTOXICITY NANOTOXICITY PREVENTION AND ANTIBACTERIAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS Edited by Susai Rajendran PSNACollegeofEngineeringandTechnology,Dindigul,India Anita Mukherjee DepartmentofBotany,CentreofAdvancedStudy,UniversityofCalcutta, Kolkata,India Tuan Anh Nguyen InstituteforTropicalTechnology,VietnamAcademyof ScienceandTechnology,Hanoi,Vietnam Chandraiah Godugu DepartmentofRegulatoryToxicology,NationalInstituteofPharmaceutical EducationandResearch(NIPER),Balanagar,India Ritesh K. Shukla SchoolofArts&Sciences,AhmedabadUniversity,Gujarat,India Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Copyright©2020ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-12-819943-5 ForInformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:MatthewDeans AcquisitionsEditor:SimonHolt EditorialProjectManager:MarianaKuhl ProductionProjectManager:DebasishGhosh CoverDesigner:VictoriaPearson TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India Contents List of Contributors ix 3.5 Liposomes 62 Foreword xiii 3.6 Conclusion 63 3.7 Futuredirections 64 References 64 PART 1 4. Standard biological assays to estimate Basic principles nanoparticle toxicity and biodistribution 71 1. Nanoparticle(cid:1)physiological media JuhiShah,StutiBhagatandSanjaySingh interactions 3 R.Dorothy,N.Karthiga,S.SenthilKumaran,R.JosephRathish, 4.1 Introduction 71 SusaiRajendranandGurmeetSingh 4.2 Invitromethodsfordeterminationof nanoparticletoxicity 72 1.1 Introduction 3 4.3 Invivobio-distributionandtoxicityof 1.2 Recentadvancesontheinteractionof nanoparticles 85 nanoparticleswithbiologicalmedia 5 4.4 Conclusionandfutureaspects 96 References 18 Acknowledgments 96 Conflictofinterest 97 2. In vitro methods to assess the cellular References 97 toxicity of nanoparticles 21 KrupaKansaraandAshutoshKumar PART 2 2.1 Introduction 21 Toxicity of nanomaterials 2.2 Materialsandmethods 23 2.3 Conclusion 38 5. Toxicity of metal oxide Acknowledgments 38 nanoparticles 107 References 38 ThodhalYoganandhamSuman,Wei-GuoLiand De-ShengPei 3. In vivo studies: toxicity and biodistribution of nanocarriers in 5.1 Introduction 107 organisms 41 5.2 Metaloxidenanoparticles 107 5.3 Zincoxidenanoparticles 108 NivyaSharma,MohdAslamSaifi,ShashiBalaSinghand 5.4 IronOxide-basedmagneticnanoparticles 110 ChandraiahGodugu 5.5 TitaniumdioxideNanoparticles 112 Listofabbreviations 41 5.6 Copperoxidenanoparticles 114 3.1 Generaloverview 43 5.7 Toxicitymechanismofmetaloxide 3.2 Typesofnanocarriers 44 nanoparticles 115 3.3 Polymericmicelles 56 5.8 Conclusion 118 3.4 Dendrimers 57 Acknowledgments 118 v vi CONTENTS Conflictsofinterest 118 PART 3 References 119 Prevention of nanotoxicity Furtherreading 122 6. Toxicity of silver and other 9. General methods for detection and metallic nanoparticles 125 evaluation of nanotoxicity 195 T.Umasankareswari,GurmeetSingh,S.SanthanaPrabha, HaniNasserAbdelhamid AbdulhameedAl-Hashem,S.SenthilKumaranand SusaiRajendran 9.1 Introduction 195 9.2 Generalnanotoxicitymethods 196 6.1 Introduction 125 9.3 Mechanismofantibacterialactivities 198 6.2 Toxicityofsilvernanoparticles 126 9.4 Methodsfordetectionandevaluationof 6.3 Toxicityofgoldnanoparticles 128 nanotoxicity 198 6.4 Toxicityofcoppernanoparticles 132 9.5 Conclusionandoutlooks 208 6.5 Toxicityofironnanoparticles 136 Acknowledgment 209 6.6 Toxicityofzincnanoparticles 137 References 209 6.7 Conclusion 139 Acknowledgment 140 10. Safer-by-design for nanomaterials 215 References 140 L.Reijnders 7. Recent advances in the study of 10.1 Introduction 215 toxicity of polymer-based 10.2 Hazardandreleasereductionforengineered nanomaterials 143 nanomaterialsinproductionand A.SuriyaPrabha,R.Dorothy,S.Jancirani,SusaiRajendran, products 217 GurmeetSinghandS.SenthilKumaran 10.3 Reducingreleasestotheenvironmentfrom nanomaterialproductionandprocessing 7.1 Introduction 143 facilities 217 7.2 Recentadvancesinthestudyoftoxicityof 10.4 Safer-by-designhazardreductionofengineered polymericnanomaterials 144 inorganicandcarbonaceousnanomaterialsfor 7.3 Concludingremarks 163 organisms 218 References 163 10.5 Reducingreleasestotheenvironmentof nanomaterialsfromrelativelylarge 8. Toxicity of polymeric nanocompositesandproducts 224 nanomaterials 167 10.6 Reducinghazardsoffragmentsreleasedfrom nanocomposites 227 YubinLi,ShaofeiWangandDianwenJu 10.7 Conclusions 228 8.1 Introduction 167 References 228 8.2 Classificationofpolymeric nanomaterials 168 8.3 Invitrotoxicityofpolymeric PART 4 nanomaterials 172 Antibacterial activity of nanomaterials 8.4 Invivotoxicityofpolymeric nanomaterials 174 11. Antibacterial activity of metal oxide 8.5 Mechanismsofpolymericnanomaterials- inducedtoxicity 179 nanoparticles 241 Acknowledgments 185 VojislavStanic´andSladjanaB.Tanaskovic´ Conflictofinterest 186 References 186 11.1 Introduction 241 CONTENTS vii 11.2 EffectivephysicochemicalpropertiesofMO- 13.6 Nanoparticlecharacteristicsandtheir NPsonantibacterialactivity 242 influenceonantimicrobialactivity 292 11.3 Antibacterialactivityofmagnesiumoxideand 13.7 Metaloxide-basedantibacterial calciumoxidenanoparticles 250 membrane 293 11.4 Antibacterialactivityofaluminumoxide 13.8 Antibacterialfunctionsofmulti-metaloxide nanoparticles 253 nanoparticles 294 11.5 Antibacterialactivityofsilveroxide 13.9 Magneticbio-metaloxide- nanoparticles 254 magnetosome 296 11.6 Antibacterialactivityofcopperoxide 13.10 ToxicityconcernsofMO-NPsas nanoparticles 255 antimicrobialagents 297 11.7 Antibacterialactivityofzincoxide 13.11 Conclusions,challenges,andfuture nanoparticles 258 perspectives 298 11.8 Antibacterialactivityofironoxide References 299 nanoparticles 261 11.9 Antibacterialactivityoftitaniumoxide 14. Antimicrobial properties of carbon nanoparticles 263 quantum dots 301 Acknowledgements 266 TheodorosChatzimitakosandConstantineStalikas References 266 14.1 Introduction 301 12. Antibacterial activity of platinum 14.2 Antibacterialpropertiesofcarbon nanoparticles 275 nanodots 302 14.3 Conclusion 313 SusaiRajendran,S.SanthanaPrabha,R.JosephRathish,Gurmeet SinghandAbdulhameedAl-Hashem References 313 12.1 Platinumnanoparticles 275 12.2 Antibacterialactivity 275 PART 5 12.3 Antibioticsandantimicrobial Emerging antibacterial and antifungal compounds 276 12.4 Determinationofthemicrobial applications activity 276 12.5 Recenttrendsintheantibacterialactivityof 15. Applications of nanotechnology in platinumnanoparticles 276 agry-food productions 319 References 280 J.L.Castro-Mayorga,L.Cabrera-Villamizar,J.Balcucho-Escalante, M.J.FabraandA.Lo´pez-Rubio 13. Antibacterial property of metal oxide-based nanomaterials 283 15.1 Introduction 319 15.2 Nanoencapsulationtechniquesappliedtofood MdAbdusSubhan andagriculture 320 13.1 Introduction 283 15.3 Nanosensorsinfoodandagriculture 328 13.2 Mechanismofantimicrobialresistance 285 15.4 Nanotechnologyappliedtoenvironmental 13.3 MethodstoevaluateMO-NPsantibacterial remediation 331 efficiency 285 15.5 Manufactureofprotectiveclothesforfarm 13.4 Antimicrobialeffectofmetalandmetal workers 332 oxidenanoparticles 287 15.6 Conclusionandoutlooks 333 13.5 Modeofantimicrobialactionbymetaland References 333 metaloxidesnanoparticles 288 Furtherreading 340 viii CONTENTS 16. Nanoparticle applications in 18.6 Somecommercializedproductsandtheir sustainable agriculture, poultry, and food: information 377 18.7 Currentstatusoftechnologytransfer,scaleup, trends and perspective 341 andchallenges 378 N.ChandraMohana,P.R.Mithun,H.C.YashavanthaRao, Acknowledgment 379 C.MahendraandS.Satish References 379 16.1 Introduction 341 19. Nanomaterials for antifungal 16.2 Nanoparticleapplicationsinagriculture 342 16.3 Nanoparticleapplicationsinpoultry 347 applications 385 16.4 Nanoparticleapplicationsinfood 347 K.Kavitha,N.Vijaya,A.Krishnaveni,M.Arthanareeswari,Susai 16.5 Nano-biosensorssustainableagriculture, Rajendran,AbdulhameedAl-HashemandA.Subramania poultry,andfood 348 16.6 Regulatoryaspectsofnanotechnologyin 19.1 Introduction 385 agriculture,poultry,andfood 348 19.2 Recenttrendsinthestudyofantifungal 16.7 Conclusionandfutureperspectives 350 activitiesofnanoparticles 387 Conflictsofinterest 351 References 397 References 351 20. Antibacterial nanocoatings 399 17. Antibacterial nanocomposite MajidMontazerandTinaHarifi coatings 355 20.1 Introduction 399 TienVietVu,VanThangNguyen,PhuongNguyen-Tri,TheHuu 20.2 Novelandsmartantibacterialnanocoating Nguyen,ThienVuongNguyenandTuanAnhNguyen approaches 400 17.1 Introduction 355 20.3 Applicationsofantibacterial 17.2 Inorganicnanocompositecoating 356 nanocoatings 403 17.3 Organicnanocompositecoating 357 20.4 Safetyandtoxicologicalissues 409 17.4 Environmentalbenefitsandimpactsof 20.5 Conclusion 410 antibacterialnanocompositecoatings 360 References 411 References 360 Furtherreading 413 18. Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water 21. Emerging antibacterial and antifungal disinfection 365 applications of nanomaterials on food products 415 NidhiVerma,SachinVaidh,GajendraSinghVishwakarmaand AlokPandya DılhunKerimanArserim-Uc¸arandBurcuC¸abuk 18.1 Introduction 365 21.1 Introduction 415 18.2 Significanceofnanotechnology 366 21.2 Organicnanomaterialapplications 417 18.3 Antibacterialmetaloxidesandmetal 21.3 InorganicNanomaterialApplications 435 nanoparticles 367 21.4 Conclusion 439 18.4 Mechanismsfornanoparticle-mediated References 440 microbialdisinfection 373 Furtherreading 453 18.5 Advancedtechnologiesfornanoparticle-based waterdisinfection 375 Index 455 List of Contributors Hani Nasser Abdelhamid Advanced Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt Abdulhameed Al-Hashem Petroleum Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research,Safat,Kuwait Dılhun Keriman Arserim-Uc¸ar Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering andArchitecture, Bingo¨lUniversity, Bingo¨l, Turkey M. Arthanareeswari PG and Research Department of Chemistry, SRM University, Chennai, India J. Balcucho-Escalante Nanobiotechnology and Applied Microbiology Research Group (NANOBIOT), University of the Andes, Bogota´, Colombia Stuti Bhagat Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India L. Cabrera-Villamizar Nanobiotechnology and Applied Microbiology Research Group (NANOBIOT), University of the Andes, Bogota´, Colombia Burcu C¸abuk Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Department, Arts and Design Faculty, AlanyaHamdullah Emin Pas¸a University, Antalya, Turkey J.L. Castro-Mayorga Nanobiotechnology and Applied Microbiology Research Group (NANOBIOT), University of the Andes, Bogota´, Colombia Theodoros Chatzimitakos Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University ofIoannina, Ioannina451 10, Greece R.Dorothy Department of EEE, AMET University, Chennai, India M.J. Fabra Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain Chandraiah Godugu Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research(NIPER), Hyderabad, India Tina Harifi Department of Textile Engineering, Functional Fibrous Structures & Environmental Enhancement (FFSEE), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran S. Jancirani PG and Research Department of Chemistry, MVM Government College for Women,Dindigul,India Dianwen Ju Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy; The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China Krupa Kansara Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India ix x LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS N. Karthiga Department of Chemistry,SBM College of Engineering, Dindigul, India K. Kavitha PG and ResearchDepartment ofChemistry,NationalCollege, Trichy, India A. Krishnaveni Department of Chemistry,Yadava College,Madurai, India Ashutosh Kumar Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University,Ahmedabad, India S. Senthil Kumaran School ofMechanical Engineering, VIT University,Vellore, India Wei-Guo Li College of Life Science,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang, P.R. China Yubin Li Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Corporal Michael J.Crescenz VAMedical Center, Philadelphia, PA,United States A. Lo´pez-Rubio Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain C. Mahendra Department of Studies inBotany,Universityof Mysore, Mysore, India P.R.Mithun ElexesMedical ConsultingPvt Ltd.,Bengaluru, India N. Chandra Mohana Microbial Drugs Laboratory, Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India Majid Montazer Department of Textile Engineering, Functional Fibrous Structures & Environmental Enhancement (FFSEE), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran The Huu Nguyen Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam Thien Vuong Nguyen Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Tuan Anh Nguyen Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology,Hanoi,Vietnam Van Thang Nguyen Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi,Vietnam Phuong Nguyen-Tri Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada Alok Pandya Department of Physical Science, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India De-Sheng Pei College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, P.R. China; Chongqing Institute of Greenand Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, P.R. China S. Santhana Prabha PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul,India Susai Rajendran Corrosion Research Centre, St Antony’s College of Arts and Sciences for Women, Amala Annai Nagar, Dindigul, India; PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, India; Corrosion Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, St Antony’s College of Arts and Sciences for Women, Dindigul, India; Department of Chemistry, St. Antony’s College ofArtsand Sciencesfor Women, Dindigul, India