Nanotechnology in cement-based construction PDF
Preview Nanotechnology in cement-based construction
Nanotechnology in Cement-Based Construction Nanotechnology in Cement-Based Construction edited by Antonella D’Alessandro Annibale Luigi Materazzi Filippo Ubertini Published by Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. Level 34, Centennial Tower 3 Temasek Avenue Singapore 039190 Email: [email protected] Web: www.jennystanford.com British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Nanotechnology in Cement-Based Construction Copyright © 2020 Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 978-981-4800-76-1 (Hardcover) ISBN 978-0-429-32849-7 (eBook) Contents Preface PART I ADVANCED CEMENT-BASED COMPOSITES 1 Nanoinclusions for Cementitious Materials Antonella D’Alessandro 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Dispersion of Nanoinclusions in a Cementitious Matrix 1.3 Nanoinclusions for Cement-Based Materials 1.3.1 Carbon-Based Inclusions 1.3.1.1 Carbon nanotubes 1.3.1.2 Carbon nanofibers 1.3.1.3 Graphene nanoplatelets 1.3.1.4 Carbon black 1.3.1.5 Graphene oxide 1.3.2 Metallic Nanoinclusions 1.3.2.1 Nano-TiO 2 1.3.2.2 Nano-Fe O 2 3 1.3.2.3 Silver nanoparticles 1.3.2.4 Nano-Al O 2 3 1.3.2.5 Nano-ZnO 1.3.2.6 Nano-ZrO 2 1.3.2.7 Nano-MgO 1.3.3 Noncarbon Nanoinclusions 1.3.3.1 Nano-SiO 2 1.3.3.2 Nano-CaCO 2 1.3.3.3 Nanoclay 1.3.3.4 Cement nanoparticles 1.4 Safety of Nanomaterials 1.5 Discussion and Conclusion 2 Dispersion Techniques of Nanoinclusions in Cement Matrixes Matteo Tiecco 2.1 Carbon Nanotubes: Chemical Structure and Properties 2.2 Dispersion Techniques of Carbon Nanotubes: Similia Similibus Solvuntur? 2.2.1 Physical Methods for CNT Dispersion 2.2.1.1 Ultrasonication physical method 2.2.2 Chemical Methods for CNT Dispersion 2.2.2.1 Surfactants: structure, properties, and solubilizing capabilities 2.3 Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Water with Surfactants: Similia Similibus Solvuntur (with the Help of Ultrasonication) 2.3.1 Optimization of CNT Dispersion with Surfactants 2.3.1.1 Commercially available surfactants for CNT dispersions 2.3.1.2 Increasing CNT dispersion with the use of properly designed surfactants 3 Use of Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene for Accelerated Percolation in Composite Cement–Based Sensors Filled with Carbon Black Simon Laflamme and Filippo Ubertini 3.1 Introduction 3.2 SEBS-CB Sensors 3.2.1 Materials 3.2.2 Sensor Fabrication 3.3 Methodology 3.3.1 Mix Proportions 3.3.2 Quality Control 3.3.3 Measurements 3.3.4 Electromechanical Model 3.4 Results and Discussion 3.4.1 Percolation Thresholds 3.4.2 Strain Sensitivity 3.5 Conclusion 4 Advancements in Silica Aerogel–Based Mortars António Soares, Inês Flores-Colen, and Jorge de Brito 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Nanomaterials 4.2 Silica-Based Aerogel 4.3 Aerogel-Based Mortars 4.4 Performance of Aerogel-Based Mortars 4.5 Conclusions 5 Multifunctional Cement-Based Carbon Nanocomposites Liqing Zhang, Siqi Ding, Sufen Dong, Xun Yu, and Baoguo Han 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Design and Manufacture of Multifunctional Cement-Based Carbon Nanocomposites 5.3 Behaviors of Multifunctional Cement-Based Carbon Nanocomposites 5.3.1 Mechanical Behaviors 5.3.2 Electrically Conductive Behavior 5.3.3 Sensing Behavior 5.3.4 Damping Behavior 5.3.5 Electromagnetic Shielding/Absorbing Behaviors 5.3.6 Self-Heating Behavior 5.3.7 Durability 5.4 Conclusions 6 Analysis and Modeling of Electromechanical Properties of Cement-Based Nanocomposites Siqi Ding, Liqing Zhang, Xun Yu, Yiqing Ni, and Baoguo Han 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Electrically Conductive and Electromechanical Mechanisms 6.2.1 Basic Principles of Electrical Conduction 6.2.1.1 Contacting conduction 6.2.1.2 Tunneling conduction and/or field emission conduction 6.2.1.3 Ionic conduction 6.2.2 Electrically Conductive Mechanisms 6.2.3 Electromechanical Mechanisms 6.3 Analysis of Electromechanical Properties 6.3.1 Electrical Resistivity 6.3.2 Impedance or Electrical Reactance 6.3.3 Electric Capacitance 6.3.4 Electrical Impedance Tomography 6.4 Modeling of Electromechanical Properties 6.4.1 Model Based on Tunneling Conduction 6.4.2 Model Based on Field Emission Conduction 6.4.3 Model Based on a Lumped Circuit 6.5 Conclusion 7 Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Composites with Nanomaterials Pedro de Almeida Carísio, Oscar Aurelio Mendoza Reales, and Romildo Dias Toledo Filho 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Nanosilica 7.3 Nanotitania 7.4 Nanoalumina 7.5 Nano–Iron Oxide 7.6 Nanoclay 7.7 Nanocarbon Materials 7.7.1 Graphene Nanoplatelets 7.7.2 Carbon Nanofibers 7.7.3 Carbon Nanotubes 7.8 Other Nanoparticles 7.9 Future Perspective 8 Micromechanics Modeling of Nanomodified Cement-Based Composites: Carbon Nanotubes Enrique García-Macías, Rafael Castro-Triguero, and Andrés Sáez 8.1 Introduction and Synopsis 8.2 Micromechanics Modeling of the Mechanical Properties of Nanomodified Composites 8.2.1 Fundamentals of Mean-Field Homogenization 8.2.2 Eshelby’s Equivalent Inclusion 8.2.3 The Mori–Tanaka Approach 8.2.4 Self-Consistent Effective-Medium Approach 8.2.5 Extended Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka Approaches 8.2.6 Modeling of CNT Waviness 8.2.7 Modeling of CNT Agglomeration 8.3 Micromechanics Modeling of the Electrical Properties of CNT-Reinforced Composites 8.3.1 Physical Mechanisms Governing the Electrical Conductivity of CNT- Reinforced Composites 8.3.1.1 Tunneling resistance: thickness and conductivity of the interface 8.3.1.2 Nanoscale composite cylinder model for CNTs 8.3.2 Percolation Threshold Estimates 8.3.3 Micromechanics Model for the Overall Conductivity of CNT-Reinforced Composites 8.3.3.1 Waviness and agglomeration effects 8.3.4 Micromechanics Model for the Piezoresistivity of CNT-Reinforced Composites 8.3.4.1 Volume expansion and reorientation of CNTs 8.3.4.2 Change in the conductive networks 8.3.4.3 Change in the tunneling resistance 8.4 Summary 9 Use of Carbon Cement–Based Sensors for Dynamic Monitoring of Structures Andrea Meoni, Antonella D’Alessandro, Filippo Ubertini, and Annibale Luigi Materazzi 9.1 Introduction 9.2 State of the Art of Nanomodified Structures 9.3 Cement-Based Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring 9.4 Structures with Embedded Cement-Based Sensors 9.5 Structures Made of Nanomodified Cement-Based Materials 9.6 Comments 9.7 Conclusion PART II INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED CEMENT-BASED NANOCOMPOSITES 10 Cement-Based Piezoresistive Sensors for Structural Monitoring Ilhwan You, Seung-Jung Lee, and Doo-Yeol Yoo 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Various Types of Cement-Based Sensors 10.2.1 Piezoresistivity 10.2.2 Cement-Based Composites 10.2.3 Carbon-Based Materials (Conductive Fillers) 10.2.4 Dispersion of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Cement-Based Composites 10.2.5 Preparation of Cement-Based Sensors and Test Configurations 10.2.6 Self-Sensing Properties by Various Carbon-Based Materials 10.3 Practical Applications of Cement-Based Sensors 10.4 Conclusions 11 Enhancing PCM Cement-Based Composites with Nanoparticles Luisa F. Cabeza and Anna Laura Pisello 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Incorporation of PCM in Concrete, Mortar, or Cement 11.3 Enhancing PCM Microcapsules with Nanoparticles for Cement-Based Composites 12 Cement-Based Composites with PCMs and Nanoinclusions for Thermal Storage Manila Chieruzzi and Luigi Torre 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Thermal Energy Storage 12.2.1 Sensible Heat Thermal Storage 12.2.2 Latent Heat Thermal Storage 12.3 Phase Change Materials 12.4 Cement-Based Composites with PCMs 12.4.1 Incorporation of PCMs in Cement-Based Materials Obtained with the Immersion Method 12.4.2 Incorporation of PCMs in Cement-Based Materials Obtained with Direct Mixing 12.4.3 Incorporation of PCMs in Cement-Based Materials Obtained with the Impregnation Method 12.5 PCMs and Nanoinclusions for Cement-Based Materials 12.5.1 Selection of PCMs 12.5.2 Selection of Nanoparticles 12.5.3 PCMs and Nanoinclusions for Cement-Based Materials 12.5.4 NEPCM-Cement-Based Materials for Building and Construction Applications 12.5.5 Recent Developments in NEPCM-Cement-Based Materials for High- Temperature Thermal Storage 12.6 Conclusions 13 Self-Heating Conductive Cement-Based Nanomaterials E. Seva, O. Galao, F. J. Baeza, E. Zornoza, R. Navarro, and P. Garcés 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Heating/Cooling Model 13.3 Stage of Heating Produced by the Application of Electric Current 13.4 Stage of Cooling 14 Functional Cementitious Composites for Energy Harvesting and Civil Engineering Applications: An Overview Ashok Batra, Aschalew Kassu, Bir Bohara, Timir B. Roy, and Antonella D’Alessandro 14.1 Introduction
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