Nanotechnology: An Agricultural Paradigm

367 Pages·2017·7.44 MB·English

by  Ram Prasad

Ram Prasad · Manoj Kumar
Vivek Kumar Editors
Nanotechnology
An Agricultural Paradigm
Nanotechnology
Ram Prasad • Manoj Kumar • Vivek Kumar
Editors
Nanotechnology
An Agricultural Paradigm
Editors
Ram Prasad Manoj Kumar
Amity Institute of Microbial Technology Amity Institute of Microbial Technology
Amity University Amity University
Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Vivek Kumar
Amity Institute of Microbial Technology
Amity University
Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
ISBN 978-981-10-4572-1 ISBN 978-981-10-4573-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4573-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017943328
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017
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Contents
1 Agricultural Nanotechnology: Concepts, Benefits, and Risks . . . . . . 1
Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Devarajan Thangadurai, Ravichandra Hospet,
Prathima Purushotham, Gururaja Karekalammanavar,
Abhishek Channayya Mundaragi, Muniswamy David,
Megha Ramachandra Shinge, Shivasharana Chandrabanda Thimmappa,
Ram Prasad, and Etigemane Ramappa Harish
2 Nanotechnology in Life Science: Its Application and Risk . . . . . . . . . 19
Gero Benckiser
3 Production of Bionanomaterials from Agricultural Wastes . . . . . . . . 33
Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Devarajan Thangadurai, Ravichandra Hospet,
Prathima Purushotham, Kartheek Rajendra Manowade,
Mohammed Abdul Mujeeb, Abhishek Channayya Mundaragi,
Sudisha Jogaiah, Muniswamy David, Shivasharana Chandrabanda
Thimmappa, Ram Prasad, and Etigemane Ramappa Harish
4 Nanomaterials: Implications on Agroecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
M.R. Davari, S. Bayat Kazazi, and O. Akbarzadeh Pivehzhani
5 N anoagrotechnology for Soil Quality, Crop Performance
and Environmental Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Devarajan Thangadurai, Ravichandra Hospet,
Etigemane Ramappa Harish, Prathima Purushotham, Mohammed Abdul
Mujeeb, Jadhav Shrinivas, Muniswamy David, Abhishek Channayya
Mundaragi, Shivasharana Chandrabanda Thimmappa, Suresh Basavaraj
Arakera, and Ram Prasad
6 Nanoengineering Superabsorbent Materials: Agricultural
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Majid Peyravi, Peyman Pouresmaeel Selakjani, and Soodabeh Khalili
7 Nanotechnology in Agriculture, Food Process Product,
and Food Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
A. Allwyn Sundarraj
v
vi Contents
8 Green Nanotechnology: Biomimetic Synthesis of Metal
Nanoparticles Using Plants and Their Application
in Agriculture and Forestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Mohammadhassan Gholami-Shabani, Zeynab Gholami- Shabani,
Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi, Fatemehsadat Jamzivar,
and Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh
9 Nanomaterials for Delivery of Nutrients and Growth-Promoting
Compounds to Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Josef Jampílek and Katarína Kráľová
10 Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Chitosan
Nanomaterials Loaded with Zinc and Copper
for Plant Growth and Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Ram Chandra Choudhary, R.V. Kumaraswamy, Sarita Kumari,
Ajay Pal, Ramesh Raliya, Pratim Biswas, and Vinod Saharan
11 Nanotechnology for Enhancing Crop Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Suresh Kaushik and Setyowati Retno Djiwanti
12 Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors in Agriculture Application
and Accessibility in Rural Smallholding Farms: Food Security . . . . . 263
M.S. Mufamadi and P.R. Sekhejane
13 N anosensors: Frontiers in Precision Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Manoj Kaushal and Suhas P. Wani
14 A pplication of Nanomaterials Toward Development
of Nanobiosensors and Their Utility in Agriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Ravindra Pratap Singh
15 Modern Prospects of Nanotechnology in Plant Pathology . . . . . . . . . 305
Massalimov Ismail, Ram Prasad, Amr I.M. Ibrahim,
and Ahmed I.S. Ahmed
16 Nanocomposites: Future Trends and Perspectives
Towards Affinity Biosensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Ajay Kumar Gupta and Murthy Chavali Yadav
17 Application of Nanotechnology in Enhancement
of Crop Productivity and Integrated Pest Management . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Manish Kumar, Tooba Naz Shamsi, Romana Parveen,
and Sadaf Fatima
About the Editors
Dr. Ram Prasad, Ph.D. is assistant professor at the
Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity
University, Uttar Pradesh, India. His research interest
includes plant-microbe interactions, sustainable agri-
culture, and microbial nanobiotechnology. Dr. Prasad
has more than a hundred publications to his credit,
including research papers and book chapters and five
patents issued or pending, and edited or authored sev-
eral books. Dr. Prasad has 11 years of teaching experi-
ence, and he has been awarded the Young Scientist
Award (2007) and Prof. J.S. Datta Munshi Gold Medal
(2009) by the International Society for Ecological Communications, a fellowship
(2010) by the Society for Applied Biotechnology, the Outstanding Scientist Award
(2015) in the field of microbiology by Venus International Foundation, and the
American Cancer Society UICC International Fellowship for Beginning Investigators
(USA, 2014). In 2014–2015, Dr. Prasad served as visiting assistant professor in the
Department of Mechanical Engineering at Johns Hopkins University, USA.
Dr. Manoj Kumar, Ph.D. is a scientist with sanguine
behavior who is adoring about research and develop-
ment, with a commitment to lifelong learning. He is
determined on high-quality science that contributes
broadly to both increasing intellectual knowledge of
plant development and increasing the ecological niche.
He has a high level of professional desire and intellec-
tual hunt and the potential to fulfill the dream of his
high-impact publications and the future recognition of
these by academic peers. Dr. Kumar has pursued his
Ph.D. in plant biotechnology from prestigious
Jawaharlal Nehru University and then was awarded two
postdoctoral fellowships consecutively: (i) DBT-PDF from IISc Bangalore in 2005
and then NRF-PDF from the University of Pretoria. Dr. Manoj Kumar is a researcher
of plant biotechnology in the Amity Institute of Microbial Technology at Amity
vii
viii About the Editors
University, Uttar Pradesh, India. Dr. Kumar’s research is the integration of micro-
bial genetics with a breadth of plant physiological approaches to enable novel gene
discovery and conferring metabolites.
Dr. Vivek Kumar, Ph.D. is a scientist involved in
teaching, research, and guidance, with a pledge to endur-
ing knowledge. Dr. Kumar is working in the Amity
Institute of Microbial Technology at Amity University,
Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. He obtained his master’s
and doctoral degree from CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar, Haryana, India. He is serving in the
editorial board of reputed international journals, viz.,
EnvironmentAsia, the International Journal of Biological
and Chemical Sciences, the Journal of Advanced Botany
and Zoology, and the Journal of Ecobiotechnology. He
has published 61 research papers, 19 book chapters, 6
review articles, and 2 books. Dr. Kumar has also served
as microbiologist for 8 years in the Department of Soil and Water Research, Public
Authority of Agricultural Affairs and Fish Resources, Kuwait. Dr. Kumar has orga-
nized a number of conferences/workshops as a convener/organizing secretary.
Agricultural Nanotechnology: Concepts, 1
Benefits, and Risks
Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Devarajan Thangadurai,
Ravichandra Hospet, Prathima Purushotham,
Gururaja Karekalammanavar,
Abhishek Channayya Mundaragi, Muniswamy David,
Megha Ramachandra Shinge,
Shivasharana Chandrabanda Thimmappa, Ram Prasad,
and Etigemane Ramappa Harish
Abstract
Nanotechnology is one of the utmost significant tools in modern agriculture is
predicted to become a driving cost-effective force in the near future.
Nanotechnology in agriculture has gained drive in the last decade with an abun-
dance of public funding, but the step of development is uncertain, even though
many disciplines come under the agriculture system. This could be attributed to
a unique nature of farm production whereby energy and matter are exchanged
freely, the scale of demand of input materials constantly being enormous in con-
trast with industrial nanoproducts. The nanotechnologic intervention in farming
has prospects for improving the efficiency of nutrient use through nanoformula-
tions of fertilizers, surveillance and control of pests and diseases, improvement
of new-generation pesticides, biosensors (which are exclusively used in remote
J. Sangeetha
Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala,
Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
D. Thangadurai (*) • R. Hospet • P. Purushotham • A.C. Mundaragi
Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka 580003, India
e-mail: [email protected]
G. Karekalammanavar • M. David • E.R. Harish
Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka 580003, India
M.R. Shinge • S.C. Thimmappa
Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Karnatak University,
Dharwad, Karnataka 580003, India
R. Prasad
Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University,
Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 1
R. Prasad et al. (eds.), Nanotechnology, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4573-8_1
2 J. Sangeetha et al.
sensing devices for precision farming), clay-based nanoresources for precision
water management, and reclamation of salt-affected lands.
Keywords
Conventional farming • Nanotools • Nanoprocesses • Nanomaterials •
Nanofertilizers • Nanopesticides
1.1 Introduction
Nanotechnology refers to the engineering and restructuring of functional systems
on the scale of molecules and atoms. It is an interdisciplinary field which has the
potentiality for the drastic changes in the fields of medicine, food, pharmacology,
and agriculture since the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Inadequate supply of
food is the current major problem in developing countries, due to increasing popula-
tion as a result of an impact on agricultural practices and productivity. The agricul-
tural field broadly gets benefited by the nanotech-based devices to inspect diseases
in a rapid manner, to enhance the capacity of the crop plants for the possible intake
of minerals, and to lead molecular treatment of diseases (Huang et al. 2007).
Nanotechnology for agricultural applications predominantly shows growth from
theoretical possibilities to applicable realms. An appreciation of the experimental
tool is designed to operate at nanometric levels to boost research in molecular and
cellular biology. The current global population is nearly about 7 billion, with 50%
living in Asia. Due to increase in proportion, those living in developing countries
face extreme food scarcity as a result of environmental impacts on agriculture,
including storms, droughts, and flood. In a similar way, the agricultural production
is constrained by a certain number of biotic and abiotic factors, and, the insect pests,
diseases, and weeds cause the high loss for the potential production of agricultural
crops (Dhaliwal et al. 2010). Nanomaterial-based pesticides and insecticides were
manufactured exclusively for the management of insect pests using bioconjugated
nanoparticles (encapsulation), agricultural productivity was enhanced for slow
release of nutrients and water molecules, nanoparticle-mediated gene or DNA was
incorporated in the plants for developing insect pest-resistant varieties, and also
nanomaterials were used for preparing different kind of biosensors, which are
exclusively used in remote sensing devices for precision farming (Prasad 2014,
2016; Prasad et al. 2014). The use of traditional methods of integrated pest manage-
ment in agriculture has some major limits, and also applying chemical pesticides
like DDT imposed major effects on soil fertility and major drawbacks – its adverse
effects on animals and human beings. Thus, it has been concluded that nanotechnol-
ogy provides an efficient and eco-friendly approach for insect pest’s management of
plant crops without harming the environment (Rai and Ingle 2012). Insects were
found in all the types of environment, and it occupies more than two-thirds of known
species of animals in the world. Insects infest to injure the plants and stored prod-
ucts directly or indirectly; the damage that causes less than 5% is not considered
(Dhaliwal et al. 2010). Pimentel (2009) estimated that throughout the world