Nanostructured Materials for Treating Aquatic Pollution

311 Pages·2019·7.958 MB·English

by  Gil Alberto Batista Gonçalves, Paula Marques

Engineering Materials
Gil Alberto Batista Gonçalves
Paula Marques   Editors
Nanostructured
Materials
for Treating
Aquatic Pollution
Engineering Materials
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ç
Gil Alberto Batista Gon alves Paula Marques
(cid:129)
Editors
Nanostructured Materials
for Treating Aquatic
Pollution
123
Editors
Gil AlbertoBatista Gonçalves PaulaMarques
TEMA—Centrefor Mechanical TEMA—Centrefor Mechanical
Technology andAutomation Technology andAutomation
University of Aveiro University of Aveiro
Aveiro, Portugal Aveiro, Portugal
ISSN 1612-1317 ISSN 1868-1212 (electronic)
Engineering Materials
ISBN978-3-030-33744-5 ISBN978-3-030-33745-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33745-2
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Acknowledgements
The editors of this book acknowledge CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-030513 and the
Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/NAN-MAT/30513/
2017) for supportingtheproject:Graphenebased materials andwaterremediation:
a sustainable solution for a real problem?
v
Contents
Removal of Metal Ions Using Graphene Based Adsorbents . . . . . . . . . . 1
Imran Ali, Zeid A. ALOthman and Abdulrahman Alwarthan
Nanostructured Carbon-Based Materials for Adsorption of Organic
Contaminants from Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Roosevelt D. S. Bezerra, Paulo R. S. Teixeira, Edson C. da Silva-Filho,
Anderson O. Lobo and Bartolomeu C. Viana
Nanostructured Materials for the Photocatalytic Degradation
of Organic Pollutants in Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Luzia M. C. Honorio, Pollyana A. Trigueiro, Bartolomeu C. Viana,
Alessandra Braga Ribeiro and Josy A. Osajima
Nanostructured Metallic Oxides for Water Remediation . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
R. Natividad, L. Hurtado, R. Romero, T. Torres-Blancas,
C. E. Barrera-Díaz, G. Santana-Martinez and G. Roa
Treating of Aquatic Pollution by Carbon Quantum Dots. . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Z. M. Marković and B. M. Todorović Marković
Diamond-Based Nanostructured Materials for Detection of Water
Contaminants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
A. V. Girão, M. A. Neto, F. J. Oliveira and R. F. Silva
Toxic Effects of Metal Nanoparticles in Marine Invertebrates . . . . . . . . 175
JoanaC.Almeida,CelsoE.D.Cardoso,EduardaPereiraandRosaFreitas
Nanotechnology: Environmentally Sustainable Solutions for Water
Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Mahesh Kumar Gupta, Praveen Kumar Tandon and Neelam Shukla
vii
viii Contents
Nanostructured Membranes for Water Purification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Xin Li, Gomotsegang Fred Molelekwa, Meryem Khellouf
and Bart Van der Bruggen
Nanostructured Polymer Composites for Water Remediation . . . . . . . . 275
Michael Ovbare Akharame, Ogheneochuko Utieyin Oputu,
Omoniyi Pereao, Bamidele Oladapo Fagbayigbo,
Lovasoa Christine Razanamahandry, Beatrice Olutoyin Opeolu
and Olalekan Siyanbola Fatoki
Removal of Metal Ions Using Graphene
Based Adsorbents
ImranAli,ZeidA.ALOthmanandAbdulrahmanAlwarthan
Abstract The pollution of water sources with toxic metal ions is a thoughtful
subject.Numerousaquaticsystemsarepollutedwithdissimilartoxicmetalionsfrom
various industrial effluents and anthropogenic activities. Water treatment seems to
thechiefenvironmentaltest.Thesorptionisthebesteffectivemethodformetalions
eliminationinwater.Currently,grapheneanditscompositematerialsareattaining
significanceasnewgenerationnano-sorbents.Grapheneisatwodimensionalnano-
materialwithsinglelayerofgraphite.Thesehaveachievedagreatreputationinwater
treatmentbecauseoftheirdistinctivephysico-chemicalfeatures.Thepresentchapter
describestheeliminationofmetalionsusinggrapheneanditscompositematerials.
Theemphasishasbeenmadeonsyntheses,applications,regenerationandrecycling
andfutureperspectives.Definitely,thischapterwillbevaluabletoolforresearchers,
governmentauthoritiesandacademicians.
· ·
Keywords Watertreatment Grapheneandcompositesubstances Toxicandrare
·
earthmetals Adsorption
1 Introduction
Wateristhemostsignificantcommodityfortheexistenceofalltheindividualson
theearth.Everythinginthislifeneedwater.Becauseofthat,peoplemustnotonly
takecareforwatersourcesbutalsotokeepwatersourcesclean.Theinternational
watercommunitycontinuestoexploresafewaterforsecuringthefutureofhuman
B
I.Ali( )
DepartmentofChemistry,CollegeofSciences,TaibahUniversity,
Al-Medinaal-Munawara41477,SaudiArabia
e-mail:[email protected];[email protected]
DepartmentofChemistry,JamiaMilliaIslamia(CentralUniversity),
NewDelhi110025,India
Z.A.ALOthman·A.Alwarthan
DepartmentofChemistry,CollegeofScience,KingSaudUniversity,Riyadh
11451,KingdomofSaudiArabia
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019 1
G.A.B.GonçalvesandP.Marques(eds.),NanostructuredMaterials
forTreatingAquaticPollution,EngineeringMaterials,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33745-2_1
2 I.Alietal.
andaquaticecosystemhealth.Thequalityofwaterisasignificantissuerduringlast
some decades [1]. If water quality will not be controlled, the disease will develop
and increase and the life will be miserable with short span. Among various water
contaminates,toxictracemetalionsareveryseriouspollutantsowingtotheirsevere
toxicity,carcinogenicandnon-biodegradablenature[2].Thesemetalionsinclineto
collect in tissues and create numerous diseases and health maladies in humans. It
is due to their tendency to interact with proteins, enzymes and non-biodegradable
nature [3–5]. The contact to the metal ions, even at bit level, is supposed to be a
riskforthehuman[6–9].Thus,thisproblemisofmajorconcernforthescientists,
academiciansandGovernmentauthorities.Therefore,theirremovalisessentialfor
thehealthpointofviews.
2 WaterPollution inDifferentEcosystems
The quality of our water springs is worsening rapidly because of rapid growing
of the world people, civilization and industrialization. Our fixed fraction of fresh
waterisbeingpollutingcontinuouslybypointandnon-pointsources.Thesesources
can be categorized based on their targeted water resources i.e. ground and surface
water (Table 1); classified on their maximum probability of water contamination.
The main causes of water contaminations are domestic, industrial and agricultural
happenings[10,11].Someotherecologicalactivitiesandgeologicalvariationsare
alsoaccountableforpollutingwater;especiallygroundwater.
Morethanonethousandpollutantsarepresentinwaterandtheseincludeorganic,
inorganicandbiologicalcontaminants.Themajorusesofwaterareforagriculture,
industrialprocess,anddomestic(household)supply.Itisquiteobviousthatthequal-
ity of water determines its potential uses. The domestic supply must be free from
constituents harmful to health, such as organic, inorganic and biological contam-
inations, and it should taste and smell good. Similarly, quality of water required
forindustrialpurposesvarieswidelydependingontheprocessinvolved.Somepro-
cessesmayrequiredistilledwater,whereas,othersimplyneedsnormalwater.Water
for agriculture should be free from boron and possesses 2–10 sodium adsorption
ratio(SAR)value.Thevariousinternationalagencieshavedevisedpermissiblelim-
its for several constituents in water for different purposes like drinking, bathing,
recreation, agricultural etc. [12, 13]. The wastewater contaminated with metals is
serious aspect in hydrological science. Metals are presented in water systems due
to enduring of rocks and soils, from volcanic outbreaks, and from a diversity of
manactionswiththeprocessing,mining,utilizationofmetalsandothersubstances
thatcomprisemetalcontaminants[14,15].Themostnotorioustoxicmetalcontam-
inantsarecadmium,arsenic,copper,chromium,lead,mercury,seleniumandnickel.
There are dissimilar causes of metal contaminants, that are given in Table 2. The
common restricted metal contamination in water comes via industrial effluents of
battery, tanning, ceramics, glassware, mining, electroplating, photographic, paints
etc.Inadditiontotheseindustries,acidminedraintypicallyissuestoxicmetalsfrom