Nanostructured Materials for Energy Related Applications PDF
Preview Nanostructured Materials for Energy Related Applications
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World Saravanan Rajendran Mu. Naushad Subramanian Balakumar Editors Nanostructured Materials for Energy Related Applications Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World Volume 24 SeriesEditors EricLichtfouse,Aix-MarseilleUniversity,CEREGE,CNRS,IRD,INRA,CollFrance, AixenProvence,France JanSchwarzbauer,RWTHAachenUniversity,Aachen,Germany Didier Robert, CNRS, European Laboratory for Catalysis and Surface Sciences, Saint-Avold,France OtherPublicationsbytheEditors Books EnvironmentalChemistry http://www.springer.com/978-3-540-22860-8 OrganicContaminantsinRiverineandGroundwaterSystems http://www.springer.com/978-3-540-31169-0 SustainableAgriculture Volume1:http://www.springer.com/978-90-481-2665-1 Volume2:http://www.springer.com/978-94-007-0393-3 Bookseries EnvironmentalChemistryforaSustainableWorld http://www.springer.com/series/11480 SustainableAgricultureReviews http://www.springer.com/series/8380 Journals EnvironmentalChemistryLetters http://www.springer.com/10311 AgronomyforSustainableDevelopment http://www.springer.com/13593 Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/11480 (cid:129) Saravanan Rajendran Mu. Naushad Subramanian Balakumar Editors Nanostructured Materials for Energy Related Applications Editors SaravananRajendran Mu.Naushad FacultyofEngineering,Departmentof ChemistryDepartment,CollegeofScience MechanicalEngineering KingSaudUniversity UniversityofTarapacá Riyadh,SaudiArabia Arica,Chile SubramanianBalakumar NCNSNT UniversityofMadras Chennai,India ISSN2213-7114 ISSN2213-7122 (electronic) EnvironmentalChemistryforaSustainableWorld ISBN978-3-030-04499-2 ISBN978-3-030-04500-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04500-5 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018968402 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsorthe editorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrors oromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaims inpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Thescenarioofnecessitybeingthemotherofscientificinventionshasaddedcriteria; the world’s growing population and increasing numbers of people aspire to higher standardsofliving.Theworldpopulationhasmorethandoubledinthelast60years; in2011thereweresevenbillionpeopleontheplanet.TheUnitedNationsFoodand Agriculture Organization predicts that this growth will continue and in 2050 the population will reach nine billion. This rate of growth demands more food along with more and more energy, in a way sometimes to increase food supply we need energy. As prosperity continues to grow, we are eventually at a point where the demandforenergyoutstripssupply.Energy,beingthecruxforhumankindsurvival, alsofindsitsplaceinday-to-dayapplications.Manycountriesuseelectricitytoheat theirhomes,powervehicles,lightbuildings,useelectronicdevices,runmachinesin industries, etc. This electricity comes from energy sources such as the burning of petroleum and other fossil fuels. Countries require a massive amount of fuel to generateenoughelectricitytomeetdemands.Fortunately,thereisasolutiontothis problem:renewableenergy.Unlikefossilfuels,renewablesourceslikesolarenergy, wind energy, and water power never run out. With a much lower impact on the environment, using renewable energy helps to protect our planet by significantly reducing the amount of carbon emissions that we produce. By using renewable energy sources, we also reduce our dependence on fossil fuel gas and oil reserves, whichmeansthatwecanavoidtherisingcostofenergybillsandimproveourenergy security. The solution is clear, but what prevents its feasibility is a technology to aptly generate,process,orstoretheseenergies.Asaboonthemultidisciplinaryfieldthatis nowadays called nanotechnology is critical to overcome some of the technological limitations.Novelmultifunctionalnanomaterialsofferimpeccableimprovementsin alldomainsincludingenergysystem,suchasgeneration,transportation,andstorage ofenergywhencomparedtoconventionalsystems.Inaway,researchersarefinding nanomaterials to increase the efficiency and store the energy of the conventionally producedenergy,withoutmuchchangetoexistingtechnology.Ontheotherhandin v vi Preface the near future, a complete revamp of existing technologies is targeted with novel nanomaterials and nanotechnologies like advanced PV systems, biomass-derived energy, etc. Nanomaterials serve as energy carriers, absorbents, media for energy transfer, catalysts, converters, and energy pools or vessels for reactions. In all of these applications, the core technology to be developed is the preparation of novel nanomaterialswithcontrollablesizes,shapes,and/orstructures. In this book, an in-depth analysis is focused on particular nanomaterials and systemsapplicablefortechnologiessuchascleanfuel;battery;hydrogengeneration, absorption, and storage; supercapacitors; and battery applications. It is aimed not onlytoexploitcertainnanomaterialsfortechnologytransferbutalsoawideknowl- edge on certain avenues such as biomass-derived nanomaterials, carbon dioxide conversion into renewable fuel chemicals using nanomaterials, etc. These are the areaswithlacunaethatdemandmoreresearchandapplication. To conclude, as the president of the World Bank, Jim Yong Kim said “Ending povertyandensuringsustainabilityarethedefiningchallengesofourtime.Energyis centraltobothofthem.”Ifrenewableenergywasavailabletoall,lifewouldbemade easier, the environment would be safer, and poverty would be lessened. With thoughts of global and personal care, we all need to be involved in making our homes more energy efficient with nanotechnology and switching to renewable energysourcestopreserveourplanet,ourenergysources,andourwalletstoo. Arica,Chile SaravananRajendran Riyadh,SaudiArabia Mu.Naushad Chennai,India S.Balakumar Acknowledgments Firstofall,wethanktheAlmightyGodwhohasbeenkindenoughtoblessuswith goodhealthwhileworkingonthisbookandformakingthistaskasuccess. We would like to express our heartfelt gratefulness to the series editor, Eric Lichtfouse, for his immense knowledge, enthusiasm, inspiring discussions, and valuablesuggestionswhichmadeustoengage inthisbookworksuccessfully.We wouldliketoextendourgratitudetothepublisher,Springer,foracceptingthisbook as part of the series Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, to the contributing authors and reviewers for their esteemed work, and to all the authors, publishers, and other researchers for granting us the copyright permissions to use their illustrations. Although every effort has been made to obtain the copyright permissions from the respective owners to include citation with the reproduced materials,wewouldstillliketoofferourdeepapologiestoanycopyrightholderif unknowinglytheirrightisbeinginfringed. Saravanan Rajendrangratefullyacknowledgesfinancial supportfrom theSERC (CONICYT/FONDAP/15110019), FONDECYT, Government of Chile (Project No.: 11170414), and School of Mechanical Engineering (EUDIM), University of Tarapaca, Arica, Chile. He would also like to extend his warmest thanks to Prof. Francisco Gracia (DIQBT, University of Chile), Prof. Lorena Cornejo Ponce (EUDIM, University of Tarapaca), and Prof. Rodrigo Palma (Director, SERC) for theirconstantsupport,moralguidance,enthusiasm,andimmenseknowledgewhich helpedhimtocompletethetask. Mu. Naushad would like to express his deep gratitude to the Chairman of the DepartmentofChemistry,CollegeofScience,KingSaudUniversity,SaudiArabia, for his valuable suggestions and constant inspiration. He is also thankful to the DeanshipofScientificResearchatKingSaudUniversityforthesupport. S.B. thankfully acknowledges financial support from the National Centre for NanoscienceandNanotechnology,UniversityofMadras,Chennai. SaravananRajendran,Mu.Naushad,andS.Balakumar vii Contents 1 RecentTrendsinNanomaterialsforSustainableEnergy. . . . . . . . . 1 DurgalakshmiD,SaravananRajendran,andMu.Naushad 2 RecentInSitu/OperandoCharacterizationofLithium-Sulfur Batteries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 YanYang,YiminZhu,KumarRaju,ShengDai,andCharlJ.Jafta 3 RecentAdvancesinFlexibleSupercapacitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 SwatiJadhav,VikashChaturvedi,andManjushaV.Shelke 4 Noble-Metal-FreeNanoelectrocatalystsforHydrogenEvolution Reaction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 NatarajanThiyagarajan,NithilaA.Joseph, andManavalanGopinathan 5 Energy-SavingSynthesisofMg SiO :RE3+Nanophosphors 2 4 forSolid-StateLightingApplications.. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 121 RamachandraNaik,RamyakrishnaPothu,PrashanthaS.C, NagabhushanaH,AdityaSaran,HarisekharMitta, andRajenderBoddula 6 StudiesofMulti-walledCarbonNanotubesandTheirCapabilities ofHydrogenAdsorption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 EdgarMosquera,MauricioMorel,DonovanE.Diaz-Droguett, NicolásCarvajal,RocíoTamayo,MartinRoble,VaniaRojas, andRodrigoEspinoza-González 7 EmergingVerticalNanostructuresforHigh-Performance SupercapacitorApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 SubrataGhosh,TomMathews,S.R.Polaki,andSangMunJeong ix x Contents 8 HydrogenProductionThroughSolar-DrivenWaterSplitting: Cu(I)Oxide-BasedSemiconductorNanoparticlesasthe Next-GenerationPhotocatalysts. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 189 SanjibShyamal,AshisKumarSatpati,ArjunMaity, andChinmoyBhattacharya 9 ApplicationofNanoparticlesinCleanFuels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 KumaranKannaiyan,RezaSadr,andVigneshKumaravel 10 Biomass-DerivedNanomaterials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 SebastianRaja,LuizH.C.Mattoso,andFrancysK.V.Moreira 11 RecentProgressofCarbonDioxideConversionintoRenewable FuelsandChemicalsUsingNanomaterials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 HarisekharMitta,PutrakumarBalla,NagarajuNekkala, KrishnaMurthyBhaskara,RajenderBoddula, VijyakumarKannekanti,andRamachandraRaoKokkerapati Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
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