Nanoscience and Plant–Soil Systems PDF
Preview Nanoscience and Plant–Soil Systems
Soil Biology Mansour Ghorbanpour Khanuja Manika Ajit Varma Editors Nanoscience and Plant– Soil Systems Soil Biology Volume 48 Series Editor AjitVarma,AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/5138 Mansour Ghorbanpour (cid:129) Khanuja Manika (cid:129) Ajit Varma Editors Nanoscience and Plant–Soil Systems Editors MansourGhorbanpour KhanujaManika DepartmentofMedicinalPlants, AmityInstituteofNanotechnology FacultyofAgricultureandNaturalResources AmityUniversityUttarPradesh ArakUniversity Noida,UttarPradesh Arak,Iran India AjitVarma AmityUniversityUttarPradesh, AmityInstofMicrobialTechnology Noida,UttarPradesh India ISSN1613-3382 ISSN2196-4831 (electronic) SoilBiology ISBN978-3-319-46833-4 ISBN978-3-319-46835-8 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-46835-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017931978 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinor for anyerrors oromissionsthat may havebeenmade. Thepublisher remainsneutralwith regardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Foreword Nanosciencecoupledwithnanotechnologyisoneofthemostimportantemerging tools which can complement modern agriculture by providing new agrochemical agents and new delivery mechanisms to improve crop productivity. Nanoscience has found ways to control the release of nitrogen in agriculture fields, micro- morphology of soil and characterization of soil minerals, rhizospheric nature, nutrientiontransportinsoil–plantsystem,precisionwaterfarming,etc.Intheera ofclimatechange,itisachallengetofeedtherapidlyincreasingworldpopulation, with agricultural productivity facing various challenges. Thus, it is now very important to improve the crop productivity to cope with this upcoming problem of food security. Nanoscience (nanotechnology) promises to accelerate the devel- opmentofbiomass-to-fuelproductiontechnologies.Expertsfeelthatthepotential benefitsofnanotechnologyforagriculture,food,fisheries,andaquacultureneedto bebalancedagainstconcernsforthesoil,water,andenvironmentandtheoccupa- tionalhealthofworkers.Nanoparticles(sizerangefrom1to100nm)haveunique physicochemical properties, i.e., high surface area, high reactivity, tunable pore size, and particle morphology; therefore, they have novel applications in diverse fields of science including medicine, physics, chemistry, materials science, and agriculture.Theappropriateelucidationofphysiological,biochemical,andmolec- ularmechanismofnanoparticlesinplantleadstobetterplantgrowthanddevelop- ment. Several countries have recognized the potential impression of nanotechnology could have on their economies and spending profoundly in researchdirection. This book “Nanoscience and Plant–Soil Systems” edited by Drs Mansour Ghorbanpour,KhanujaManika,andAjitVarmaisanenthusiasticcelebrationofa new paradigm “nanoscience in agricultural research.” It is important to assemble the ever-improving methods based on nanotechnology and its role in plant soil systeminabookunderthesenewguidelines,i.e.,practicalaspectsandimmediate useinthelaboratoryandbeyond.Thechaptersofthisbookareindeedanexcellent and outstanding contribution. This book succeeds in presenting many concepts, v vi Foreword methods,etc.,whichcanbroadenourunderstandingoftheroleofnanotechnology in plant–soil system. This comprehensiveness should make this book equally valuabletostudents,teachers,andresearchersenteringthisfieldofnanoscience.I am sure readers in the fields of biotechnology, microbiology, agriculture, and nanotechnologywouldfindthisbookveryuseful. Overall, I am glad to see good coverage in this book. Congratulations and my best compliments to editors of the book who performed an outstanding work in gettingvaluablecontributionsfromtheteamofglobalexpertsonthesubjectwhich has major implications not only for food security worldwide but also for the socioeconomic condition of communities affected by climate change at the basic grassroots level. The contributors are to be congratulated on their efforts, and readersarerecommendedtousethisvolumeforalongtimetocome.Thepublisher alsodeservesforpublishingthisusefulbook. DepartmentofScienceandTechnology, AshutoshSharma GovernmentofIndia NewDelhi,India June23,2016 Preface There is general belief and admission that important, innovative, and novel ideas emergeoveracupofteaoraglassofbeerandtheweathermustbecongenialand most suitable for materializations of original ideas. The genesis of this book underlinestheconceptdevelopedin2015. TechnologicaladvancesandsociologicalchangesaresuchthatSciencedemands evolution. We believe that one reason for publishing of ideas is broadening one’s view, through the examination of a text of wide and extensive coverage, nurtures one’scapacityforlearningandreflection.Thestudyofmicroorganismshasbecome a valuable science in the last 100 years as it has provided the means to control a numberofinfectiousdiseases.Inthisdirection,nanotechnology has emergedasa potential candidate. The ideas andconcepts behindnanoscience andnanotechnol- ogystartedwithatalkentitled“There’sPlentyofRoomattheBottom”byphysicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) on December 29, 1959, long before the term nanotechnology was used. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application ofextremely small things and can beused across all the otherscience fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering. Nanoparticles are gaining attention due to their low cost, simplicity, and eco- friendlynature. Inthisvolumeentitled“NanoscienceandPlant–SoilSystems,”theeditorshave accumulatedvariousadvancedapproachesforstudyingthedifferentsoilmicroor- ganismsforthebenefitofhumankind.Currently,worldagriculturescientistsfacea widespectrumofchallengesincludingclimatechange,urbanization,andenviron- mental issues: accumulation of insecticides and pesticides, decay in soil organic matter, and sustainable use of natural resources. These challenges are going to be furtherintensifiedduetoincreaseinfooddemand.Nanotechnologyhassignificant benefitsonfoodandagriculturesystem.Throughnanotechnology,optimizationof agriculture inputs (viz. nanopesticides, nanoherbicides) to enhance the effective- ness of the active ingredients including targeted delivery and release and less dosageperapplicationandtoreducebi-productsthatotherwisedegradeecosystem vii viii Preface can be achieved. This book is divided into three parts. In the first part which includes Chaps. 1–3, the authors give introduction to nanoscience and nanotech- nology,hownanoparticlesarebeingsynthesizedwiththeiroriginandactivity,and also the application of these nanoparticles. The second part of the book which includesChaps.4–11describesnanomaterialsinsoilenvironmentwiththeirappli- cations as antimicrobial and bioremediating agents and also their effect on soil propertiesandsoilmicroorganismsandhowtheyactasafertilizer.Thelastpartof the book which includes Chaps. 12–19 describes the interaction of nanomaterials with plants and their effect on seed germination. Chapter 14 describes the role of nanoparticles on plant growth after interacting with a novel root endophyte Piriformospora indica. In Chaps. 15–21, the application of nanoparticles as a biofertilizer and pesticide and in plant disease control with the challenges faced andthreatsinvolvedwiththeuseofnanoscienceplantsoilsystemiselaborated. Wearegratefultothemanypeoplewhohelpedtobringthisvolumetolight.We wish to thank Jutta Lindenborn and Hanna Hensler-Fritton from Springer Heidel- berg for generous assistance and patience in initializing the volume. Finally, specific thanks go to our families, immediate and extended, not forgetting those who have passed away, for their support or their incentives in putting everything together. Ajit Varma in particular is very thankful to Dr. Ashok K. Chauhan, Founder President of the Ritnand Balved Education Foundation (an umbrella organization of Amity Institutions), New Delhi, for the kind support and constant encouragement received. Special thanks are due to his esteemed friend and well- wisherProfessorDr.SunilSaran,DirectorGeneral,AmityInstituteofBiotechnol- ogy,andAdvisertoFounderPresident,AmityUniverse;allfacultycolleagues;and his Ph.D. students, research fellows (Uma Singhal and Manpreet Kaur Attri), and othertechnicalstaff. Thisbookwillbeusefultomicrobiologists,nanotechnologists,andecologistsif interpreted withcaution.Iam honoredthatthe leadingscientists whohave exten- sive,in-depthexperienceandexpertiseinsoilbiologyandnanotechnologytookthe timeandefforttodeveloptheseexcellentchapters.Thisselectgroupofscientistsis uniquely suited to write these chapters and have firsthand knowledge of the methods and techniques they have presented. This ensures that the methods presentedarecurrent,relevant,andreadilyapplicable.Iwanttothankallcontrib- utingauthorsfortheirdiligenceandpatienceinbringingthisbooktofruitionwith suchcollegiality. Arak, Iran MansourGhorbanpour NewDelhi,India KhanujaManika Noida,UP,India AjitVarma Contents Part1 NanoscienceandNanomaterials 1 AnIntroductiontoNanoscienceandNanotechnology. . . . . . . . . . . 3 G.AliMansoori 2 BiosynthesisofMetalandSemiconductorNanoparticles, Scale-Up,andTheirApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 MojtabaSaloutiandNedaFaghriZonooz 3 NanomaterialandNanoparticle:OriginandActivity. . . . . . . . . . . 71 CristinaBuzeaandIvanPacheco PartII NanomaterialsinSoilEnvironment 4 EngineeredNanomaterials’EffectsonSoilProperties:Problems andAdvancesinInvestigation. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. 115 VeraTerekhova,MarinaGladkova,EugenyMilanovskiy, andKamilaKydralieva 5 NanomaterialEffectsonSoilMicroorganisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 EbrahimKarimiandEhsanMohseniFard 6 SynthesisandCharacterizationofPureandDopedZnO NanostructuresforAntimicrobialApplications:EffectofDopant ConcentrationwithTheirMechanismofAction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 KhanujaManika,Uma,andAjitVarma 7 BehaviorofNanomaterialsinSoftSoils:ACaseStudy. . . . . . . . . 219 ZaidHameedMajeedandMohdRaihanTaha 8 PotentialityofEarthwormsasBioremediatingAgentfor Nanoparticles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 ShwetaYadav ix
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