Table Of Content

Nanoparticles in Analytical and Medical Devices Nanoparticles in Analytical and Medical Devices Edited by Subash C.B. Gopinath Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia School of Bioprocess Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia Fang Gang Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning China Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Copyright©2021ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgein evaluatingandusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribed herein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafety andthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,or editors,assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatter ofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods, products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-12-821163-2 ForInformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:SusanDennis AcquisitionsEditor:KathrynEryilmaz EditorialProjectManager:LizHeijkoop ProductionProjectManager:KumarAnbazhagan CoverDesigner:VictoriaPearson TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India Contents ListofContributors ix 1 Introductiontonanoparticlesandanalyticaldevices 1 ThangavelLakshmipriyaandSubashC.B.Gopinath 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Nanoparticlesandtypes 5 1.3 Nanoparticlesinanalyticaldevices 10 1.4 Sensitivityimprovementbygoldnanoparticle-conjugates 21 1.5 Conclusion 21 References 22 Furtherreading 29 2 Nanoparticlesyntheticmethods:strengthandlimitations 31 SantheralekaRamanathan,SubashC.B.Gopinath,M.K.MdArshad, PrabakaranPoopalanandVeeradasanPerumal 2.1 Introduction 31 2.2 Synthesisofnanoparticle 32 2.3 Physicalmethod 33 2.4 Chemicalmethod 35 2.5 Biologicalmethods 38 2.6 Conclusion 39 References 40 3 Naturalresourcesfornanoparticlesynthesis 45 IswaryLetchumanan,SubashC.B.GopinathandM.K.MdArshad 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Volcanicash 46 3.3 Soil 47 3.4 Naturalwater 49 3.5 Plantextracts 50 3.6 Plantbiomass 54 References 55 4 Characterizationofnanoparticlesusingnano-analyticaltechniques 59 PeriasamyAnbu,S.JayanthiandPalaniyandiVelusamy 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 Applicationofthenanoparticles 60 vi Contents 4.3 Characterizationofnanoparticles 61 4.4 Conclusions 66 References 66 5 Nanoparticleincompositematerial 71 FatinNabilahMohdFaudziandAzrulAzlanHamzah 5.1 Nanoparticleincomposite 71 5.2 Generationofnanoparticle-assistedcomposite 73 5.3 Nanoparticle-assistedcompositeapplications 77 References 79 6 Nanoparticlesinelectrochemicalbioanalyticalanalysis 83 R.D.A.A.Rajapaksha,UdaHashim,SubashC.B.Gopinath, NorA.ParminandC.A.N.Fernando 6.1 Introduction 83 6.2 Nanoparticlesinelectrochemicalsystems 84 6.3 Electrochemicalanalysistypes 91 6.4 Concludingremarks 104 References 104 7 Nanoparticles:anemergingplatformformedicalimaging 113 DilipKumarPatel,RoohiKesharwaniandVikasKumar 7.1 Introduction 113 7.2 Nanoparticlesforbiomedicalimaging 114 7.3 Lipid-basedpharmaceuticalnanocarriersforimaging 117 7.4 Applicationofnanoparticleswithdifferentimagingmodalities 118 7.5 Conclusionandfutureperspective 121 References 122 8 Nanoparticlesforbiomedicalimagingadvancements 127 TheivasanthiThirugnanasambandan 8.1 Introduction 127 8.2 Magneticresonanceimaging 129 8.3 SPIONsinImaging 129 8.4 Paramagneticnanoparticles 134 8.5 Computedtomographyscanning 134 8.6 Multimodalimaging 135 8.7 Ironoxidenanoparticles 135 8.8 Goldnanoparticles 140 8.9 Quantumdots 141 8.10 Gadoliniumnanoparticles 143 8.11 Carbonnanomaterials 144 8.12 Silicananoparticles 144 8.13 Nanocomposites 146 8.14 Conclusion 148 Contents vii Acknowledgment 150 Abbreviations 150 References 152 9 Nanoparticlemediateddiagnosisofclinicalbiomarkersofdifferent diseases:amedicalapplicationofnanotechnology 155 NarendraMaddu 9.1 Introduction 155 9.2 Nanoparticlemediateddiagnosisindifferentclinicaldiseases 157 9.3 Conclusion 167 References 168 10 Nanoparticlesinmedicalimaging 175 JaspreetKalra,VandanaKrishna,BollaReddyS.V.Reddy,ArtiDhar, VenkataV.K.VenugantiandAudeshBhat 10.1 Introduction 175 10.2 Structureandcomposition 179 10.3 Nanoparticlesinfluorescenceimaging 180 10.4 NanoparticlesinMRIimaging 183 10.5 Nanoparticlesincomputedtomographyimagingapplications 186 10.6 NanoparticlesinPET/SPECTimagingapplications 189 10.7 Nanoparticlesinultrasoundimagingapplications 191 10.8 Nanoparticlesinmultimodalityimagingapplications 194 10.9 Conclusion 197 References 198 11 Diagnosingmetabolicdiseasesbynanoparticleimmobilization 211 NorA.Parmin,UdaHashim,SubashC.B.Gopinath,Sh.Nadzirah, M.N.A.Uda,M.N.AfnanUda,V.C.Hong,MIsaAand AhmadRadiWanYaakub 11.1 Introduction 211 11.2 Diabetesmellitus 211 11.3 Posttraumaticstressdisorder 212 11.4 Cancer 212 11.5 Discoveryofnanoparticlesformetabolicdisease 213 11.6 Detectiontechniquebyusingoptical 213 11.7 Goldnanoparticlesascellcontrolleronthemetabolicprofile forpriorexistingobesity 214 11.8 Nanomaterialsforcardiovascularinfectiondisease 214 11.9 Nanostructuresurfaceonbiomaterial 216 11.10 Nanoparticlesforcardiovasculardiseaseapplications 217 11.11 Magneticnanoparticlesinmagneticresonance imaginganddrug delivery 217 11.12 Diagnosingmetabolicdiseasebyusingaptamerimmobilization 219 11.13 Conclusion 219 References 219 viii Contents 12 Characterizationofsynthesizednanoparticlesformedicaldevices: currenttechniquesandrecentadvances 223 LeonardSeanAnthony,VeeradasanPerumal,NoraniMutiMohamed, SharmaRaoBalakrishnanandSubashC.B.Gopinath 12.1 Introduction 223 12.2 Characterizationtechniques 225 12.3 Recentadvances 236 12.4 Conclusions 241 References 241 13 Non-metallicnanomaterialproductionsfromnaturalresources 247 TineshaSelvaraj,VeeradasanPerumalandShingFhanKhor 13.1 Introduction 247 13.2 Sourceandpropertiesofcellulose 249 13.3 Cellulosenanomaterials 249 13.4 Applicationinthemedicalfield 268 13.5 Conclusionsandfutureperspectives 271 References 271 14 Productionofpowder-activatedcarbon fromnaturalresources 277 Y.Al-DouriandAlfarooqO.Basheer 14.1 Introduction 277 14.2 Naturalresources 278 14.3 Detailedresults 280 14.4 Analysisandcharacterization 285 14.5 Adsorptionstudy 291 14.6 Conclusions 296 References 296 15 Fabricationandanalysisofstarch-basedgreenmaterials 301 Y.Al-Douri 15.1 Introduction 301 15.2 Bioresources 302 15.3 Naturalresources 304 15.4 Rawmaterialofstarch 305 15.5 Analysisandcharacterization 307 15.6 Thefutureofstarch 313 15.7 Conclusions 315 References 316 Index 319 List of Contributors Y. Al-Douri Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University Research Center, Cihan University Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul,Turkey Periasamy Anbu Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, SouthKorea Leonard Sean Anthony Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), University Technology Petronas, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia; Department of MechanicalEngineering,UniversityTechnologyPetronas,SeriIskandar,Malaysia M.K. Md Arshad Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; School of Microelectronic Engineering, University MalaysiaPerlis,Arau,Perlis,Malaysia Sharma Rao Balakrishnan Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UniversityScienceIslamMalaysia,NegeriSembilan,Malaysia Alfarooq O. Basheer Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University KebangsaanMalaysia,Bangi,Malaysia Audesh Bhat Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, India Arti Dhar Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India Fatin Nabilah Mohd Faudzi Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, UniversitiKebangsaan,SelangorDarulEhsan,Malaysia C.A.N. Fernando Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Electronics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, SriLanka x ListofContributors Subash C.B. Gopinath Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; School of Bioprocess Engineering, UniversityMalaysiaPerlis,Arau,Perlis,Malaysia Azrul Azlan Hamzah Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, UniversitiKebangsaan,SelangorDarulEhsan,Malaysia Uda Hashim Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; School of Microelectronic Engineering, University MalaysiaPerlis,Arau,Perlis,Malaysia V.C. Hong Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar,Perlis,Malaysia M Isa A Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar,Perlis,Malaysia S.Jayanthi DepartmentofComputerApplications,CauveryCollege,Trichy,India Jaspreet Kalra Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad,India Roohi Kesharwani Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences,Prayagraj,India Shing Fhan Khor School of Electrical System Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis,Kangar,Malaysia Vandana Krishna Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad,India Vikas Kumar Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj,India Thangavel Lakshmipriya Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University MalaysiaPerlis,Kangar,Perlis,Malaysia Iswary Letchumanan Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University MalaysiaPerlis,Kangar,Perlis,Malaysia Narendra Maddu Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu,India ListofContributors xi Norani Muti Mohamed Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), University Technology Petronas, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia; Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, University Technology Petronas, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia Sh. Nadzirah Institute of Micro Engineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), UniversitiKebangsaanMalaysia(UKM),BandarBaruBangi,Malaysia Nor A. Parmin Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; School of Bioprocess Engineering, University MalaysiaPerlis,Arau,Perlis,Malaysia Dilip Kumar Patel Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences,Prayagraj,India Veeradasan Perumal Mechanical Engineering Department, University Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia; Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), University Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar,Malaysia Prabakaran Poopalan School of Microelectronic Engineering, University MalaysiaPerlis,Arau,Perlis,Malaysia R.D.A.A. Rajapaksha Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; EFAML, College of Chemistry, Central ChinaNormalUniversity,Wuhan,P.R.China Santheraleka Ramanathan Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, University MalaysiaPerlis,Kangar,Perlis,Malaysia BollaReddy S.V. Reddy Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus,Hyderabad,India Tinesha Selvaraj Mechanical Engineering Department, University Teknologi Petronas,SeriIskandar,Malaysia Theivasanthi Thirugnanasambandan International Research Centre, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed University), Krishnankoil,Virudhunagar,India M.N. Afnan Uda School of Microelectronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis,Arau,Perlis,Malaysia