Nanomycotoxicology: Treating Mycotoxins in the Nano Way PDF
Preview Nanomycotoxicology: Treating Mycotoxins in the Nano Way
Nanomycotoxicology Treating Mycotoxins in the Nano Way Edited by Mahendra Rai Nanobiotechnology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology SGB Amravati University Amravati, Maharashtra, India Department of Chemistry Federal University of Piaui Teresina, Brazil Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam Plant Pathology Research Institute Agricultural Research Center (ARC) Giza, Egypt AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 125LondonWall,LondonEC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom 525BStreet,Suite1650,SanDiego,CA92101,UnitedStates 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom Copyright©2020ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-0-12-817998-7 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublicationsvisitour websiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:AndreG.Wolff AcquisitionEditor:KattieWashington SeniorEditorialProjectManager:PatGonzalez SeniorProductionProjectManager:PoulouseJoseph CoverDesigner:MatthewLimbert TypesetbyTNQTechnologies List of contributors Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center(ARC),Giza,Egypt;UnitofExcellenceinNano-MolecularPlantPathology Research, PlantPathologyResearchInstitute, Giza,Egypt Hassan Almoammar, National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science andTechnology(KACST),Riyadh,SaudiArabia Carolina Alves dos Santos, Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, UniversityofSorocaba, Sorocaba,Sa˜o Paulo,Brazil Pierce Bloebaum, Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, United States; Institute of Green Nanotechnology, Univer- sity ofMissouri,OneHospitalDrive,Columbia,MO,UnitedStates NahlaA.Bouqellah,Taibah University,Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah,SaudiArabia Kemal C¸elik, C¸anakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Agricultural Faculty, C¸anakkale, Turkey Marco Vin´ıcius Chaud, Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University ofSorocaba, Sorocaba,Sa˜o Paulo,Brazil Ana Maria de Oliveira, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, FederalUniversityofSa˜oJoa˜o delRei, OuroBranco,Brazil Enio Nazare´ de Oliveira Junior, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Federal University of Sa˜o Joa˜o del Rei, Ouro Branco, Brazil AhmedM.A.El-Hamaky,DepartmentofMycologyandMycotoxins,AnimalHealth Research Institute,Agriculture ResearchCenter,Cairo,Egypt MedhatA.El-Naggar,PlantPathologyResearchInstitute,AgriculturalResearchCenter (ARC),Giza,Egypt;ResearchCentralLaboratory,SAGO,Riyadh,SaudiArabia GennadyEvtugyn,KazanFederalUniversity,Kazan,Russia Juliana Ferreira de Souza, Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, UniversityofSorocaba, Sorocaba,Sa˜o Paulo,Brazil Mohamed Amine Gacem, Laboratory of Ecosystems Protection in Arid and Semi- Arid Area, University of Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla, Algeria; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research,Braunschweig, Germany Hiba Gacem, Epidemiology Service and Preventive Medicine, Hassani Abdelkader University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Djillali Liabes, Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Algeria xv xvi Listofcontributors Ahmed Ghannouchi, CIHEAM IAMB, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Bari,Italy Ma´riaGlobanova´,SlovakMedicalUniversityinBratislava,Bratislava,Slovakia Indarchand Gupta, Department of Biotechnology, Government Institute of Science, Aurangabad,Maharashtra,India Atef A. Hassan, Department of Mycology and Mycotoxins, Animal Health Research Institute,AgricultureResearch Center,Cairo,Egypt TiborHianik,ComeniusUniversity,Bratislava,Slovakia Mohamed I.M. Ibrahim, Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National ResearchCentre,Cairo,Egypt Avinash P. Ingle, Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, Uni- versityofSaoPaulo,Lorena,SP,Brazil Josef Jamp´ılek, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Division of Biologically Active Complexes and Molecular Magnets, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies andMaterials,Faculty ofScience,Palacky University,Olomouc, CzechRepublic PritiJogee,NanobiotechnologyLaboratory,DepartmentofBiotechnology,SantGadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India; Department of Botany, Prof.RamkrishnaMoreArts,CommerceandScienceCollege,Pune,Maharashtra, India Alice Raphael Karikachery, Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, One HospitalDrive,Columbia,MO,UnitedStates;InstituteofGreenNanotechnology, UniversityofMissouri,OneHospitalDrive,Columbia,MO,UnitedStates Kavita K. Katti, Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, United States; Institute of Green Nanotechnology, Univer- sityofMissouri,OneHospitalDrive,Columbia,MO, UnitedStates Kattesh V. Katti, Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, United States; Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, UniversityofMissouri,OneHospitalDrive,Columbia,MO,UnitedStates;Institute ofGreenNanotechnology,UniversityofMissouri,OneHospitalDrive,Columbia, MO,UnitedStates Menka Khoobchandani, Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, One HospitalDrive,Columbia,MO,UnitedStates;InstituteofGreenNanotechnology, UniversityofMissouri,OneHospitalDrive,Columbia,MO,UnitedStates (cid:1) Katar´ına Kra´lova´, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University,Bratislava,Slovakia Rena´taLehotska´,SlovakMedicalUniversityinBratislava,Bratislava,Slovakia Mohamed A. Mohamed, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center(ARC),Giza,Egypt Listofcontributors xvii EmmanuelNjukwe,InternationalInstituteofTropicalAgriculture(IITA),Bujumbura, Burundi Noha H.Oraby,Department ofMycologyand Mycotoxins,AnimalHealth Research Institute, AgricultureResearch Center,Cairo,Egypt Aminata Ould El Hadj Khelil, Laboratory of Ecosystems Protection in Arid and Semi-AridArea,UniversityofKasdiMerbah,Ouargla,Algeria Elena Pieckova´,Slovak MedicalUniversityinBratislava,Bratislava,Slovakia JoanaC.Pieretti,Center forNatural andHuman Sciences(CCNH), Federal Univer- sity ofABC(UFABC),SantoAndre´,SP,Brazil Mahendra Rai, Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India; Department of Chemistry,FederalUniversityofPiaui,Teresina,Brazil Mohamed M. Ramadan, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC),Giza,Egypt Thais Francine Ribeiro Alves, Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, UniversityofSorocaba, Sorocaba,Sa˜o Paulo,Brazil Alessandra Caˆndida Rios, Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Univer- sity ofSorocaba,Sorocaba,Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil Wallace R. Rolim, Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal UniversityofABC(UFABC),SantoAndre´,SP,Brazil Rasha M. Sayed-Elahl, Department of Mycology and Mycotoxins, Animal Health Research Institute,Agriculture ResearchCenter,Cairo,Egypt Amedea B. Seabra, Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal UniversityofABC(UFABC),SantoAndre´,SP,Brazil Alia Telli, Laboratory of Ecosystems Protection in Arid and Semi-Arid Area, UniversityofKasdiMerbah,Ouargla,Algeria;DepartmentofBiology,Facultyof Naturel LifeandEarth Sciences,UniversityofGharda¨ıa,Gharda¨ıa,Algeria VelaphiC.Thipe,Department ofChemistry, UniversityofMissouri, Columbia,MO, United States; Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive,Columbia,MO,UnitedStates Cecilia Torqueti de Barros, Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, UniversityofSorocaba, Sorocaba,Sa˜o Paulo,Brazil Patchimaporn Udomkun, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Bujumbura,Burundi Preface Manyfungiplaynoteworthyroleinspoilageofcrops,fruits,andvegetablesasa pathogen or by contamination of the harvested products. Within the distinct phases of pathogenesis, however, these fungi can produce diverse secondary metaboliteswhichcanhaveseverallethaleffectsinbothanimalsandhumansby invasion of food chain sometimes directly from plant-based food elements infected with mycotoxins or by indirect contamination from the growth of toxigenicfungionfood. The most significant toxicogenic fungi include Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria. A major part of the worldwide people depends on cereals as an essential food, and therefore, there is a huge risk of mycotoxin contamination. Furthermore, mycotoxin contamination often has a significant economic and social impact, particularly when its incidence in agricultural commodities is beyond the regulation limits set by national and transnational establishments.Themodernadvancesinnanotechnologyhaverevealedawide rangeofapplicationsindetection,diagnosis,andcontrolofpathogensbecauseof thenewpropertiesofnanomaterials.Severalarticlesandpatentsthatdealwith applications of nanotechnology tools offood testing and safety for mycotoxin contaminationsarebeingpublishedannually. Withitswell-knowninternationalteamofcontributors,Nanomycotoxicology: Treating Mycotoxins in the Nano Way discusses the role of nanotechnology in the detection, toxicity, and management of different types of mycotoxins. This bookisorganizedinto20chaptersinthreeparts:itopenswithanintroductionto thetopicofnanomycotoxicology;SectionIexaminestheroleofnanotechnology inthedetectionandanalysisofmycotoxins;andSectionIIdescribestheappli- cationofnanotechnologyforquicker,morecost-effective,andprecisediagnostic proceduresaswellasthesynthesis,toxicity,andmanagementofmycotoxigenic fungi. The book covers new topics such as application of nanotechnology in disease management, disease forecasting, disease resistance, mycotoxin detec- tion,andnanodiagnosticandmoleculartechniques. This book is an interdisciplinary reference for scientists and researchers working in the field of mycotoxicology, nanotechnology, mycology, plant sci- ence, andfood safety and is a useful tool for industrial scientists investigating technologiestoupdatetheirnanotoxicologyandnanosafetyknowledge. Itisanexcellentintroductiontothiscomplextopicorausefulsupplementto courses in the field of nanomycotoxicology. The purpose of this book is to xix xx Preface providebasicknowledgeandinformationtopostgraduatestudentsandscientists interested in the upstream research on food safety aspects such as the role of nanotechnology in mycotoxicology, application of nanomaterials for detection ofmycotoxinsand,finally,covertheroleofnanotechnologyinthemanagement ofmycotoxinsandmycotoxigenicfungi. Wearenotabletoendwithoutacknowledgingtheauthors,whohavemade significant contribution to this book. Elsevier publisher, who also offered an incredibly great level of professionalism, reliability, and tolerance during the entireprocedure,islikewisesignificantlycommended.WethankKattieWash- ingtonandPatGonzalez,publishingprocessmanagers,forofferingtheprospect forpublishingthisbook.Last,andbynomeansleast,weexpressourgratitudeto the expert reviewers for their particular informative commentary on this book chapters. Chapter 1 An introduction to nanomycotoxicology Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam1,4, Mahendra Rai2,3 1PlantPathologyResearchInstitute,AgriculturalResearchCenter(ARC),Giza,Egypt; 2NanobiotechnologyLaboratory,DepartmentofBiotechnology,SantGadgeBabaAmravati University,Amravati,Maharashtra,India;3DepartmentofChemistry,FederalUniversityofPiaui, Teresina,Brazil;4UnitofExcellenceinNano-MolecularPlantPathologyResearch,Plant PathologyResearchInstitute,Giza,Egypt 1. Introduction According to Food and Agriculture Organization, mycotoxins are responsible for contamination of approximately 25% of the world’s food crops. Globally, 100milliontonsoftheagriculturalproducts,suchasmaize,peanuts,coconut, betel nuts, and oilseeds, are at high risk, of which 20 million tons come from the developing nations [1]. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi, which can be parasites or saprophytes of crop plants or livestock forage. The most important toxicogenic fungi are Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria. A major part of the universal population in all over the world depends on cereals as a main food, and therefore, there is a high risk of mycotoxin.Moreover,mycotoxincontaminationcanhavealargefinancialand social impact, specifically when the incidence of mycotoxin in food com- modities is beyond the regulation limits set up by national and transnational establishments. There are various techniques for mycotoxin analysis. These include mainly ELISA test, the lateral flow test, the screening cards, and immunoaffinity columns. Lately, the emergence of nanotechnology in bio- sensors has enabled scientists for detection of mycotoxins rapidly. The development of sensors by using nanomaterials affords exquisite benefits inclusiveof miniaturization of devices. These nanomaterial-based sensors are rapid,sensitive,economicallyviable,andhenceusefulforthefoodenterprises for the detection of mycotoxins and maintenance of food quality [2]. The utilization of nanotechnology in maintenance of plant health particularly for the control of secondary metabolites, fast detection and management of the diseases,enhancedcapabilityforuptakeofnutrients,andformulationanduse of effective nanofertilizers has proved it to be a powerful technology, and Nanomycotoxicology.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817998-7.00001-X Copyright©2020ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 1 2 Nanomycotoxicology therefore, it has the capability to revolutionize food and agriculture [3]. The emergence of nanotechnology and the development of nanoscale materials have madevital changes in agriculture [4,5]. The progress in nanotechnology is responsible for the invention of many methods beneficial for the detection andsensingofmycotoxininlivestock[6e8].Furthermore,theresearchersare involved in the fabrication of most sensitive systems for the detection and control of mycotoxigenic fungi and their toxins [9]. The usage of nanotech- nologyforimprovementofnanobiosensorswillbeanovelstrategyforthefast detection of mycotoxins. The production of nanobiosensors and their use for the recognition of the mycotoxins in food and feed would be immensely helpful [10,11]. Thus, there is a huge demand to develop a feasible approach to manage toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins. Nanotechnological claims in myco- toxicology are still in its primary stage. Currently, research has been focused on the development of new nanomaterials to inhibit pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins [12]. Nanotechnology can precisely target specific food safety problems inagriculture, such as itsapplication against toxicogenic fungi, and provide new techniques for detection and management of mycotoxins, for example, using bio- and nanosensors for detection of mycotoxins. A new nanobiotechnologymethoddescribesanovelplantgenetransfertechniquefor improvement of resistance in crops against plant pathogens to enhance food security.Inaddition,quantumdotsplayanimportantroleforrapidrecognition of a specific biological marker with great precision. Nanobiosensor, quantum dots,nanoimaging,andnanoporeDNAsequencinghaveprovedtheirpotential to increase specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity in disease detection and man- agementoffoodqualityandsafety.Now,nanofungicidesandnanocomposites are being used widely in agriculture and environmental applications. Mycotoxicology is the branch of mycology that focuses on analyzing and findingoutthesecondarymetaboliteproducedbyfungi,knownasmycotoxins, whereas nanomycotoxicology deals with the treatment of the mycotoxins in nanoway.Throughoutthelastyears,nanoresearcherspublished57,558articles inagriculture,161,029articlesinfoods,and351,547articlesinenvironmental nanotechnology.Today,there aremorethan847nanotechnology patentsused for identification, purification, and management of aflatoxins, and 679 different types of nanoparticles patent used to identify, purify, and manage different mycotoxins (Fig. 1.1). 2. Mycotoxicogenic fungi The incidence of fungi and production of mycotoxins in agricultural crops occur under favorable conditions in the field (preharvest), at harvest, and duringhandling,transport,andstorage.SomeFusariumspeciesarecommunal plant pathogenic fungi occurring globally, particularly associated with cereal crops.Thereare morethan100secondarymetabolitesproducedbyFusarium species,anumberofwhichcancriticallyaffecthumanandanimalhealth[13].
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