Nanomaterials and Biomedicine: Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approach

145 Pages·2020·2.842 MB·English

by  Ena Ray Banerjee (editor)

Ena Ray Banerjee  Editor
Nanomaterials
and Biomedicine
Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approach
Nanomaterials and Biomedicine
Ena Ray Banerjee
Editor
Nanomaterials and
Biomedicine
Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approach
Editor
EnaRayBanerjee
DepartmentofZoology
UniversityofCalcutta
Kolkata,WestBengal,India
ISBN978-981-15-5273-1 ISBN978-981-15-5274-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5274-8
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To my children Urbi, Adit and Arit
Foreword
‘Smallisbeautiful’.Thisoft-repeatedcatchphrasemaywelldefinetheoverarching
reachofsmallness,inotherwordsnanosizedparticlesandtheirinfinitepotentialfor
interpolation and extrapolation. This book Nanomaterials and Biomedicine: A
Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approach, edited by Professor Ena Ray Banerjee and
her team, outlines the enormous advantage and the infinite possibilities of using
nanosizedmaterialsinpureandcompositeformsthatmakeeffectivecommunication
a cakewalk for the innumerable biological entities that malfunction only because
communicationbetweenthemareinterruptedorgetlostintranslation.Thisisatthe
heart of biologists and medical profession’s combined efforts towards ensuring
optimal flow of information amongst stakeholder factors within organisms, their
systemsandtheenvironmentalnetwork.
Interdisciplinarity is key in solving such problems as – how nanoparticles first
caught the attention of mankind’s practice of science and technology and held it?
How possibilities revealed themselves as new information emerged about
nanomaterials,someserendipitously,somethroughmeticuloustheoreticalandprac-
ticalresearchandvalidationviamany-prongedideasandpracticesbetweenvirtually
all disciplines of study? As we come to know more and more about the physico-
chemical properties of nanomaterials, about their inter-relationships and reactions
with the biological world, further possibilities of intervention keep opening up;
bioprospectingbeingkeytounderstandingandconservingthenaturalworld,using
nanoscience seems the next natural transition into objective and effective
identification–wheedlinginformationasitwere,fromnanoremnantsofanorganism
through DNA barcoding; biomedical devices through their innate biophysical
attributesmakemedicalsciencelessfalliblebyinventionandfine-tuningofefficient
diagnostic tools – better tissue engineering to determine and deviate cell fate to
address erstwhile irreversible degenerative damage, understanding dynamics of
functionalfoodandbiotherapeuticssuchaspro-andprebiotics,andnanoantibodies
forprophylactic,diagnosticaswellastherapeuticintervention.
Toensurethatmoreandmoredomainexpertsgetattractedtothisconvergenceof
innovative thinking and more and more novices are introduced in as simple and
non-technical term as possible, to the enormous opportunities this field offers, this
bookexplainswhatnanomaterialsareandtheevolutionofthefield.Thenitfurther
elaborateswhatcanbedonewiththeknowledge –whatiscurrentlybeingthought
vviiii
viii Foreword
anddoneandwhatthechallenges lietherein,andwithremovalofroadblockshow
nanobiomedicinemaysoarhigherandilluminatenewerterritories.
This book is unique as topics range from the materials themselves to their
applicationsinareasasfar-flungasagriculture,taxonomy,medicineandunderstand-
ingofthemany-facetedbiologicalsciences.
In a nutshell, this book is for everyone, for students who wish to know what
nanoscienceis,fortheresearcherwhowantstodelvedeeperintodomainknowledge
andfortheprofessionalasamultidisciplinaryreadyreckoner.
PrincipalScientist,IndianInstitute UmeshPrasadSingh
ofChemicalBiology
Kolkata,WestBengal,India
Preface
To a researcher of the life sciences, the biological sciences, and/or medicine,
understanding of the organism is the first step on which are built later on, with
advancement of understanding of the subjects where domains frequently overlap,
how each “node” or important information processing center, be it a cell, an
organelle, a tissue, an organoid, or simply a key receptor or channel, functions
vis-à-visotherslikeittomaintainequilibrium withinaterrificfunctionaldynamics
operatingto sustain“life” aswe know it. The stupendous diversity of nano-micro-
macro forms and the predictability-unpredictability paradigm of their functionality
(switch on–switch off) need understanding how each of these forms evolved,
adhered, and cohered and then dissociated to give rise to many forms and many
possibilities of cellular and molecular functions within living organisms. How a
system, be it the immune network, the circulatory system, the communication arcs
that control cell signals or cell birth-death cyclicity, nano sized particles, peptides,
sugars, portions of nucleic acid, parts of a lipid tail, etc. may be fashioned as
powerful and very flexible aid-to-communication or counter-communicators to
reset/rebootasystemandre-establishhomeostasis.
Here’shopingthattheeasy-to-understandperspectiveonhowstudyinthisfield
onnanoscienceresearchbeganandthenexpandedtoitspresentforminBiomedicine
will inspire many an inquisitive mind to delve deeper in order to fathom the
possibilitiesofthisdomainknowledge.
Kolkata,WestBengal,India EnaRayBanerjee
February24,2020
ix
Contents
1 IntroductiontoNanoscience,NanotechnologyandNanoparticles. . . 1
AbhishekMandalandEnaRayBanerjee
2 NanoscienceandBioprospecting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
RanitaBoseandEnaRayBanerjee
3 NanomaterialsandTheirUseinBiomedicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
NanditaGhoshandEnaRayBanerjee
4 NanoscaffoldsinTissueEngineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
NanditaGhoshandEnaRayBanerjee
5 NanoscienceResearchinRegenerativeMedicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
ShinjiniMitra,PayalPal,andEnaRayBanerjee
6 NanotechnologyandFunctionalFood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
AbhishekMandalandEnaRayBanerjee
7 Eco-compatibleSingleFormatNanobioantibody. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
PramathadhipPaulandEnaRayBanerjee
8 NanoscienceandDNABarcoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
PayalPalandEnaRayBanerjee
xxii
About the Editor
Ena Ray Banerjee is a Senior Professor of Zoology, Principal Investigator and
Leader of the Translational Outcomes Research Group, and Head of the
ImmunobiologyandRegenerativeMedicineResearchLaboratoryattheDepartment
ofZoology,UniversityofCalcutta,WestBengal,India.Shepreviouslyservedasa
VisitingScholarattheDepartmentofMedicine,UniversityOfWashingtonSchool
OfMedicine,USA(2003–2007),andasaSeniorInvestigatoratAdvinusTherapeu-
ticsPvtLtd,PuneandBangalore,India(2007–2009).SheisthefoundingDirectorof
BioConsort Consultancy and Research LLP, and is also the co-founder of Consor-
tium for Life, a multi-disciplinary network of academic and non-academic
professionals working on various applications in the health sciences, environment,
education and healthcare. Her main research interests are immunobiology and
regenerativemedicineinthecontextofzoology,biomedicine,thelifesciencesand
biotechnology,withafocusondrugdiscoveryandtranslationalresearchondevel-
oping technologies for bio-prospecting and healthcare, nutraceuticals, tissue engi-
neering and nanotechnology. She has received various prestigious awards, notably
the R.K. Sur Memorial medal, The Zoological Society of India award, and the
Anupama Ullas Somman award for valuable contributions to Women’s Empower-
ment(fromCalcuttaUniversityBCWcellandTurnstoneGlobal).Shehasmorethan
25yearsofteachingandresearchexperienceinacademiaandindustryinIndiaand
theUSA.
She has also published over 50 research articles in peer-reviewed international
journals and authored or co-authored numerous books and book chapters. She is a
memberofseveralinternationalscientificsocietiesandorganizationsandservesasa
committee member and in an advisory capacity to various government,
non-government,non-profitandcorporateprojects.
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