NanoInnovation: What Every Manager Needs to Know

399 Pages·2014·5.673 MB·English

by  Michael Tomczyk

N T Michael Tomczyk
anoInnovation: What Every Manager Needs to Know is the most comprehensive o
book written to-date on innovative technologies and applications in the fi eld of m
nanotechnology. Author Michael Tomczyk conducted more than 150 interviews
c
with nano-insiders to present the inside story of scientifi c discoveries, research z
y Nano nnovation
breakthroughs, and commercial products and applications that are already
k
changing our lives, thanks to the remarkable ability to manipulate atoms and
molecules at the nanoscale.
Michael Tomczyk is one of the world’s leading authorities on
nanoinnovation, and an expert on the impact of disruptive
innovations on industries and markets. He became interested in
nanotechnology while serving as Managing Director of the Emerging
Technologies Program and the Mack Institute for Innovation Whaatt Eveeryy Maanaaggeer Neeeeddss ttoo Knoow
Management at the Wharton School (University of Pennsylvania),
where he provided managerial leadership for more than 18 years.
He is a founding strategic advisor at the Nanotechnology Research
Foundation, and served on the senior leadership of the IEEE/IEC
committee that developed standards for the use of nanotechnology
in electronics. As a technology pioneer, Michael is best known for his
role in the development of the fi rst home computers (at Commodore)
in the 1980s. He holds master’s degrees in business (UCLA) and N
environmental studies (University of Pennsylvania) and a bachelor of
a
arts in literature and journalism. Michael has written more than 150
n
articles. He retired from the University of Pennsylvania in June 2014
o
and is currently Innovator in Residence at Villanova University.

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www.wiley-vch.de

MichaelTomczyk
NanoInnovation
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Michael Tomczyk
NanoInnovation
What Every Manager Needs to Know
Author AllbookspublishedbyWiley-VCHarecarefully
produced.Nevertheless,authors,editors,andpub-
MichaelTomczyk
lisherdonotwarranttheinformationcontainedin
InnovatorinResidence thesebooks,includingthisbook,tobefreeof
VillanovaUniversity
errors.Readersareadvisedtokeepinmindthat
Villanova,Pennsylvania
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2015Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH&Co.KGaA,
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Thisbookisdedicatedto
FredKavli(1927–2013)
FounderandChairman,TheKavliFoundation
This book is dedicated to the late Fred Kavli. I was privileged to meet Fred in
2011attheWhartonSchoolwhenhewasbeingpresentedwiththeFranklinInsti-
tute’sBowerAwardforBusinessLeadership.Heprovidedthefollowingquotation
forthisbook,althoughsadlyhedidnotlivetoseeitpublished:
“Wecannotpredictthefutureand
foresee alltherevolutionarydevel-
opments that nanotechnology will
bring us, but it gives us confi-
dence that our rate of develop-
ment and discovery will follow
the logarithmic curve and main-
tain an ever-increasing rate of
expansionanddiscovery tobring
us a future that is so revolution-
ary that we cannot even imagine
it today anymore that we could
imagine the revolution that the
transistor would bring when it
wasdiscoveredinthe1940’s.”
Fred was a Norwegian (and natural-
ized American) entrepreneur, inventor,
and philanthropist who used his wealth
Figure1 FredKavliandMichaelTomczyk. tofundtheKavliFoundation,KavliPrize,
and Kavli Institutes, including the Kavli
Institute for Bionano Science and Technology at Harvard University. As you can
see from this photo, the octogenarian retained his enthusiasm throughout his life
andisawonderfulexampleofaworld-classinnovationchampion.

VII
Contents
Preface XI
Acknowledgement XV
PartI WhatYouKnow(orDon’tKnow)aboutNanoinnovation 1
1 Quick–NameSomething“Nano” 3
YourNanoI.Q 13
2 AQuick-StartGuide:10ThingsYouShouldKnowAbout
Nanoinnovation 17
2.1 10ThingsYouShouldKnowaboutNanoinnovation 17
2.1.1 WhatisNanoinnovation? 18
2.1.2 FiveCategoriesofNanoinnovation 20
2.1.3 LearningtheJargonofNanoinnovation 23
2.1.4 HowSmallIsNanoscale? 26
2.1.5 WhatAretheUnique(Quantum)PropertiesofNanotechnology? 28
2.1.6 TheMetricsofNanoinnovation 30
2.1.7 TheNeedtoBecomeNanodextrous 36
2.1.8 WhereAreWeNowintheEvolutionofNanoinnovation? 37
2.1.9 AShortHistoryofModern–andAncient–Nanoinnovation 40
2.1.10 CriticalIssuesforNanoinnovation 51
References 52
PartII TheScienceofNanoinnovation 55
3 WhatNanoscientistsAreWorkingOn 57
3.1 UsingNanosciencetoSolvePuzzlesandUnlockInnovations 58
3.2 SolidSmoke:CatchingtheComet’sTail 60
3.3 TurningDNAintoBoxes,Lattices,andPyramids 62
3.4 HowNanoinnovationIsExtendingMoore’sLaw 67
3.5 InvisibilityCloaks,OpticalTweezers,andNanophotonics 72
VIII Contents
3.6 NanoscienceWildCards:WillTreeLightsReplaceStreetlights? 77
3.7 ScienceGeniusversusCommercialChallenge 84
3.8 NanosciencePioneersAreMappingtheFuture 87
References 89
4 ImagingtheUnseen:ViewingStructuresSmallerthanLightWaves 91
4.1 WhatNanoImagesReveal 91
4.2 UsingElectronsInsteadofLighttoViewNanoscaleStructures 97
4.3 AShortHistoryofNanoscaleImaging 97
4.4 DifferentTypesofNanoscaleMicroscopes 99
4.5 BringingBiologicalNanostructuresintoFocus 102
4.6 UsingOpticalImagingSystemstoViewNanoscaleStructures 104
4.7 ProbingtheFuture 106
4.8 NanoscopesonMars 109
4.9 TheFutureofNanoscaleImaging 111
References 112
5 WhereNanoscienceBecomesNanoart 113
5.1 HolisticNanoattheConvergenceofNanobliss,Nanoform,and
Nanofunction 116
5.2 InnovatingattheConvergenceofBiomimetics,Nanoart,and
Nanoscience 119
5.3 UsingArttoConceptualizetheFuture 123
Reference 125
PartIII TheBusinessofNanoinnovation 127
6 LessonsfromtheFirstWaveofNanoventures 129
6.1 TheFirstWaveofNanoventures 130
6.2 Zyvex:DivideandConquer 131
6.3 ZyvexPiranha:TheFirstCarbonNanotubeBoat 139
6.4 Nantero:Patent,Fabricate,Outsource 143
6.5 QuantumSphere:CompetitiveCatalysts 147
6.6 InsituTec:FromGradStudentstoCommercialVenture 153
6.7 Nanocomp:TakingNanotubestoJupiterandBeyond 155
6.8 Nanosys:ResurrectionandRedemption 159
6.9 GrapheneFrontiers:CommercializingGraphene 162
6.10 CarbonNanotechnologies:EarlyPromise,NotFulfilled 165
References 165
7 ImplementingYourNanoinnovationStrategy 167
7.1 ASense-MakingFrameworkforNanoinnovators 167
7.2 10StrategicQuestionsthatNanoinnovatorsNeedtoAsk 168
7.2.1 What’stheValueProposition? 169