Engineering Materials Mohammad Jawaid Abou el Kacem Qaiss Rachid Bouhfid Editors Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composites Nanocomposites and Bionanocomposites Engineering Materials The “Engineering Materials” series provides topical information on innovative, structural and functional materials and composites with applications in optical, electronical, mechanical, civil, aeronautical, medical, bio and nano engineering. The individual volumes are complete, comprehensive monographs covering the structure, properties, manufacturing process and applications of these materials. This multidisciplinary series is devoted to professionals, students and all those interested in the latest developments in the Materials Science field. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/4288 Mohammad Jawaid Abou el Kacem Qaiss (cid:129) fi Rachid Bouh d Editors Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composites Nanocomposites and Bionanocomposites 123 Editors Mohammad Jawaid RachidBouhfid Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Laboratory of Polymer Processing INTROP MAScIRFoundation Universiti PutraMalaysia Rabat Serdang Morocco Malaysia Abou elKacem Qaiss Laboratory of Polymer Processing MAScIRFoundation Rabat Morocco ISSN 1612-1317 ISSN 1868-1212 (electronic) Engineering Materials ISBN978-981-10-1952-4 ISBN978-981-10-1953-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1953-1 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016936990 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaSingapore2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerScience+BusinessMediaSingaporePteLtd. To Our Parents Parents of Dr. Mohammad Jawaid Ziaur Rahman (Father) Late Razia Rahman (Mother) Parents of Dr. Abou el Kacem Qaiss Mohammed Qaiss (Father) Khadija Ghazouli (Mother) Parents of Dr. Rachid Bouhfid Lahcen Bouhfid (Father) Khadija Lograi (Mother) Preface Nowadaysnanoclay-basedpolymericmaterialsdisplaybetterutilizationindifferent applications. The nanoclay as inorganic fillers results from the exfoliation or the dispersion at nanoscale into polymeric matrices, which allows the improvement of nanocomposites properties by adding small quantities of clay due to the high specific area and the possibility to reach an affinity between the nanoclay and the polymericmatrix.Recentstudiesreportedaboutfabricationandcharacterizationof nanoclay-based nanocomposites and bionanocomposites, which illustrated better mechanical and thermal properties as compared to nanoclay-reinforced polymer composites.Theproposedbookisfocusedonnanoclay-basednanocompositesand bionanocomposites fabrication, characterization, and applications. It will also includetheclassificationoftheclaywhichcanbenano-sized,chemicallymodified, processing techniques of the nanocomposites based on nanoclay. The readers will find complete information about nanoclay modification and functionalization, modification of nanoclay systems, characteristic properties of nanoclay and nanoparticulate-based nanocomposites, modification of nanoclay systems, geolog- ical and mineralogical research on clays suitability, role of various polymers and shape of nanoclays on bionanocomposites, effect of nanoclays on gas barrier propertiesofpolymersandco-polymersnanocompositesanddifferentpropertiesof tropical wood polymer nanocomposites, bionanocomposites based on modi- fied montmorillonite and nanocrystaline cellulose, synthesis of natural rubber/ palygorskite nanocomposites, hybrid polymer layered silicate nanocomposites, mechanical and thermal properties of halloysite nanotube based nanocomposites, nanoclay-based hybrid composites for advanced functional materials, 3D Smart Materials, biodegradable nanocomposites for soil erosion mitigation and nanoclay reinforced three-phase sandwich composite laminates. We are highly thankful to all authors who contributed book chapters and pro- videdtheirvaluableideasandknowledgetothiseditedbook.Weattempttogather all the scattered information of authors from diverse fields in nanoclay-based vii viii Preface nanocomposites and bionanocomposites and finally produce this venture that will hopefully become a success. We greatly appreciate contributors’ commitment to support us in formulating ours idea in reality. We thank Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd. team for their generous cooperation at every stage of the book production. Serdang, Malaysia Mohammad Jawaid Rabat, Morocco Abou el Kacem Qaiss Rabat, Morocco Rachid Boufid Contents Nanoclay Modification and Functionalization for Nanocomposites Development: Effect on the Structural, Morphological, Mechanical and Rheological Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Marya Raji, Mohamed El Mehdi Mekhzoum, Abou el Kacem Qaiss and Rachid Bouhfid Characteristic Properties of Nanoclays and Characterization of Nanoparticulates and Nanocomposites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Muhammad Shahid Nazir, Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim, Lagnamayee Mohapatra, Mazhar Amjad Gilani, Muhammad Rafi Raza and Khaliq Majeed Modification of Nanoclay Systems: An Approach to Explore Various Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Mohd Amil Usmani, Imran Khan, Naheed Ahmad, A.H. Bhat, Dhananjay K. Sharma, Jahangir Ahmad Rather and Syed Imran Hassan Geology and Mineralogy of Clays for Nanocomposites: State of Knowledge and Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 I. El Amrani El Hassani and C. Sadik Bioplastics and Bionanocomposites Based on Nanoclays and Other Nanofillers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 A.H. Bhat, Imran Khan, Mohd Amil Usmani and Jahangir Ahmad Rather Oxygen Permeability of Layer Silicate Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Sarat K. Swain, Niladri Sarkar, Gyanaranjan Sahoo and Deepak Sahu Bionanocomposite Materials Based on Chitosan Reinforced with Nanocrystalline Cellulose and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite . . . . . 167 Meriem Fardioui, Mohamed El Mehdi Mekhzoum, Abou el Kacem Qaiss and Rachid Bouhfid ix x Contents Hybrid Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Hazizan Md Akil, Nur Suraya Anis Ahmad Bakhtiar and Nor Hafizah Che Ismail Rubber/Nanoclay Composites: Towards Advanced Functional Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Mohammad Khalid, Rashmi Walvekar, Mohammad Reza Ketabchi, Humaira Siddiqui and M. Enamul Hoque Clay, Natural Fibers and Thermoset Resin Based Hybrid Composites: Preparation, Characterization and Mechanical Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Hind Abdellaoui, Rachid Bouhfid and Abou el Kacem Qaiss Wear Properties of Nanoclay Filled Epoxy Polymers and Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 A. Jumahat, A.A.A. Talib and A. Abdullah Synthesis of Natural Rubber/Palygorskite Nanocomposites via Silylation and Cation Exchange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 N.A. Mohd Nor, S.N.A. Muttalib and N. Othman Impact of Nanoclay on the Properties of Wood Polymer Nanocomposites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Md. Saiful Islam, Irmawati Binti Ramli, Sinin Hamdan, Rezaur Rahman, Ahmad Adib Aiman, Abdul Rasyid and Amyrah Auni Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Hybrid Graphene/Halloysite Nanotubes Reinforced Polyethylene Terepthalate Nanocomposites. . . . . 309 Ibrahim Mohammed Inuwa, Tan Boon Keat and Azman Hassan Nanoclay Reinforced on Biodegradable Polymer Composites: Potential as a Soil Stabilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 M.I. Syakir, N.A. Nurin, N. Zafirah, Mohd Asyraf Kassim and H.P.S. Abdul Khalil Development and Characterization of Nano Clay Reinforced Three-Phase Sandwich Composite Laminates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 N.R.R. Anbu Sagar and K. Palanikumar
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