Nano Materials: in Architecture, Interior Architecture and Design

192 Pages·2008·13.49 MB·English

by  Sylvia Leydecker

Nano Materials
Sylvia Leydecker
Nano Materials
in Architecture, Interior Architecture and Design
With Forewords by Harold Kroto and Michael Veith
and Contributions by Marius Kolbel and Sascha Peters
Birkhauser
Basel • Boston • Berlin
The Medium is tlie Message - the accompanying
sample has been provided courtesy of Evonik. It
is an innovative, flexible ceramic wallcovering,
which can be used as a durable and low-main-
tenance alternative to traditional wallpaper or
tiling. Its ceramic structure makes it impact and
scratch-resistant, water-repellent and resistant
to chemicals, flame-retardant and UV-resistant.
Sold by the roll, it is easy to handle and apply.
Graphic design, layout and cover: Miriam Bussmann, Berlin
Translation: Julian Reisenberger, Weimar
Copyediting: Caroline Behlen, Berlin
This book is also available in a German edition:
ISBN 978-3-7643-7994-0
Bibliographic information published by The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche
Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the
Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de.
Library of Congress Control Number 2007941581
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or
part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprin-
ting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms
or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use, permission of
the copyright owner must be obtained.
© 2008 BirkhauserVerlag AG
Basel • Boston • Berlin
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P.O.Box 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland
existing patents, registered designs, trade marks
Part of Springer Science+Business Media
etc. If such reference has been omitted, this does
not signify that the product or the product name
Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp.TCF «>
is not protected. The great number of different
materials and products mentioned in this book
Printed in Germany
made it impossible to carry out an investigation
ISBN 978-3-7643-7995-7
into the possible existence of trademark protec-
tion in every case. Accordingly, in the interest of
www.birkhauser.ch
uniformity, the text as a rule makes no use of
trademark symbols such as ® or ™. 987654321
Contents
9 Foreword by Harold Kroto
10 Foreword by Michael Veith
12 What is nanotechnology?
20 The development of nanotechnology
26 Carbon - new morphologies
32 General market developments
34 Nanoproducts
40 Form Follows Function?
42 Ecology and economics
44 Is the devil in the dwarfs?
50 Nanotechnology and product design
56 Functions and applications
58 Self-cleaning: Lotus-Effect®
64 Ara Pacis Museum, Rome
66 Commercial building, Pula
68 Private residence, Aggstall
70 Strucksbarg housing, Hamburg
72 Self-cleaning: Photocatalysis
78 Muhammad Ali Center MAC, Louisville, Kentucky
80 Hyatt Regency Garden Chapel, Osaka
81 Narita International Airport of Tokyo, Chiba
82 AKT - Am Kaiser's Turm, Heilbronn
83 east Hotel, Hamburg
84 G-Flat, Tokyo
87 Kurakuen private residence, Hyogo
86 Senri New Town private residence, Osaka
88 House in Creek, Hiroshima
89 Disabled-access housing for elderly people, Frick
90 MSV Arena soccer stadium, Duisburg
91 Children's playground, Kagawa
92 Easy-to-clean (ETC)
98 Science to Business Center Nanotronics & Bio, Marl
100 Kaldewei Kompetenz-Center, Ahlen
102 Private residence, Erlenbach
104 Modern Classicism, Shanghai
106 Urban lounge/Light bubbles, St. Gallen
Contents -415
108 Air-purifying
114 Atelierandvilla for acalligrapher,Ymanashi
116 PavingforLeienBoulevard,Antwerp
117 Jubilee Church,Rome
118 Anti-fogging
120 Fragrancecapsules
122 Thermalinsulation:VIPs
125 Sonnenschiffcentre,Freiburg
126 Seitzstrafsemixed-usedbuilding,
Munich
128 Thermalinsulation: Aerogel
132 CountyZoo,Milwaukee,Wisconsin
133 Schoolextension,London
134 Sportshall, Carquefou
135 Factory,Zaisertshofen
136 Temperatureregulation:PCMs
141 "SurFalveng"housingforelderlypeople, Domat/Ems
142 UVprotection
144 Solarprotection
146 Fire-proof
148 Deutsche Post headquarters, Bonn
150 Waverley Gate, Edinburgh
152 Anti-graffiti
156 New Centre Ulm
158 Hofjager Palais, Berlin
160 Anti-reflective
162 Antibacterial
166 Housing estate, Duisburg
168 Operating theatre, Goslar
169 Operating theatre, Berlin
170 Patient's hospital room prototype, Berlin
172 Anti-fingerprint
176 Scratchproof and abrasion-resistant
178 The holistic application of nanosurfaces
in interiors
180 Acknowledgements
181 People
184 Trade fairs, conferences and events
186 Sources, further information, illustration credits
Contents -617
Hexagonal forms occur commonly throughout nature:
whether in a tortoise's shell, in the internal structure of
foams or in buckyballs. This formal structure is becoming
increasingly evident in contemporary design and
architecture, too. The facade of the Beijing 2008 Olympic
Swimming Centre plays with Its dimensions.
Foreword
by Harold Kroto
As the 21st century unfolds, chemistry-based, bottom- of N&N, are now the subject of intense study as they
up approaches to the creation of materials with exactly promise to play key roles in almost every possible area
specified atomic and molecular infrastructures have of future technology, from medicine and molecular
become more and more feasible while the top-down electronics to civil engineering. In addition to carbon-
approach, which has served us so well, appears to be based structures, the nanoscale behaviour of numer-
approaching some fundamental limits. The aim has ous other molecular and extended atomic array mater-
been to access the promise that such materials hold of ials is being explored with similarly exciting prospects.
advanced behaviour, such as highly improved tensile Ingenious strategies for the creation of molecules with
strength and/or electronic and magnetic properties. As complex, exactly specified structures and functions are
these new approaches to research in materials science being developed - basically to make molecules that "do
have shifted more and more towards this intrinsic something". In fact, the cross-disciplinary field of N&N,
chemical perspective, the field acquired a new name, which has resulted from deeper understanding and im-
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (N&N). It is not, of proved expertise in the application of the chemical
course, at all new as biology has constructed all living principles that underlie condensed-matter physics,
systems atom by atom, molecule by molecule on the molecular biology and materials engineering may be
basis of a DNA-based blueprint. At the same time that considered "The Frontier Science of the 21st Century".
these new approaches were developing, a totally unex- Improvements in materials behaviour have already
pected family of pure carbon cage molecules with fas- been achieved and if we can solve the problems of fine
cinating properties was discovered, the Fullerenes and control over bottom-up chemical self-assembly then a
their elongated Nanotube (Buckytube) cousins. These paradigm shift in materials technology of all kinds will
species have properties that should be able to fulfil be achieved, with applications from molecular elec-
some of the exciting new developments promised by tronics to civil engineering. Such advances are vital if
21st century materials science and technology. The we are to develop the sustainable technologies that are
structures, which have also become the iconic images necessary for survival of the human race.
Foreword by Harold Kroto -819
Foreword
by Michael Veith
For a "nanophysicist" who looks into the world of quan- these industries without them. We have grown used to
tum dots, the work of a "nanochemist" developing sunscreen creams that despite a protection factor of 20
scratch-resistant surfaces seems quite foreign. The dif- or 30 still appear transparent on the skin. This is made
ferent views and fields of work of the professions in- possible by titanium dioxide particles that are so small
volved render it impossible to make generalised state- that they do not scatter light yet are able to absorb UV
ments about the current state of nanotechnologies. In light. At the moment they do not seem to present a
the heads of scientists - and in the heads of journalists, health hazard. The merits of liposomes as containers
too - fascinating ideas abound for ways of implement- for cosmetic substances have been lauded by market-
ing new discoveries like carbon nanotubes. Whereas ing experts for several years. This, too, is nanotechnol-
the mechanical and electrical properties of these car- ogy. But scientists are looking to achieve more than just
bon structures can in theory be predicted well, appro- anti-wrinkle creams. Using this approach they aim to
priate means for determining their material parame- encapsulate pharmaceutical agents and to treat the
ters in practice are still in their early phase. And al- molecules on the surface of the liposomes in such a
though carbon nanotubes are already manufactured way that they release their medicine only to particular
industrially, the creation of a cable of sufficient strength diseased cells in the body.
to convey an elevator into outer space, as visionaries In the nano context, the most significant economic rel-
say is potentially possible, is currently far beyond our evance is accorded to so-called "New Materials". These
technical capabilities. materials are not only new in terms of their dimen-
In these as well as many other areas, the nanosciences sions; they can for example lend surfaces entirely new
are still in their infancy. By contrast, in other fields, properties, that can be combined cumulatively.
such as the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, Applications range from controllable adhesion and grip,
the use of nanotechnological substances and filler ma- tribological aspects such as ultra-low friction, switch-
terials is so widespread that it is difficult to imagine able magnetism or light absorption, conductive trans-