Name of Candidate: Assmaa El-Metwally Abd Alla El-Metwally Degree: PhD Title of Thesis PDF
Preview Name of Candidate: Assmaa El-Metwally Abd Alla El-Metwally Degree: PhD Title of Thesis
Name of Candidate: Assmaa El-Metwally Abd Alla El-Metwally Degree: PhD Title of Thesis: Factors affecting the physical and chemical characteristics of Egyptian beehoney Supervisors: Dr. Mahmoud El-Sayed Nour Dr. Mohamed Attia Ewies Department:Economic Entomology and Pesticides Branch:Economic Entomology Approval: 16 / 2 / 2015 ABSTRACT One hundred and forty eight beehoney samples from different types of Egyptian beehoney were collected directly from different apiaries located in different governorates in Egypt. The samples represented Upper Egypt, Lower Egypt and reclaimed lands during two successive years, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. As well as ten samples were produced from bee colonies fed with different sucrose syrup to study the effect of some factors on the physical and chemical characteristics of Egyptian beehoney, factors affecting the parameters of sugar feeding honey produced from honeybee colonies, the effect of some factors on granulation of Egyptian beehoneyand qualitative microscopical analysis of Egyptian beehoney.The results showed that The grand mean value of water content for Egyptian beehoney was 17.26 % with range from 12.00 to 24.80%. The total mean value of HMF for Egyptian beehoney samples in the 1styear was higher than the 2ndyear. The grand mean value of HMF content for Egyptian beehoney was 15.05 with range from 0.00-200.00 mg/kg. The grand total mean of DN for Egyptian beehoney was 18.32 with range from 3.00 to100U/kg. The grand mean value of glucose oxidase was 0.72 with range from 0.00 to10.00 U/g. The grand mean of pH value was 3.91 with range from 3.28 to 5.33. The grand mean value of total acidity was 33.56 with range from 16.50 to 70.75meq/kg. For fructose, glucose and total reducing sugars the grand mean value were; 33.33(1.74-44.69), 28.24(1.75-42.80) and 61.56(3.49-82.70) g/100g, respectively. The grand mean value of apparent sucrose was 11.77 with range from 0.0 ٩to 27.30 g/100g. The grand mean value for K, Ca, Na, Fe and Mn were 24.47 (2.58-300.10), 5.13(0.00- 20.12), 3.70(0.00-35.41), 0.15(0.04-0.68) and 0.02(0.01-0.3) ppm, respectively. Sugar feeding honeys produced from sugar cane and sugar beet, were characterized with; lowwater content, low HMF, high DN, low invertase, low pH, low minerals content and very high apparent sucrose. There were clear differences in granulation percentages between beehoney samples placed at cool conditions and at room temperature. Storage beehoney samples in cool conditions decreased the granulation process in compression with room temperature. Placed beehoney samples under room temperature may be encouraged the granulation process of honey samples during December, January, and February months. The main pollen sources in Egyptian beehoney were; clover (Trifoliunm alexandrinum), came in the first class. While, date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera), Family Umbillefera and Eucalyptus spp. came in the second. It could be summarized that Egyptian beehoney was considered as unifloral beehoney. Key words:Egyptian beehoney, physical, chemical, characteristics, sugar feeding honeys, granulations. 1 - ﺔﯾدﺎﺼﺘﻗإ تاﺮﺸﺣ - ﺔﯿﻋارﺰﻟا مﻮﻠﻌﻟا ﻰﻓ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻟا هارﻮﺘﻛد ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟ ﺺﺨﻠﻣ ةﺮھﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ - ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ﺔﯿﻠﻛ ﻰﻟﻮﺘﻤﻟا ﷲ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻰﻟﻮﺘﻤﻟا ءﺎﻤﺳأ / ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻤﻟا :ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ ىﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﯿﻤﻜﻟاو ﺔﯿﻌﯿﺒﻄﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺨﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ةﺮﺛﺆﻤﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا Factors affecting the physical and chemicals characteristics of Egyptian beehoney ٢٠١٥ 2 : ﺔﯾﺑرﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺳرﻟا ناوﻧﻋ ىرﺻﻣﻟا لﺣﻧﻟا لﺳﻌﻟ ﺔﯾﺋﺎﯾﻣﻛﻟاو ﺔﯾﻌﯾﺑطﻟا صﺋﺎﺻﺧﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ةرﺛؤﻣﻟا لﻣاوﻌﻟا : ﺔﯾﺑﻧﺟﻷا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺳرﻟا ناوﻧﻋ Factors affecting the physical and chemicals characteristics of Egyptian beehoney :ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻤﻟا .ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﺎﺳرﺎﻤﻣو ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟا ﻰﻓ ةﺪﺋﺎﺴﻟا ﮫﯿﺌﯿﺒﻟا فوﺮﻈﻟاو ﻰﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا . -:ﺚﺤﺒﻟا فاﺪھأ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻖﻠﻄﻨﻤﻟا اﺬھ ىﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﯿﻤﻜﻟاو ﺔﯿﻌﯿﺒﻄﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺨﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ - ١ ﻞﺴﻌﻟا ﻞﺤﻧ ﻒﺋاﻮط ﻦﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﯾﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﺔﯾﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻔﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ ةﺮﺛﺆﻤﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا - ٢ .ىﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﺐﺒﺤﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ - ٣ .ىﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟ ﻰﻔﯿﻜﻟا ﻰﺑﻮﻜﺳوﺮﻜﯿﻤﻟا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺘﻟا - ٤ ﺔﯿﻠﻛ تاﺪﯿﺒﻤﻟاو ﺔﯾدﺎﺼﺘﻗﻷا تاﺮﺸﺤﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ - ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ثﻮﺤﺑ ةﺪﺣو ﻰﻓ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬھ ءاﺮﺟإ ﻢﺗ ٢٠١٣/ ٢٠١٢و ٢٠١٢/٢٠١١ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﻟﺎﺘﺘﻣ ﻦﯿﺘﻨﺳ لﻼﺧ ﺮﺼﻣ - ةﺰﯿﺠﻟا - ةﺮھﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ - ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا 3 ﺮﺼﻣ تﺎﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻦﻣ ىﺮﺼﻣ ﻞﺤﻧ ﻞﺴﻋ ﺔﻨﯿﻋ ﻦﯿﻌﺑرأو ﺔﯿﻧﺎﻤﺛ ﺔﺋﺎﻣ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻢﺗ فاﺪھﻷا هﺬھ ﺬﯿﻔﻨﺘﻟ نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﻧﺎﻤﺛ .َ ﺎﺜﯾﺪﺣ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻰﺿارﻷاو ىﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا، ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﮫﻠﺜﻤﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻞﺤﻧ ﻞﺴﻋ ﺔﻨﯿﻋ نﻮﻌﺒﺳ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻢﺗ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ ﺔﺳارﺪﻠﻟ لوﻷا مﺎﻌﻟا لﻼﺧ ﺎﮭﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﺗ ﻞﺤﻧ ﻞﺴﻋ ﺔﻨﯿﻋ زوﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﻞﯿﻟﺎﺤﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ةاﺬﻐﻣ ﻒﺋاﻮط ﻦﻣ ﺎﮭﺟﺎﺘﻧإ ﻢﺗ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ةﺮﺸﻋ ﻰﻟا ﮫﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﺔﺳارﺪﻠﻟ ﻰﻧﺎﺜﻟا مﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا عاﻮﻧﻷا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟا ﺖﻠﺜﻣ .(ﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﺮﺠﻨﺑ زوﺮﻜﺳو ﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﺐﺼﻗ زوﺮﻜﺳ) ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا ﺮﺑﻮﺴﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ،ﺢﻟاﻮﻤﻟا ،زﻮﻤﻟا ،ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ،ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ،ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ -:ﻰھو ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻢﺗ ﺚﯿﺣ(ﻒﯾﺮﺨﻟاو ﻊﯿﺑﺮﻟا ،ﻒﯿﺼﻟا)ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا جﺎﺘﻧﻷا ﻢﺳاﻮﻣو .ﺔﯾﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﺔﯾﺬﻐﺘﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأو ﺖﻛرﺎﻣ ،زوﺮﻜﺴﻟا ،زﻮﺘﻛﺮﻔﻟا ،زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﺮﻜﺴﻟ ﺔﯾﻮﺌﻤﻟا ﺐﺴﻨﻟا )لﺎﺴﻋﻷا تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟ ﮫﯿﺋﺎﯿﻤﻜﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺨﻟا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ةدﺎﻣ ،ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟا ، ةﺮﺤﻟا ضﺎﻤﺣﻻا،ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻻا ﻢﻗر ،زﻮﯿﺘﺴﯿﻠﻤﻟا ﺮﻜﺳو زﻮﺘﻟﺎﻤﻟا ﻢﻗر و ﺰﯿﺗﺮﻔﻧﻻا ،ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوا زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧا ،HMFلارﻮﻓرﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا عوﺮﺸﻣ ﻰﻓ (ﺰﯿﻨﺠﻨﻤﻟاو ﺪﯾﺪﺤﻟا ،مﻮﯾدﻮﺼﻟا ،مﻮﯿﺳﺎﺗﻮﺒﻟا، مﻮﯿﺴﻟﺎﻜﻟا) ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟا،ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﺮﯾﺪﻘﺗ ) ﺔﯿﻌﯿﺒﻄﻟا ﻞﯿﻟﺎﺤﺘﻟا ءاﺮﺟا ﻢﺗو .هﺮھﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﻋارز ﺔﯿﻠﻜﺑ هدﻮﺠﻟا ﺔﺒﻗاﺮﻣو ﮫﯾﺬﻏﻷا ﺔﻣﻼﺳ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮫﻋارﺰﻟا ﺔﯿﻠﻛ ﻞﺤﻨﻣ ﻰﻓ (رﻮﻠﺒﺘﻟا ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗ ءاﺮﺟاو ﻰﻔﯿﻜﻟا ﻰﺑﻮﻜﺳﺮﻜﯿﻤﻟا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺘﻟاو ﺔﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ﺔﺒﺴﻧ .ةﺮھﺎﻘﻟا :ﻲﻠﯾ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﮭﯿﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺘﻤﻟا ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا ﺺﯿﺨﻠﺗ ﻦﻜﻤﯾ ﻦﻣ لوﻷا مﺎﻌﻟا لﻼﺧ ىﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا عاﻮﻧﻸﻟ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﯿﻤﻜﻟاو ﺔﯿﻌﯿﺒﻄﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺨﻟا -١ ٢٠١٢/٢٠١١ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻋ - أ ةدﺎﻣ ،ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ عﺎﻔﺗرإ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﺤﺿوأ - ١ ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟا ،ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻷا ﻢﻗر ،ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﻗر ،لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻢﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ.ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧﻹ ﺢﺿاو ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإو ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟا ،ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﻰﻓ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ لﺎﺴﻋﻷا ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ عﺎﻔﺗرإ . طﻮﯿﺳاو مﻮﯿﻔﻟا ﻰﺘﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ، ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإ ﻰﻟا ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا ترﺎﺷأ - ٢ ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ طﺎﺸﻧ ﻰﻓ ﺢﺿاو ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإ ﺖﺤﺿوأ ﺎﮭﻧأ ﻦﯿﺣ ﻰﻓ ،ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﻰﻓ لارﻮﻓ 4 ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟا ،ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻷا ،ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﻗر ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإ وﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا .ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟاو ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ،ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإ ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﺖﺤﺿوأ - ٣ ﻦﻣ هﺪﺣاو ﺔﻨﯿﻋ تﺮﮭظأ ﻦﯿﺣ ﻰﻓ .ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإو لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإ ،لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺢﺿاو عﺎﻔﺗرإ مﻮﯿﻔﻟا ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ .ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا طﺎﺸﻧو ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﻗر مﺎﻌﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ تﺎﻈﻓﺎﺤﻤﻟا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟ ﮫﻠﺜﻤﻤُ ﻟاو ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﺖﺤﺿوأ - ٤ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﺑ ﺰﯿﻤﺘﺗ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ نأ ٢٠١٢/٢٠١١ ﺔﺳارﺪﻠﻟ لوﻷا ﺎﻤﻛ .طﻮﯿﺳأو مﻮﯿﻔﻟا ﻰﺘﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﻰﻓ ﺔﺻﺎﺧو لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ تﺮﮭظأ .ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا تﺎﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﻗﺮﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟا هﺬھ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣو ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻰﻓ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإ ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺤﻧ ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ .ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ عاﻮﻧأ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﻗﺮﻟ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأو لارﻮﻓ لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا هدﺎﻣ ،ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻠﻟ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﺮﮭظأ - ٥ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﻰﺘﻟا لﺎﺴﻋﻷا هﺬھ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﻞﻛ نأ ﺎﻤﻛ.ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ طﺎﺸﻧو ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﻗر ﻰﻓ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإ ًﺎﻀﯾأ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا هدﺎﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ .ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا طﺎﺸﻧو ﻦﯿﺑ ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ضﺎﻤﺣﻷاو ةﺮﺤﻟا ضﺎﻤﺣﻷا ،ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻷا ﻰﻓ ﺔﺤﺿاو تﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧإ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ - ٦ .ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا تﺎﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ عاﻮﻧأ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ةﺮﺤﻟا ضﺎﻤﺣﻷا ،ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻸﻟ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ تﺮﮭظأ - ٧ ،ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻸﻟ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻞﺠﺳَ ﺎﻤﻛ.ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﺎﮭﯿﻠﯾ ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟاو ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ تﺮﮭظأ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺑو .ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟاو ةﺮﺤﻟا ضﺎﻤﺣﻷا ةﺮﺤﻟا ضﺎﻤﺣﻷا ،ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻸﻟ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ طﻮﯿﺳأو ةﺰﯿﺠﻟا ،ﺎﯿﻨﻤﻟا ،ﺎﻨﻗ تﺎﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻦﻣ .ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟاو ﺮﻜﺳو زﻮﺘﻛﺮﻔﻟا ﺮﻜﺳ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا لﺎﺴﻋﻷا ﻰﻓ ﻊﺳاو ىﺪﻣ كﺎﻨھ - ٨ ﺮﻜﺳ ﻞﺠﺳ ﺎﻤﻛ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﺮﻜﺳ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأزﻮﺘﻛﺮﻔﻟا ﺮﻜﺳ ﻞﺠﺳ ﺚﯿﺣزﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا 5 ﺔﯿﺳﺎﯿﻘﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﺌﯿﮭﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﮭﺑ ﻰﺻﻮﻤﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟا .ىﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟ لﺎﺴﻋﻷا ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻰﻓ ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا لﺎﺴﻋﻷا عاﻮﻧأ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺔﺤﺿاو تﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧإ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ - ٩ ،مﻮﯿﺳﺎﺗﻮﺒﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﺚﯿﺣ .ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ مﻮﯿﺳﺎﺗﻮﺒﻟا ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإ ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﺮﮭظأ ﻦﯿﺣ ﻰﻓ مﻮﯾدﻮﺼﻟاو مﻮﯿﺴﻟﺎﻜﻟا ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ تﺮﮭظأ ﺪﻗو .مﻮﯾدﻮﺼﻟاو مﻮﯿﺴﻟﺎﻜﻟا ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإو ىﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻦﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻰﻓ ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﺖﻟازﺎﻣ ﻦﻜﻟو مﻮﯿﺳﺎﺗﻮﺒﻟا ﺮﺼﻨﻌﻟ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻓ ﺰﯿﻨﺠﻨﻤﻟاو ﺪﯾﺪﺤﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻢﯿﻘﻟ ﺪﯾﺪﺷ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإ ﻞﺠﺳَ ﺎﻤﻛ .مﻮﯾدﻮﺼﻟاو مﻮﯿﺴﻟﺎﻜﻟا .ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ عاﻮﻧأ ﻞﺴﻋ عاﻮﻧأ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﯿﻤﻜﻟاو ﺔﯿﻌﯿﺒﻄﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺨﻟا ﻰﻓ ﺔﺤﺿاو تﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧا ﺪﺟﻮﺗ -١٠ ﻦﻋ ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﺔﻤﯿﻗ عﺎﻔﺗرﺈﺑ ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋﺰﯿﻤﺗ .ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻤﻟ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﺖﻠﺠﺳو ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ دﻮﺟو ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺎﺑ.هدﺎﻤﻟا هﺬﮭﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﺮﮭظأ ﻦﯿﺣ ﻰﻓ لارﻮﻓرﻮﻓ ﻦﻋ ﻢﯾﺰﻧﻹا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأﺮﮭظأ ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ نأ ﻰﻟا ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻣ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا .ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟاو ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻸﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ -١١ زوﺮﻜﺴﻠﻟ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟاو ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ لﺎﺴﻋأ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ نأ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻰﻓ ﺪﺟو .ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻰﻓ تﺪﺟو ﺪﻗ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛﺮﮭظأ ﻦﯿﺣ ﻰﻓ .مﻮﯾدﻮﺼﻟاو مﻮﯿﺴﻟﺎﻜﻟا ،مﻮﯿﺳﺎﺗﻮﺒﻟا ﻰﻓ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ﺎھاﻮﺘﺤﻣ .ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟا هﺬﮭﻟ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﻦﻄﻘﻟاو ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا يﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ب عﺎﻔﺗرإ ىﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا تﺎﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﺖﺤﺿوأ - ١ ﺢﺿاو ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإو ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﻗر ،لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا هدﺎﻣ ،ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا 6 طﺎﺸﻧ ﮫﯿﻓﻮﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻦﻣ هﺪﺣاو ﺔﻨﯿﻋ تﺮﮭظأ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ طﺎﺸﻧ ﻰﻓ .ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﻗﺮﻟ ﺾﻔﺨﻨﻣ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ،ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻢﯿﻗ عﺎﻔﺗرﺈﺑ ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ تﺰﯿﻤﺗ - ٢ ﺮﻜﺳ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻊﺳاو ىﺪﻣ ﻆﺣﻮﻟ .ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧﻹ ﺪﯾﺪﺷ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإو لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﺮﻜﺳ ﻞﺠﺳو ىﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﻰﻓزﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﺮﻜﺳو زﻮﺘﻛﺮﻔﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا ﺖﺤﺿوأو زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﺮﻜﺳ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ زﻮﺘﻛﺮﻔﻟا .مﻮﯾدﻮﺼﻟاو مﻮﯿﺴﻟﺎﻜﻟا ىﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﮫﯿﻠﯾ مﻮﯿﺳﺎﺗﻮﺒﻟا ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻰﻓ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإ .ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟاو .ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟ ﺰﯿﻨﺠﻨﻤﻟاو ﺪﯾﺪﺤﻟا ىﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻰﻓ ﺢﺿاو ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإ َﺎﻀﯾأ ﻆﺣﻮﻟ ﺎﻤﻛ نﻮﺘﻛﻼﻟا ﻦﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ،ةﺮﺤﻟا ضﺎﻤﺣﻷا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإ ﻰﻟا ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا ترﺎﺷأ - ٣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻤﻟا.زوﺎﺠﺗ ﺪﻗو ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟ ﺔﯿﻠﮭﻗﺪﻟا ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻦﻣ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﺔﺴﻤﺧ ﻰﻓ ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟاو تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﯾﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﮫﺌﯿﮭﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﮭﺑ ﻰﺻﻮﻣ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻠﻟ مﺎﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟا ﻰﻓ ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ .ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟ ﺔﯿﺳﺎﯿﻘﻟا .ﮫﯿﻓﻮﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ َﺎﻋﺎﻔﺗرإ ىﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻤَ ﻟا ﺢﻟاﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ - ٤ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإو ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ طﺎﺸﻧ ﻰﻓ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإو لارﻮﻓرﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ،ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا .ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ﻰﻓ ﺢﺿاو ﻦﻣ ﺎھاﻮﺘﺤﻣ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإو ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﻗرو ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا عﺎﻔﺗرﺈﺑ زﻮﻤﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ تﺰﯿﻤﺗ - ٥ .ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ طﺎﺸﻨﻟ ﺢﺿاو ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإو لارﻮﻓرﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ﮫﺟﻮﻟا تﺎﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ عاﻮﻧأ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻰﻓ ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا عﺎﻔﺗرإ ﻆﺣﻮﻟ - ٦ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ عﺎﻔﺗرإ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻢﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ.٢٠١٢/٢٠١١لوﻷا مﺎﻌﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ىﺮﺤﺒﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ .ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋو ﺢﻟاﻮﻤﻟا ،ﻦﻄﻘﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﻰﻓ لارﻮﻓرﻮﻓ ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ﻦﻣ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ تﺪﺟو .زﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻰﻓ لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ لﺎﺴﻋﻷا ﺎﻤﻛ .ﺢﻟاﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻰﻓ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟاو ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ،زﻮﻤﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﻰﻓ ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا عاﻮﻧأ ﻰﻓ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ .زﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻰﻓ ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻷا ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإ ﺪﺟو عاﻮﻧﻷﺎﺑ ﮫﻧرﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻰﻓ ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻠﻟ ﮫﺒﺴﻧ ﻰﻠﻋأ تﺪﺟو .ىﺮﺧﻷا لﺎﺴﻋﻷا 7 ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ .ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﺮﮭظأ ﻦﯿﺣ ﻰﻓ .لﺎﺴﻋﻷا ﻦﻣ ىﺮﺧﻷا لﺎﺴﻋﻷا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ زﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻞﺠﺳ .ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ىﺮﺧﻻا لﺎﺴﻋﻷا عاﻮﻧأ تﺮﮭظأ ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ .ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﮫﯿﻠﯾ ﻰﻟاﻮﺘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ مﻮﯾدﻮﺼﻟاو مﻮﯿﺴﻟﺎﻜﻟا ،مﻮﯿﺳﺎﺗﻮﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ .ﻢﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ اﻮﻠﺠﺳ ﺢﻟاﻮﻤﻟاو ﻦﯿﺑ ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟاو ةﺮﺤﻟا ضﺎﻤﺣﻷا ،ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻷا ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ ﮫﺤﺿاو تﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧإ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ - ٧ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ تﺮﮭظأ .ىﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا تﺎﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﻣﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ عاﻮﻧأ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﻦﯿﺣ ﻰﻓ .ﺢﻟاﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﮫﯿﻠﯾو ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻸﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ زﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﺮﮭظأ ﺎﻤﻛ.ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻰﻓ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﺪﻗ ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻼﻟ ﮫﯿﻠﮭﻗﺪﻟا ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ .ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟاو نﻮﺘﻛﻼﻟا ﻦﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ،ةﺮﺤﻟا ضﺎﻤﺣﻸﻟ ﮫﯾﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﮫﻣﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﺌﯿﮭﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﮭﺑ ﻰﺻﻮﻣ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ زوﺎﺠﺗ ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻠﻟ مﺎﻋ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺢﻟاﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ نأ ﻰﻟا ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا ترﺎﺷأ ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣو .ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟ ﺔﯿﺳﺎﯿﻘﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﮫﻔﺼﺑو .ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟاو نﻮﺘﻛﻼﻟا ﻦﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ،ةﺮﺤﻟا ضﺎﻤﺣﻸﻟ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﻰﻠﻋ ىﻮﺘﺤﯾ ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻀَ ﯾأ ىﻮﺘﺤﺗ ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻸﻟ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻤﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا تاذ لﺎﺴﻋﻷا تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﮫﻣﺎﻋ .ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟاو ةﺮﺤﻟا ضﺎﻤﺣﻷا ﻦﻣ ﻰﻟﺎﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛأ ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺾﻔﺨﻨﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﺑ ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ تﺰﯿﻤﺗ - ٨ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﻰﻓ لارﻮﻓرﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺪﺟو ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ .يﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا عﺎﻔﺗرﺈﺑ ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ تﺰﯿﻤﺗ ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ.ىﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﻦﻋ ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻰﻠﻋأ يﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟا زﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻞﺠﺳ .ىﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻋﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﻰﮭﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا ىﺮﺧﻻا عاﻮﻧﻷا ﻰﻗﺎﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻷا ﻢﯿﻘﻟ مﺎﻋ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺰﯿﻤﺗ .ىﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﻰﻓ ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﺪﺟو .ىﺮﺤﺒﻟاو ﮫﺟﻮﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﻦﻋ ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﺑ ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻠﻟ ﮫﺑﻮﺴﺤﻤﻟا ﮫﺒﺴﻨﻟا ٌﺎﻀﯾا .ىﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ زﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ اﺪﻋ ﺎﻣ ىﺮﺤﺒﻟا .ﺎﮭﻟ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺾﻔﺨﻨﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﺑ َﺎﺜﯾﺪﺣ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﻰﺿارﻷا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا لﺎﺴﻋﻷا تﺰﯿﻤﺗ - ٩ ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧﻹ ﺢﺿاو ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإو لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ،ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا .ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟاو ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟا ،ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﻗر ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإو 8 ﻢﯿﻗ ،لارﻮﻓرﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ،ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا ﺖﺤﺿوأ-١٠ ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ﻰﻓ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإو ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟاو ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟا ،ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟا ،ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﻗر .ىﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﻰﻓ ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻷاو ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ لﺎﺴﻋﻷا ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإ ىﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﺢﺿوأ-١١ .ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإو ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟا ،ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﻗرو لارﻮﻓ ﺮﺼﻣ ﻰﻓ ﺖﻛرﺎﻣﺮﺑﻮﺴﻟا تﻼﺤﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﮭﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﺗ ﻰﺘﻟا ﺖﻛرﺎﻣﺮﺑﻮﺴﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ تﺰﯿﻤﺗ -١٢ سﻷا ،ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ،لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ،ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا عﺎﻔﺗرﺈﺑ .ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟا ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإو ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟا ،ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ﻰﻧﺎﺜﻟا مﺎﻌﻟا لﻼﺧ ىﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا عاﻮﻧﻸﻟ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﯿﻤﻜﻟاو ﺔﯿﻌﯿﺒﻄﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺨﻟا -٢ ٢٠١٣/ ٢٠١٢ ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻋ -أ ﺰﯿﺗﺮﻔﻧﻻا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ،ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﺖﺤﺿوأ - ١ ﻢﻗر ،لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإ ﻆﺣﻮﻟ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟاو ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟاو ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟاو ،ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟا ،ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻻا ،ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا .ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻌﻤﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ،ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإ ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﺖﺤﺿوأ ﺎﻤﻛ - ٢ ﺔﺻﺎﺧو ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟاو ،ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻷا ،ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ،ﺰﯿﺗﺮﻔﻧﻻا رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻤﻟا ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ لﺎﺴﻋﻷا ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإ و.مﻮﯿﺳﺎﺗﻮﺒﻟا ﺮﺼﻨﻋ .ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟاو ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟا ،ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ، لارﻮﻓ ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ، ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻓ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإ ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﺮﮭظأ ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ - ٣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ لﺎﺴﻋﻷا ىﻮﺘﺤﻣو ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ طﺎﺸﻧ ،ﺰﯿﺗﺮﻔﻧﻻا ،ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻷا ،ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإ ﻞﺠﺳ ﺎﻤﻛ لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ .ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟاو ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟا ،ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟا 9 عاﻮﻧﻸﻟ ﺔﯿﺋﺎﯿﻤﻜﻟاو ﺔﯿﻌﯿﺒﻄﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺨﻟا ﻰﻓ ﺔﺤﺿاو تﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧإ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺑ - ٤ ﻞﺴﻋ ﺮﮭظأ ﺚﯿﺣ. ٢٠١٣/٢٠١٢ ﺔﺳارﺪﻠﻟ ﻰﻧﺎﺜﻟا مﺎﻌﻟا ﻰﻓ ىﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا ﻰﻓ .ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﺖﻠﺠﺳُ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻠﻟ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ لﺎﺴﻋﻷا ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﺖﻠﺠﺳُ ﻦﯿﺣ ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ﺪﺟوٌ ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ.ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻰﻓ ﺖﻠﺠﺳُ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ ،لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ لﺎﺴﻋأ ﻰﻓ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ىﻮﺘﺴﻤﺑو ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻰﻓ ﺾﻔﺨﻨﻣ ىﻮﺘﺴﻤﺑ ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﻰﻓ ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻸﻟ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ.ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟاو ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻞﺠﺳ .ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﻰﻓ ﮫﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻦﯿﺣ لﺎﺴﻋأ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ رﻮﮭظ ﻰﻟا ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا ترﺎﺷأ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﻰﻓ مﻮﯾدﻮﺼﻟاو مﻮﯿﺴﻟﺎﻜﻟا ،مﻮﯿﺳﺎﺗﻮﺒﻟاﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺪﺟو ﺎﻤﻛ .ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا .ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟاو ﻦﻄﻘﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗأ ﺖﻠﺠﺳُ ﻦﯿﺣ ﻰﻓ ﺔﯿﺒﻄﻟا تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟا لﺎﺴﻋأ ﺮﻜﺳو.زﻮﺘﻛﺮﻔﻟا ﺮﻜﺳ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻰﻠﺒﻘﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻟا لﺎﺴﻋﻷا ﻰﻓ ﻊﺳاو ىﺪﻣ كﺎﻨھ - ٥ ﺮﻜﺳ ﻞﺠﺳ ﺎﻤﻛ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﺮﻜﺳ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأزﻮﺘﻛﺮﻔﻟا ﺮﻜﺳ ﻞﺠﺳ ﺚﯿﺣزﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ﮫﯿﺳﺎﯿﻘﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﮫﻣﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﺌﯿﮭﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﮭﺑ ﻰﺻﻮﻤﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻠﻋأ ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟا .ىﺮﺼﻤﻟا ﻞﺤﻨﻟا ﻞﺴﻌﻟ يﺮﺤﺒﻟا ﮫﺟﻮﻟا تﺎﻨﯿﻋ -ب .ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ،ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإ ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﺖﺤﺿوأ - ١ ﺔﺿﻮﻤﺤﻟاو ﻰﻨﯿﺟورﺪﯿﮭﻟا سﻷا ،ﺰﯾﺪﯿﺴﻛوأ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا،ﺰﯿﺗﺮﻔﻧﻷا ﻢﯾﺰﻧإ ،لارﻮﻓرﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟاو ىﺮھﺎﻈﻟا زوﺮﻜﺴﻟا ،ﺰﯿﺘﺳﺎﯾﺪﻟا ﻢﻗر ﻢﯿﻗ ﻰﻓ عﺎﻔﺗرإ .ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا .مﻮﯿﺳﺎﺗﻮﺒﻟا ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ضﺎﻔﺨﻧإ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻤﺑ ﺢﻟاﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﺴﻋ ﺰﯿﻤﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ - ٢ زﻮﻛﻮﻠﺠﻟا ،ﺰﯿﺗﺮﻔﻧﻷا ،لارﻮﻓ رﻮﻓ ﻞﯿﺜﯿﻣ ﻰﺴﻛورﺪﯿﮭﻟا ةدﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ ىﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟا ،ﻰﺑﻮطﺮﻟا 10
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