Mycorrhizal Fungi: Use in Sustainable Agriculture and Land Restoration PDF
Preview Mycorrhizal Fungi: Use in Sustainable Agriculture and Land Restoration
Soil Biology Zakaria M. Solaiman Lynette K. Abbott Ajit Varma Editors Mycorrhizal Fungi: Use in Sustainable Agriculture and Land Restoration Soil Biology Volume 41 Series Editor AjitVarma,AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5138 Zakaria M. Solaiman (cid:129) Lynette K. Abbott (cid:129) Ajit Varma Editors Mycorrhizal Fungi: Use in Sustainable Agriculture and Land Restoration Editors ZakariaM.Solaiman AjitVarma LynetteK.Abbott AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology SchoolofEarthandEnvironment,and AmityUniversityUttarPradesh UWAInstituteofAgriculture Noida TheUniversityofWesternAustralia India Crawley,WesternAustralia Australia ISSN1613-3382 ISSN2196-4831(electronic) ISBN978-3-662-45369-8 ISBN978-3-662-45370-4(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-662-45370-4 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014958675 ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2014 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Arbuscularmycorrhizalfungiareubiquitoussoilorganismsthatformassociations with roots of almost all plant species. They facilitate acquisition of nutrients by plants, contribute to processes associated with soil aggregation, and play under- stated roles in ecosystem function at various scales. They also participate in rhizosphere processes that protect plants against disease and improve access to water during periods of temporary or persistent water deficit. The effective man- agement of mycorrhizal fungi is often an unrecognised component of sustainable agricultural production that contributes to the profitability of farming systems. During the restoration of disturbed lands, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribute with ectomycorrhizal fungi to re-establishing effective nutrient cycling processes and other essential soil biological functions in ecologically significant plant communities. At a fundamental level, recent advances in the taxonomy and techniques for recognising and assessing the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi offer opportunities for reinvigorating research on the management of mycorrhizas in agriculturalandnaturalecosystems,includingevaluationoftheireconomicvalue. These advances provide the incentive for promoting knowledge of plant–mycor- rhizal interactions in debates about soil and land management, fertiliser decision- making, implications for selection of crop rotations, choice of plant cultivars, maintenanceofpasturesandgrasslandsfor animal production,andenvironmental impactsofintensivehorticulturalproduction.Althoughitisdifficulttoquantifythe economic benefits of mycorrhizas, ignoring their roles will lead to failure in capturingtheir benefits. This willbeeven more important when the challenges of sustainingagriculturalproductionusinglimitedresourceswithlowenvironmental impactsarehighlightedinthecomingyears. Appreciation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as dynamic communities in the very contrasting environments of soil and roots is essential to managing their contributionsthroughagronomicpracticesorinoculation.Competitiveinteractions among these fungi during colonisation of roots will influence dominance and function of both naturally occurring and introduced fungi as well as the survival from season to season of those which are most effective. Thus, inclusion of v vi Preface arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in biofertiliser formulations needs to be based on detailed knowledge of biotic and environmental interactions in space and time. A critical evaluation of the selection, technical production, and the use of inoculant arbuscularmycorrhizalfungi—inadditiontothemarketingofproductscontaining these fungi—needs to be underpinned by sound comprehension of ecological conceptsandprinciples. Arbuscular mycorrhizas have the potential to mitigate nutrient loss by soil erosion and leaching, as well as increasing nutrient use efficiency. Renewed evaluations of dominant fertiliser inputs of both phosphorus and nitrogen require considerationofmycorrhizalassociations,includingavoidanceof,orcompensation for,negativeeffectsofcropmanagementontheseassociations.Thisextendstothe role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in acquisition of zinc by plants. Furthermore, as arbuscularmycorrhizascanenhanceplantsurvivalandgrowthinextremeenviron- ments, research that highlights the potential for acclimation versus adaptation of mycorrhizalfungiwillbetterinformmanagementdecisionsindisturbedsitesorin sitessubjecttotemporarywaterdeficit,salinity,orheavymetaltoxicity. Finally, an understanding of how roots are colonised by communities of these common soil fungi is essential for capturing their benefits. Predictive models that include spatial variability and soil mapping offer the potential for calibrating the impacts of soil properties and land use practices in sustaining the colonising potential of effective communities of mycorrhizal fungi. The role of mycorrhizas insoilcarbonsequestrationisofincreasinginterest,asisthepotentialformoder- atingtheirsoilandrhizosphereenvironmentbyapplicationofameliorantssuchas biochar.However,forcommunitiesofarbuscularmycorrhizalfungi,theirubiquity and potential are generally hidden from the majority of land managers and thus overlooked. The intensification of agriculture for food production in the coming decadeswillbenefitfromtheapplicationofknowledgeofmolecular,physiological, and ecological function of arbuscular mycorrhizas via practical solutions to their useinsustainableagricultureandlandrestoration. Crawley,WA,Australia ZakariaM.Solaiman Crawley,WA,Australia LynetteK.Abbott Noida,UttarPradesh,India AjitVarma Contents 1 UseofMycorrhizainSustainableAgricultureandLand Restoration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ZakariaM.SolaimanandBedeMickan 2 AssessingEconomicBenefitsofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungi asaPotentialIndicatorofSoilHealth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 L.K.AbbottandS.Lumley 3 ContributionofDynamicsofRootColonisationbyArbuscular MycorrhizalCommunitiestoEcosystemFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . 33 SutarmanGafur 4 BiofertilizerswithArbuscularMycorrhizalFungiin Agriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 OlmarB.Weber 5 MycorrhizalInoculumProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 ShivomSingh,KajalSrivastava,SuvigyaSharma,andA.K.Sharma 6 UseofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungalInoculaforHorticultural CropProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 KeitaroTawaraya 7 ManagementoftheArbuscularMycorrhizalSymbiosisin SustainableCropProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 C.Yang,W.Ellouze,A.Navarro-Borrell,A.EsmaeiliTaheri,R.Klabi, M.Dai,Z.Kabir,andC.Hamel 8 ApplicationofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungiinProductionof AnnualOilseedCrops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 MahaveerP.Sharma,SushilK.Sharma,R.D.Prasad,KamalK.Pal, andRinkuDey vii viii Contents 9 ArbuscularMycorrhizalDiversityandFunctioninGrassland Ecosystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 TomokoKojima,SashaJenkins,AnjaniWeerasekara, andJing-WeiFan 10 ApplicationofAMFungitoImprovetheValueof MedicinalPlants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 YingLongChen,JunXiLi,LanPingGuo,XinHuaHe, andLuQiHuang 11 ArbuscularMycorrhizasandTheirRoleinPlantZinc Nutrition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 TimothyR.Cavagnaro 12 FunctionofMycorrhizaeinExtremeEnvironments. . . . . . . . . . . . 201 CatherineA.ZabinskiandRebeccaA.Bunn 13 AlleviationofSoilStressesbyArbuscularMycorrhizalFungi. . . . 215 ObedF.Madiba 14 MechanismsforAlleviationofPlantWaterStressInvolving ArbuscularMycorrhizas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 BedeMickan 15 RoleofMycorrhizalFungiintheAlleviationofHeavyMetal ToxicityinPlants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 HamidAmir,PhilippeJourand,YvonCavaloc,andMarcDucousso 16 ArsenicUptakeandPhytoremediationPotentialbyArbuscular MycorrhizalFungi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 XinhuaHeandErikLilleskov 17 ArbuscularMycorrhizalColonizationandAgriculturalLandUse History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 IrnandaA.F.Djuuna 18 ContributionofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungitoSoilCarbon Sequestration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 ZakariaM.Solaiman 19 BiocharasaHabitatforArbuscularMycorrhizalFungi. . . . . . . . 297 NorainiM.Jaafar 20 ApplicationofAMFungiinRemediationofSalineSoils. . . . . . . . 313 AnneNurbaity 21 UseofMycorrhizalFungiforForestPlantationsandMinesite Rehabilitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 YingLongChen,RunJinLiu,YinLiBi,andGuFeng Contents ix 22 UseofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungiforReforestationofDegraded TropicalForests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 KeitaroTawarayaandMamanTurjaman 23 RecentAdvancesinCultivationofEdibleMycorrhizal Mushrooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 YunWangandYingLongChen Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
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