myanmar living conditions survey 2017

206 Pages·2017·8.35 MB·English

June 2018
MYANMAR LIVING
CONDITIONS
SURVEY 2017
REPORT
KEY INDICATORS REPORT
01
2nd Edition
The 2017 Myanmar Living Conditions Survey (MLCS 2017) was implemented by the Central Statistical Organization,
Ministry of Planning and Finance of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. The MLCS was technically and
fnancially supported by the UNDP and the World Bank.
Additional information about the 2017 MLCS can be obtained from the Central Statistical Organization, Ministry
of Planning and Finance, Offce No. 32, Nay Pyi Taw,
http://www.csostat.gov.mm; www.mmsis.gov.mm
Suggested Citation:
Central Statistical Organization (CSO), UNDP and WB (2018) “Myanmar Living Conditions Survey 2017: Key
Indicators Report”, Nay Pyi Taw and Yangon, Myanmar: Ministry of Planning and Finance, UNDP and WB.
June 2018
MYANMAR LIVING
CONDITIONS
SURVEY 2017
REPORT
KEY INDICATORS REPORT
01
This report has been possible because of the generous fnancial support of the governments of Australia, Denmark,
Finland, Ireland, Korea, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
K
PAORTENAEW-WRSOHRILPD F ABPCAINLKIT YF
Ministry of Planning and Finance
Ofce No.1, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
htps://www.mopf.gov.mm/
Foreword
from Union Minister of Planning and Finance
Ministry of Planning and Finance is one of the ministries, leading in making policies, Natonal Planning and budget
allocatons for the development of Myanmar. In making policies for economic development of the country, the
frst and vital step is to understand economic and living conditons of our Myanmar citzens in perspectve. Since
the development policy of our government to achieve inclusive and sustainable development goals through
people-centered approaches, it is important for policy makers to take the real conditons of people across the
country taken into consideraton. Moreover, it is also important to have insights into employment conditons of
our citzens and how they allocate and expend their income or money earned in diferent areas such as educaton,
healthcare and other necessites. Hence, obtaining reliable and accurate statstcs is, indeed, critcal for evidence-
based policy making process.
In striving for naton-wide development, while it is important to achieve all-round development in socio-economic
terms, the impacts of such development are necessary to be extensive and balanced growth work for the country.
Thereby, policies can be made with the aims to achieve socio-economic development in sound balanced manner
by the government.
Additon to an overall picture of the country as a whole, the survey also presents statstcs, concerning
subnatonal levels such as states/regional levels which can be applied in meetng with diferent development
needs of individual state or region. Moreover, both income and other (non-income) poverty related indicaton are
described in this survey, so that it can allow to consider socio-economic conditons of our citzens evenly in policy
making process, regional planning and as well as in monitoring and evaluaton.
Here, a special thank goes to the Central Statstcal Organizaton for their leading role in this regard. I also
appreciate the Development Partners, World Bank (WB) and the United Natons Development Program (UNDP)
for the technical and fnancial assistance to conduct this survey. Likewise, I also have my sincere thanks to
respectve departments for their role in the consultaton process. I do believe that provisions of this survey report
will be useful in making development policies for our country. In additon to government departments, hopefully,
this can also be useful and benefcial to those using statstcs.
To conclude, I am urging all to keep in collaboraton for the development of statstcs sector in Myanmar.
(His Excellency U Soe Win)
Union Minister
Ministry of Planning and Finance
Foreword
The Myanmar Living Conditons Survey is a comprehensive assessment of the wellbeing of people in Myanmar. It
provides reliable, accurate, and up-to-date data that can be used to inform policies for the future development of
the country, to establish the baseline of Myanmar’s Sustainable Development Plan and to monitor the Sustainable
Development Goals within the context of the 2030 Agenda. This report is the frst in a series of reports drawing
from the MLCS that will be produced by the Central Statstcal Organizaton (CSO), World Bank and UNDP.
For Myanmar to achieve a peaceful, prosperous and democratc future, progress must be inclusive. This report
shows substantal improvements over tme in multple dimensions of living conditons. But it also demonstrates
contnued deep disparites, with areas or groups whose progress lags others and whose outcomes contnue to fall
far below the natonal average. For example, clear progress has been made in reducing the reliance on candles
and kerosene for lightng and in bringing more rural households on to the public grid. The expansion of the public
grid is however not taking everyone along, leaving substantal potental to close these gaps through proactve
policies. Similarly, while impressive progress has been made in raising union level primary school enrollment
rates, one in ten primary school aged children in Shan, Rakhine and Mon States remain out of school. Closing
these gaps and ensuring equal opportunites for all children and people is vital for inclusive and balanced growth.
The MLCS followed internatonal technical standards in core areas, from questonnaire design to report writng.
The questonnaire was designed through extensive consultaton and pilotng, and benefted from the knowledge
of a wide spectrum of actors from government, research insttutes, academia and internatonal organizatons.
The survey used an updated sample frame, beneftng from the recently conducted 2014 Populaton and Housing
Census. And the survey improves our understanding of seasonality since feldwork was spread across the calendar
year, the frst exercise of this kind in Myanmar. Finally, the survey used a decentralized data entry system to
support more reliable data collecton.
We are grateful to Dr Wah Wah Maung, Director General of the CSO, for her strong leadership of this survey. We
would also like to thank the broader CSO team for successfully managing the technical, administratve, procurement
and fnancial aspects of the survey. We would furthermore like to thank the government representatves,
researchers and representatves from non-governmental and internatonal development organizatons who have
supported the survey through contnuous inputs at data-user workshops.
We are pleased to launch this report at a tme when the Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan is being
fnalised. We hope that the informaton in this report will assist policymakers in formulatng policies, programs
and plans to support a peaceful, inclusive, and prosperous Myanmar.
Peter Batchelor Ellen Goldstein
Country Director Country Director for Myanmar,
UNDP Myanmar Cambodia and Lao PDR
World Bank
Acknowledgement
The 2017 Myanmar Living Conditons Survey (MLCS) is a large scale mult-topic living conditons survey
implemented by the Central Statstcal Organizaton of the Ministry of Planning and Finance, and supported
by the World Bank (WB) and the United Natons Development Programme (UNDP). The MLCS follows from
various households’ surveys that have been previously conducted, in partcular the Integrated Household Living
Conditons Assessment (2005 and 2010), the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (between 1989 and 2012)
and the Myanmar Poverty and Living Conditons Survey (2015). The MLCS brings the objectves of these previous
household surveys together into a single survey, and provides a comprehensive source of living conditons
informaton. This report presents the inital fndings of the survey.
The survey aims to provide reliable, accurate, and up-to-date data for the country. The main statstcal objectves
of the survey are to produce estmates of poverty and living conditons, to provide core data inputs into the System
of Natonal Accounts and the Consumer Price Index and to support monitoring of the Sustainable Development
Goals.
The successful completon of the 2017 MLCS was made possible through contributons of a range of actors at
various stages across the regions in the process. The survey has undergone an extensive consultaton process and
has benefted from multple rounds of comments across the Natonal Statstcs System of the Government of
Myanmar and its development partners. We would like to thank all the government representatves, researchers
and representatves from nongovernmental and internatonal development organizatons who have supported
this efort, through their comments at multple data-user workshops at the concepton, design and analysis
stages. Especially, I appreciated the assistance provided by the Department of Populaton, Ministry of Labor,
Immigraton and Populaton, for providing the sampling frame and household lists and maps of the selected
enumeraton areas for the survey. Furthermore, the support and collaboraton given by the natonal, state, and
regional administraton as well as local leaders played a large role in the successful implementaton of the survey.
I wish to express my deep appreciaton to the leaders and members of the UNDP and World Bank technical
teams. Similarly, I would also like to acknowledge the Survey Secton of the CSO for successfully managing the
technical, administratve, and logistcal aspects of the survey; the resident advisor and trainers for their support
in developing, training and monitoring the feld work; the over 140 supervisors, enumerators, listers and data
processing staf for their treless work throughout the whole year; the fnancial management team for their
important work; the CSO regional coordinators and, in partcular, the survey respondents.
This short report presents some of the inital fndings and focuses on non-income indicators. Further poverty
and socio-economic reports will follow, with greater detail and focus on poverty and expenditure. I hope that the
informaton in this report will assist policymakers and program managers in policy formulaton and monitoring
and designing programs and strategies in Myanmar.
Ministry of Planning and Finance
Ofce No.32, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
Phone : [phone]
(Dr. Wah Wah Maung) Fax : + 95 67 406151
Director General Email :
Contents
Acronyms
Executive Sumary 1
Team members contributing to the report 13
0 1 Introduction 15
1.1 Objective of this report 16
1.2 Introduction to the survey 18
0 2 Population and demographics 21
2.1 Population size and number of households 22
2.2 Household size 25
2.3 Population age-sex pyramids 26
2.4 Dependency ratios 28
2.5 Disability 32
0 3 Energy and electricity 35
3.1 Overview of data collected on energy 36
3.2 Energy sources for lighting 36
3.3 Access to grid electricity 40
0 4 Asets and housing materials 47
4.1 Household asset ownership 48
4.2 Housing materials 54
0 5 Water and Sanitation 61
5.1 Drinking water 62
5.2 Access to improved sanitation facilities 75
5.2.1 Improved toilets 75
5.2.2 Improved sanitation 78
0 6 Technology: mobile phone, computer and internet 85
6.1 Phones 86
6.2 Internet 92
6.3 Computers 95
0 7 Education 9
7.1 Literacy and numeracy 100
7.2 School enrollment rates 109
0 8 Labour 17
8.1 Overview of labour indicators 118
8.2 Labour force participation 121
8.3 Sectoral participation 128
References 135
Annex methodology 139
A1. Instrument development 140
A2. Sampling and representation 141
A3. Survey implementation 144
A4. Key indicator tables 145
Tables
Table 2.1: Number of households and population, MLCS 2017 and Census 2014 23
Table 2.2: Dependency ratios from MLCS 2017 29
Table 2.3: Dependency ratios from MLCS 2017 and Census 2014 30
Table 2.4: Surveys capturing data on persons with disability 33
Table 4.1: Percentage of households owning at least one functioning item 51
Table 4.2: Percentage of households with dwellings a quality wall, 55
foor and roof, by urban/rural and States and Regions
Table 4.3: Percent of households with diferent types of walls for 57
their dwellings
Table 4.4: Percent of households with diferent types of roofs for 58
their dwellings
Table 5.1: Percentage of population with access to water, by category 71
Table 5.2: Percentage of population living in households with access to improved 73
drinking water in the dry season by urban/rural and State and Region
Table 5.3: Percentage of population living in households with access to improved 74
drinking water in the rainy season by urban/rural and State and Region
Table 5.4: Percentage of households with diferent types of toilets, over time 75
Table 5.5: Percentage of population by type of toilet 77
Table 6.1: Percentage of population aged 15 and above using mobile phone 94
and internet in the last 7 days
Table 7.1: Percentage of individuals aged 15 and above who report being 103
literate or numerate
Table 8.1: Adult (aged 15 and above) labour force participation and 123
unemployment rates