Mutagens in food : detection and prevention PDF
Preview Mutagens in food : detection and prevention
Mutagens in Food: I Detection and Prevention Editor Hikoya Hayatsu Professor Bioorganic Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama, Japan Boca Raton London New York CRC Press CRC Press is an imprint of the BocTaay lRor a&t Forann cis AGronunp, Aanr inbfoorrm a bBusoinsetsson First published 1991 by CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Reissued 2018 by CRC Press © 1991 by CRC Press, Inc. CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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CCC is a not- for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mutagens in food : detection and prevention / editor, Hikoya Hayatsu. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-5877-9 1. Food--Toxicology. 2. Mutagenicity testing. 3. Carcinogenicity testing. I. Hayatsu, Hikoya, 1934- . RA1258.M88 1990 615.9’54--dc20 90-20621 A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 90020621 Publisher’s Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent. Disclaimer The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact. ISBN 13: 978-1-315-89577-2 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-1-351-07487-2 (ebk) Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com PREFACE Food is essential for human life. On the other hand, it has become increasingly clear that food can also be a source of health hazard. Epidemiological studies show that the dietary habit is one of the major factors for causing cancers. It is believed that cancer is initiated by mutagenesis of certain genes. Consequently, mutagens, the substances that cause mutation, are the major focus of concern as something that should be gotten rid of from human contact. During the past 15 years, a large amount of knowledge has been rapidly accumulated about mutagens in food, particularly about those produced by cooking. In the process of heating proteinaceous food, many kinds of mutagens are formed. A major portion of these mutagenic substances have now been identified and their carcinogenic potencies revealed. I believe, therefore, that reviewing the present status of mutagens in food is a timely undertaking. Because food is a complex mixture of components, it may be expected that a variety of interactions among these components can take place either in the food itself or after being taken into the human body. Some compounds in food may react to each other, chemically or biologically, to form mutagens; or otherwise, a component may antagonize food-borne mutagens, abolishing their toxic actions. This book deals with various mutagens that arise in and from foods; they may be either naturally occurring or man-made. In the subsequent sections of the book, detection methods of the mutagens, preventative measures against mutagen-formations and mutagen-actions, and the risk assessment of the mutagens are presented. I hope that the book is useful for all who have interest, as well as concern, in the food mutagens. Hikoya Hayatsu Okayama October, 1990 THE EDITOR Hikoya Hayatsu, Ph.D., is Professor of Bioorganic Chemistry in the Faculty of Phar- maceutical Sciences, Okayama University at Okayama, Japan Dr. Hayatsu graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1957 and obtained his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the same university in 1959 and 1964, respectively. As a post doctoral fellow in the University of Wisconsin during the period of 1964 to 1967, he was in the team directed by Dr. H. G. Khorana, and was engaged in the chemical synthesis of genetic-code triplets. He became an Associated Professor of the University of Tokyo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, in 1967. It was in 1978 that he assumed his present position. Dr. Hayatsu is President of the Japan Environmental Mutagen Society. He is on the editorial board of Mutation Research, Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, and Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics. He received the Miyata Science Award and the Japan Environ- mental Mutagen Society Award. He has been the recepient of many research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture and the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Dr. Hayatsu is the author of more than 200 papers. His major research interest has been chemical modification of nucleic acids, and currently this subject has become related to mutagen actions on genetic materials. CONTRIBUTORS Hans-Ulrich Aeschbacher Virginia C. Dunkel Head Chief Department of Genetic Toxicology Genetic Toxicology Branch Nestec Ltd.-Nest16 Research Centre Center for Food Safety and Applied Lausanne, Switzerland Nutrition U.S. Food and Drug Administration Washington, D.C Jan Alexander Deputy Chief James S. Felton Department of Environmental Section Leader, Molecular Biology Medicine Biomedical Sciences Division National Institute of Public Health Lawrence Livermore National Laboratoq Oslo, Norway Livermore, California Bruce N. Ames Marlin Friesen Professor Scientist Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Department of Environmental Biology Carcinogens and Host Factors University of California International Agency for Research on Berkeley, California Cancer Lyon, France A. W. Andrews Laboratory Head David W. Gaylor Microbial Mutagenesis Laboratory Director Program Resources, Inc. Biometry Staff Frederick, Maryland National Center for Toxicological Research U.S. Food and Drug Administration Sakae Arimoto Jefferson, Arkansas Assistant Researcher Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Lois Swirsky Gold Okayama University Director, Carcinogenic Potency Program Tsushima, Okayama, Japan Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Helmut Bartsch University of California Unit Chief Berkeley, California Unit of Environmental Carcinogens and Host Factors Yuzo Hayashi International Agency for Research on Chief Cancer Division of Pathology Lyon, France National Institute of Hygienic Sciences Tokyo, Japan Silvio De Flora Director Hikoya Hayatsu Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Professor Medicine Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Genoa Okayama University Genoa, Italy Okayama, Japan Kazuyuki Hiramoto Minako Nagao Research Associate Division Chief Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Carcinogenesis Division Okayama University National Cancer Center Research Okayama, Japan Institute Tokyo, Japan Motoi Ishidate, Jr. Head Kazuo Negishi Department of Genetics and Mutagenesis Associate Professor Natioanl Institute of Hygienic Science Gene Research Center Tokyo, Japan Okayama Univeristy Okayama, Japan Alberto Izzotti Fellowship Owner Tomoe Negishi Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Lecturer Medicine Faculty of Pharmaceutical University of Genoa Sciences Genoa, Italy Okayama University Okayama, Japan Fred F. Kadlubar Associate Director for Research Hiroko Ohgaki National Center for Toxicological Scientist Research Laboratory of Neuropathology U.S. Food and Drug Administration Institute of Pathology Jefferson, Arkansas University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland Tetsuta Kato Lecturer Hiroshi Ohshima Tokyo College of Pharmacy Senior Scientist Tokyo, Japan Department of Environmental Carcinogens and Host Factors Kiyomi Kikugawa International Agency for Research on Professor Cancer Tokyo College of Pharmacy Lyon, France Tokyo, Japan Shogo Ozawa Mark G. Knize Assistant Biomedical Scientist Department of Pharmacology Biomedical Sciences Division Keio University Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Tokyo, Japan Livermore, California Christian Malaveille Brigitte Pignatelli Scientist Scientist Department of Environmental Department of Environmental Carcinogens and Host Factors Carcinogens and Host Factors International Agency for Research on International Agency for Research on Cancer Cancer Lyon, France Lyon, France Margie Profet HPkan Wallin Staff Scientist Research Fellow Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Department of Environmental Medicine Biology National Institute of Public Health University of California Oslo, Norway Berkeley, California John H. Weisburger Mark H. Schiffman Senior Member Clinical Investigator Department of Biochemical Pharmacology Environmental Epidemiology Branch American Health Foundation National Cancer Institute (U. S .A.) Valhalla, New York Bethesda, Maryland Yasushi Yamazoe Takashi Sugimura Associate Professor President Department of Pharmacology National Cancer Center School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan Keio Univeristy Tokyo, Japan Shozo Takayama Director Patrizia Zanacchi National Cancer Center Research Institute University Researcher Tokyo, Japan Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Yoshio Ueno University of Genoa Professor Genoa, Italy Department of Toxicology and Microbial Chemistry Errol Zeiger Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Head, Mutagenesis Group Science University of Tokyo Experimental Toxicology Branch Tokyo, Japan National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Roger Van Tassel1 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina Research Associate Department of Anaerobic Microbiology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia Keiji Wakabayashi Section Head Carcinogenesis Division National Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo, Japan TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Hikoya Hayatsu Chapter 2 Mutagens in Cooked Food Chapter 2.1 History of the Study of Cooked Food Mutagens.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Hikoya Hayatsu Chapter 2.2 A List of Mutagenic Heterocyclic Amines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Tomoe Negishi, Minako Nagao, Kazuyuki Hiramoto, and Hikoya Hayatsu Chapter 2.3 DNA Modification In Vitro and In Vivo with Heterocyclic Amines.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Kazuo Negishi, Minako Nagao, Kazuyuki Hiramoto, and Hikoya Hayatsu Chapter 3 Dietary Carcinogens and Mutagens from Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Bruce N. Ames, Margie Profet, and Lois Swirsky Gold Chapter 4 Mutagenicity of Chemicals Added to Foods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Errol Zeiger and Virginia C. Dunkel Chapter 5 Mutagen Precursors in Food Chapter 5.1 Mutagen Formation in Muscle Meats and Model Heating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 James S. Felton and Mark G. Knize Chapter 5.2 Nitrosatable Precursors of Mutagens in Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Kiyomi Kikugawa and Minako Nagao Chapter 5.3 Nitrite-Reactive Phenols Present in Smoked Foods and Amino-Sugars Formed by the Maillard Reaction as Precursors of Genotoxic Arenediazonium Ions or Nitroso Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Helmut Bartsch, Hiroshi Ohshima, Brigitte Pignatelli, Christian Malaveille, and Marlin Friesen Chapter 6 Methods for Detection of Mutagens in Food Chapter 6.1 Methods for Separation and Detection of Heterocyclic Arnines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Hikoya Hayatsu, Sakae Arimoto, and Keiji Wakabayashi Chapter 6.2 Mycotoxins .........................................................................1.1 3 Yoshio Ueno Chapter 7 Fate of Ingested Mutagens Chapter 7.1 Activation of Food Mutagens ........................................................ I25 Yasushi Yamazoe and Shogo Ozawa - Chapter 7.2 Metabolic Fate of Heterocyclic Amines from Cooked Food ......................... I43 Jan Alexander and HIkan Wallin Chapter 8 Mechanisms of Food-Borne Inhibitors of Genotoxicity Relevant to Cancer Prevention .............................................................................. I57 Silvio De Flora, Patrizia Zanacchi, Alberto Izzotti, and Hikoya Hayatsu Chapter 9 Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Compounds in Beverages .............................. .18 1 Hans-Ulrich Aeschbacher Chapter 10 Prevention of Mutagen Formation Chapter 10.1 Prevention of Heterocyclic Amine Formation in Relation to Carcinogenesis ........ .I93 John H. Weisburger Chapter 10.2 Prevention of Nitrosamine Formation ............................................... .205 Kiyomi Kikugawa and Tetsuta Kato Chapter 11 Carcinogenicity of Food Mutagens and Risk Assessment Chapter 11.1 Short Review of the Carcinogenicities of Mutagens in Food Pyrolysates ........... .219 Hiroko Ohgaki, Shozo Takayama, and Takashi Sugirnura Chapter 11 .2 Quantitative Cancer Risk Assessment of Heterocyclic Amines in Cooked Foods .... 229 David W. Gaylor and Fred F. Kadlubar Chapter 11 .3 Epidemiologic Studies of Fecal Mutagenicity, Cooked Meat Ingestion, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer.. ................................................................. .237 Mark H. Schiffman, Roger Van Tassell, and A. W. Andrews Chapter 11 .4 Cancer Risk Assessment of Food Additives and Food Contaminants ................ 243 Yuzo Hayashi
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