Muslim History and Social Theory: A Global Sociology of Modernity PDF
Preview Muslim History and Social Theory: A Global Sociology of Modernity
The Modern Muslim World Series Editor Dietrich Jung Centre for Contemporary Middle East Studies University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark The modern Muslim world is an integral part of global society. In trans- cendingtheconfinesofareastudies,thisseriesencompassesscholarlywork on political, economic, and cultural issues in modern Muslim history, taking a global perspective. Focusing on the period from the early nine- teenth century to the present, it combines studies of Muslim majority regions, such as the Middle East and in Africa and Asia, with the analysis ofMuslimminoritycommunitiesinEuropeandtheAmericas.Emphasizing the global connectedness of Muslims, the series seeks to promote and encourage the understanding of contemporary Muslim life in a compara- tiveperspectiveandasaninseparablepartofmodernglobality. More information aboutthisseries at http://www.springer.com/series/14429 DietrichJung Muslim History and Social Theory A Global Sociology of Modernity DietrichJung CentreforContemporaryMiddleEastStudies UniversityofSouthernDenmark Odense,Denmark TheModernMuslimWorld ISBN978-3-319-52607-2 ISBN978-3-319-52608-9(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-52608-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017936655 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s)2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsof translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthis publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesare exemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformation in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespectto thematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.The publisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitu- tionalaffiliations. Coverillustration:AbstractBricksandShadows©StephenBonk/Fotolia.co.uk Printedonacid-freepaper ThisPalgraveMacmillanimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland A CKNOWLEDGMENTS Thebookistheresultofintensiveresearcheffortsintheyears2013–2016.Itis my personal contribution to the “Modern Muslim Subjectivities Project”, whose two subprojects have been supported by grants from the Danish Research Council for the Humanities (FKK) and the private VELUX Foundation, respectively. In the grant applications, I promised to combine theoretical work with research on Islamic reform movements. I redeem this promisewiththepublicationofthisbook.Iamverygratefulforthefinancial supportofthesetwofundingorganizations,withoutwhichthisbookwould unlikelyhaveappeared.Inadditiontothem,Imustthankfourotherinstitu- tions.InAugustandSeptember2014,Iwasabletoponderonthestructure andargumentofthisbookattheCentreforStudiesinReligionandSocietyat UniversityofVictoriaandatGreenCollegeatUniversityofBritishColumbia in Vancouver. I am in particular grateful to the Centre’s director, Paul Bramadat,andtothePrincipalofGreenCollege,MarkVessey,forarranging theseresearchstays.Itwasnotthefirsttimetheyhadofferedmeafruitfuland hospitalworkingenvironment.Thefirstdraftofthewholebookmanuscript, then,waswrittenattheUniversityoftheBundeswehrinMunich.ThereIhad thepleasureofbeinggivenanofficeattheDepartmentofGlobalPoliticsand ConflictStudiesattheInstituteofPoliticalScience.Thedepartmentisheaded byProf.StephanStetter–heandhiscolleaguesdeservemyspecialthanksfor givingmeanidealpersonalandinstitutionalframeworkforwritingthefinal draftmanuscript ofthisbook.Finally,in thepastthreeyearsIhavehadthe pleasureofdiscussingsomeofthetheoreticalideasforthisbookinseminars with a number of colleagues at the Centre for Resolution of International Conflicts(CRIC)attheUniversityofCopenhagen. v vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Being the eventual outcome of two specific research projects, this book nevertheless is deeply rooted in my previous work and broader scholarly discussions.Toacertainextent,itrepresentsashortsynthesisofmyresearch in recent decades and the discussions I have had with a large number of colleagues in both the Social Sciences and in Islamic and Middle East Studies. It is not possible to do justice to all of them in these acknowl- edgments.Yet,IwouldliketothankinparticularLutzBerger,PeterBeyer, Pinar Bilgin, Jan Busse, Thomas Eich, Mervat Hatem, Sinisa Malesevic, Richard C. Martin, Götz Nordbruch, Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen, Umar Ryad, Klaus Schlichte, Mark Sedgwick, Kirstine Sinclair, George Thomas, andMortenValbjørn.Inthepastyears,allofthem–inonewayoranother– havesharedwithmetheirthoughtsonsomeofthesubjectsatissueinthis book. Without any doubt these thoughts have left their imprints on its content. Last but not least, I would like to thank the anonymous peer reviewers,MartinLedstrup,CatherineSchwerin,andAlinaYurova.Martin readthewholemanuscript,andhiscriticalcommentscontributedmuchto developingtheversioninwhichitappearshere.CatherineSchwerinagain helpedmeincopingwiththeuncertaintiesoftheEnglishlanguagewhich each nonnative speaker has to face. Alina Yurova, finally, fully supported this book project in her capacity as editor for regional politics and devel- opmentstudiesatPalgraveMacmillaninNewYork.Itgoeswithoutsaying that any remaining flaws and mistakes are the sole responsibility of the author. I dedicate this book to Marianne Holm Pedersen and Oskar Jung Pedersen.Theyinvestedalotinthiscomparativelysmallbook.Thankyou for giving your consentto dowithoutmewhileI was puttingtogether its content. C ONTENTS 1 RemainingModern:An Introduction 1 Notes 11 2 Multiple,Entangled,andSuccessive Modernities: Putting Modernityin the Plural 13 Multiple Modernities: BringingReligion andTradition Back In 16 Entangled Modernitiesand Colonial History 21 Successive Modernitiesas Ideal Types 25 Conclusion 29 Notes 31 3 FunctionalDifferentiation, Theories ofEmergence, andWorld Society:The Macro Levelof Modernity 33 Functional Differentiationand World Society 36 Theories ofEmergenceand Global Modernity 44 Autochthonous Border Demarcationsin the Muslim World 47 Conclusion 51 Notes 53 4 Contingency,ModernSubjectivity, andCulturalTypes: TheMicro Levelof Modernity 55 Contingency and Uncertainty:The Culture ofModernity 59 Modern Subjectivity Formation:The Double Nature of theModern Subject 63 vii viii CONTENTS Modern CulturalTypes: TheHybridity of theModern Subject 66 Conclusions 75 Notes 76 5 Modernization,Organization, andGlobal Cultural Scripts:The MesoLevel ofModernity 79 World Culture,World Polity,World Society 83 World Culture,Functional Differentiation,and Pluralistic Modernities 88 Constructing Islam as aModernReligion 93 Notes 98 6 Conclusions:Global Sociologyof Modernity andWorld History 101 Note 108 References 111 Index 125 CHAPTER1 Remaining Modern: An Introduction Abstract We are all modern. That is the core message of this book. Yet, what does it mean to be modern? How do we understand the modern condition in light of a multiplicity of concepts of modernity in contem- porary social theory? The introduction will show the way in which these questions will be answered in the subsequent chapters of this book. Moreover,itwillputtheargumentationofthebookintobothascholarly context with respect to Islamic studies and social theory as well as a biographical context. Keywords Modernity (cid:1) Modernization theory (cid:1) Orientalism (cid:1) Islamic studies(cid:1) Muslim history Weareallmodern.Thatisthecoremessageofthisbook.Yet,whatdoesit mean to be modern? How do we understand the modern condition in light of a multiplicity of concepts of modernity in contemporary social theory? If we look back into the late 1950s, the world of modernity still seemedtobeinorder.Inawidelyreadandthenpositivelyacclaimedbook on the modernization of the Middle East, Daniel Lerner (1958), for instance, suggestedthatthe moderntransformation isasystemic process, an almost natural process of social change, in which all contemporary societies are more or less involved. In The Passing of Traditional Society, Lernerclaimedthatabasicmodelofmodernizationisattheheartofthis ©TheAuthor(s)2017 1 D.Jung,MuslimHistoryandSocialTheory,TheModernMuslim World,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-52608-9_1
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