Muslim Communities in England 1962-90: Multiculturalism and Political Identity PDF
Preview Muslim Communities in England 1962-90: Multiculturalism and Political Identity
Palgrave Politics of Identity and Citizenship Series Series Editors Varun Uberoi Department of Politics and History Brunel University London London, United Kingdom Nasar Meer School of Social and Political Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, United Kingdom Tariq Modood School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies University of Bristol Bristol, United Kingdom The politics of identity and citizenship has assumed increasing impor- fi tanceasourpolitieshavebecomesigni cantlymoreculturally,ethnically ff and religiously diverse. Di erent types of scholars, including philoso- phers, sociologists, political scientists and historians make contributions fi to this eld and this series showcases a variety of innovative contribu- ff tions to it. Focusing on a range of di erent countries, and utilizing the ff insights of di erent disciplines, the series helps to illuminate an increas- ingly controversial area of research and titles in it will be of interest to a number of audiences including scholars, students and other interested individuals. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14670 Jed Fazakarley Muslim Communities in – England 1962 90 Multiculturalism and Political Identity JedFazakarley HertfordCollege UniversityofOxford Oxford,UnitedKingdom PalgravePoliticsofIdentityandCitizenshipSeries ISBN978-3-319-53791-7 ISBN978-3-319-53792-4(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-53792-4 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017937309 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s)2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublica- tiondoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromthe relevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedherein orforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardto jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Coverillustration:ChristopherFurlong/Staff/Getty Printedonacid-freepaper ThisPalgraveMacmillanimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Acknowledgements Given that this book has been almost thirty years in the making, I have accrued a great many debts during the course of its production. fi The rst, and by far the greatest, such debt is owed to my parents. ffi ffi Thisisalsoadebtthatisdi culttorepayinwords.Su ceittosaythat fi my gratitude to them for their emotional and nancial support is limitless. A great number of people in the academic community also deserve – credit for the appearance of this book or blame, depending on what you think about the material that follows. Various members of the History department at the University of York helped to shape my general but vague preference for all the school subjects that were not hard sciences into an enjoyment of historical narrative and analysis. Chief amongst them were Prof Liz Buettner, Prof Pete Biller, and Dr Henrice Altink. It is possibly accidental that my current historical – interests so closely resemble a composite of their own they just got fi – fi to me rst but I have never regretted my choice of eld. At Oxford, where this book originated as a D Phil thesis, Dr John Davis and Dr Simon Skinner deserve the deepest appreciation. John, fi fl as my supervisor, had the most signi cant in uence on the thesis intellectually, whilst Simon did a great job of orienting me at an fi institution I nevertheless still nd somewhat mysterious. Both have been, and continue to be, invaluable sources of career support and v vi Acknowledgements guidance.SotooisProfStephenTuck,andthemanalsoreallyknows how to barbecue. Dr Matthew Grimley and Dr Jane Garnett have also stepped in with advice and references, and have left marks upon the content of this book. The rich and challenging intellectual environment of Oxford has also provided me with a number of opportunities to air, and hopefully sharpen, aspects of the argument that follows. In addition to the above faculty members, questions and challenges from Dr William Whyte, Prof Lawrence Goldman, and Prof Jamie Belich stand out as having required particularly careful revision on my part. Throughout 2015 and 2016, I was a postdoctoral research fellow at The Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities (TORCH). It was duringthisperiodthatthesisbecamebook.Sociallyandintellectually, the environment at TORCH is, in my experience, unmatched in ff academia. The stimulation, support, and succour o ered there by (in addition to Prof Tuck) Dr Justine McConnell, Dr Ruth Scobie, Dr Robin Whelan, Dr Alice Kelly, soon-to-be Drs Jono Taylor and TimothyFarrant,LauraMiller,andtheindustrious-cum-intimidating Victoria McGuiness-Francis have meant a great deal. ff Outside of Oxford, the e orts of Prof John Eade stand out. He has been a vital interlocutor at stages of the project, and his general support ff and guidance has been constant and o ered always with remarkable celerity and grace. He also kindly allowed me to view some of his own private collected ephemera that are referenced below. At Palgrave, I am indebted to the anonymous peer-reviewers who helpedguidesomeofthemorerecentrevisionsmadetothebook,andto “ ” the editors of the Politics of Identity and Citizenship series for kindly fi allowing me to contribute to a series of ne books from which I have learned so much. In particular, the perceptive interventions of Prof Varun Uberoi, though coming at a late stage, have helped me to considerably improve this book. I also, of course, owe much gratitude to the editorial team. ff Finally,Iamgratefultothesta ateachandeveryarchivalinstitution I have visited in the course of my research. They have supplied me with ’ fl historyscrookedtimber;whatfollowsre ectsmyattemptstostraighten it out. Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Accommodation and Integration: Educating English – Muslims, 1962 98 39 Purdah 3 Home Bodies: and the Integration of Muslim Women in England 95 4 Religion, Culture, and Biology: English Muslim Workers, – 1962 85 129 ff 5 Butting Fundaments: Responses to the Rushdie A air 161 6 The Origins, Nature, and Location of Multiculturalism in Post-war Britain 199 7 Conclusion: English Muslims and Multiculturalism since the 1990s 263 Bibliography 285 Index 303 vii List of Abbreviations AMA Association of Municipal Authorities AMC Association of Municipal Corporations AYM Asian Youth Movement BCM Bradford Council of Mosques BENTH Bangladeshi Educational Needs in Tower Hamlets BHAG Bengali Housing Action Group BHRU Bradford Heritage Recording Unit BMAF British Muslim Action Front BWA Bangladesh Welfare Association CARD Campaign Against Racial Discrimination CIA Commonwealth Immigration/Immigrants Act CIAC Commonwealth Immigrants Advisory Council CRC Community Relations Commission [national body] CRCs Community Relations Councils [local bodies] CRE Commission for Racial Equality CRO Community Relations Officer CSCC Caribbean Social and Cricket Club CSS Council of Social Services DEAGRR Department of Employment Advisory Group on Race Relations DES Department of Education and Science EDM Early Day Motion EHRC Equality and Human Rights Commission FBYO Federation of Bangladeshi Youth Organisations ix x ListofAbbreviations GLC Greater London Council GMS Grant-Maintained School HMSI Her Majesty’s Schools Inspectorate ICC Islamic Cultural Centre ILEA Inner London Education Authority IRR Institute for Race Relations IWA-GB Indian Workers Association-GB IWA-S Indian Workers Association-Southall KCRC Keighley Community Relations Council LBTH London Borough of Tower Hamlets LEA Local Education Authority LPRD Labour Party Research Department MCB Muslim Council of Britain MET Muslim Educational Trust MEECC [Inner London Education Authority] Multi-Ethnic Education Consultative Committee MLC Muslim Liaison Committee MoL Ministry of Labour MPA Muslim Parents Association MPGB Muslim Parliament of Great Britain MYM Muslim Youth Movement MWC Muslim Welfare Centre NES Non-English Speaking NF National Front NFPA National Federation of Pakistani Associations NUT National Union of Teachers OCRI Oxford Committee for Racial Integration PEP Political and Economic Planning PMA Pakistani Muslim Association PWA Pakistani Welfare Association PYO Progressive Youth Organisation SLIC South London Islamic Centre SYM Southall Youth Movement TUC Trades Union Congress UKACIA UK Advisory Council on Islamic Affairs UKIM UK Islamic Mission ULTS Unified Language Training Service
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