Music, Language, Speech and Brain: Proceedings of an International Symposium at the Wenner-Gren Center, Stockholm, 5–8 September 1990 PDF
Preview Music, Language, Speech and Brain: Proceedings of an International Symposium at the Wenner-Gren Center, Stockholm, 5–8 September 1990
WENNER-OREN CENTER INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM· SERIES VOLUME 59 MUSIC, LANGUAGE, SPEECH AND MUSIC, LANGUAGE, SPEECH AND BRAIN Proceedings of an International Symposium at the Wenner-Gren Center, Stockholm, 5-8 September 1990 Edited by Johan Sundberg Lennart Nord and Rolf Carlson Dept of Speech Communication and Music Acoustics Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden ©The Wenner-Gren Center 1991 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIP9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author(s) has/have asserted his/her /their rights to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 1991 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-1-349-12672-9 ISBN 978-1-349-12670-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-12670-5 ISSN 0-0083-7989 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 96 Contents Preface ix Dedication Gunnar Fant xi Participants xiii Part I. Descriptions of Music and Language 1 Knowledge of language and the sounds of speech M. Halle and K. N. Stevens 1 2 Structure and association in descriptions of music, with a coda on linguistic analogies w. Slawson 20 3 Some lines of poetry viewed as music F. Lerdahl and J. Halle 34 4 The melodic structures of music and speech: Applications and dimensions of the implication-realization model E. Narmour 48 5 Magritte, music and methods of language description B. Sigurd 57 6 Invariance in the linguistic expression, with digressions into music J. Rischel 68 7 Durationally specified intonation in English and Bengali B. Hayes and A. Lahiri 78 v vi CONTENTS 8 Summary and discussion of descriptions of music and language o. Fujimura 92 Part II. Speech and Music Performance 9 Speech research: An overview I. Lehiste 98 10 Rhythm, accentuation and final lengthening in French J. Vaissiere 108 11 Performance rules in a text-to-speech system R. Carlson and B. Granstr6m 121 12 Music and the phonological principle: Remarks from the phoneticians' bench J. B. Pierrehumbert 132 13 Emotion expression in speech and music K. R. Scherer 146 14 Linguistic rhythm and speech segmentation A. Cutler 157 15 Summary and discussion of speech performance G. Bruce 167 16 Music performance research: An overview ~- Sundberg 173 17 Expression and communication in musical performance E. F. Clarke 184 18 Recent work in real-time music understanding by computer R. B. Dannenberg 194 19 Context-dependent intonation variants of melodic intervals A. Rakowski 203 20 Summary and discussion of music performance A. Gabrielsson 212 CONTENTS Part III. Voice and Instruments 21 Analogies in the production of speech and music J. Liljencrants 220 22 The human voice as a biological musical instrument I. R. Titze 232 23 Voices and strings: Close cousins or not? A. Askenfelt 243 Part IV. Cognitive and Perceptual Aspects 24 Some cognitive and perceptual aspects of speech and music B. H. Repp 257 25 Melodic structure: Theoretical and empirical descriptions c. L. Krumhansl 269 26 Using brief glimpses to decompose mixtures A. s. Bregman 284 27 Lexical alignment and activation in spoken word recognition u. H. Frauenfelder 294 28 Summary and discussion of cognitive and perceptual aspects B. Lindblom 304 Part v. Neurophysiological Aspects 29 Neurophysiology of brain function: An overview H. w. Gordon and K. Bellamy 311 30 EEG studies in the perception of simple and complex rhythms H. Petsche, P. Rappelsberger, o. Filz and G. H. Gruber 318 31 Prosody, musical rhythm, tone pitch and response initiation during amytal hemisphere anaesthesia H. M. Borchgrevink 327 viii CONTENTS 32 The 'composition' of thought and behaviour A. Wirsen 344 33 Cognitive and brain mechanisms in perceptual learning J. J. Bharucha 349 34 Expressive performance with electronic instruments M. v. Mathews 359 Part VI. Speech and Music Combined 35 Speech and music combined: an overview J.-c. Risset 368 36 Stress patterns and rhythm in the reading of prose and poetry with analogies to music performance G. Fant, A. Kruckenberg and L. Nord 380 37 The relationship of text and tune in Chinese opera B. Yung 408 38 Interrelationships between verbal and musical grammars M. Baroni 419 39 Summary and discussion of speech and music combined J. Rischel 429 40 Comments on the symposium J. Rischel 434 41 Summary J. Sundberg 441 List of sound examples 447 Index 455 Preface Speech/Language and Music are the two main forms of systematic interhuman communication which use acoustic signals. There are obviously interesting and thought-provoking parallels between these areas; researchers may profit from knowing how research problems are attacked and solved and where the difficulties are also in the other fields. On September 4 to 8, 1990, the Wenner-Gren Centre Foundation organized a conference called MUSIC LANGUAGE SPEECH AND BRAIN at the Wenner Gren Centre, Stockholm. The planning and coordination of the meeting was handled by a committee including Rolf Carlson, Curt von Euler, Alf Gabrielsson, Lennart Nord, David Ottoson, Johan Sundberg. Further support during the planning was offered by an advisory committee consisting of Gosta Bruce, Gunnar Fant, Bjorn Granstrom, Carol Krumhansl, Bjorn Lindblom, Max Mathews Jean-Claude Risset, Wayne Slawson. The conference was co-sponsored by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation, the Royal Swedish Academy of Music, and the Department of Speech Communication and Music Acoustics, at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. In the symposium broad overviews of research in the various fields were presented together with presentations of recent investigations. One of the main aims was to further the general recognition of this interdisciplinary field. Another purpose was to invite to some stimulating brainstorming and to encourage future research in this intersection of fields. Several aspects are interesting in a joint exposure of research in language, speech, music and the human brain. In the symposium, six such aspects were devoted special sessions: (1) Descriptions of language and music: the nature of language and music structure; the tools used for describing these structures. (2) Speech and music performance: the principles determining the acoustic realization of speech and music. (3) Voice and instruments: similarities and dissimilarities between the human voice and different music instruments. (4) Cognitive and perceptual aspects: music and speech are both devised for human perception and cognition, so what consequences can be observed of this fact? (5) Neurophysiological aspects; the study of speech and music within the field of neurophysiology. (6) Speech and music combined. Principles applied when speech and music are combined in songs; musical uses of the human voice. This aspect was also devoted an artistic manifestation: a concert at the Royal Academy of Music, with ix PREFACE X compositions for tape and voice composed by participants Jean-Claude Risset, Wayne Slawson, Lars-Gunnar Bodin, and Bengt-Emil Johnson as well as Lieders by Franz Schubert, Hugo Wolf, Maurice Ravel, and Ture Rangstrom. The symposium was attended by about hundred participants, about half of whom were observers. Nearly all contributions are presented in these proceedings. Scientific investigations of speech and music often focus on sound characteristics. This was the case with several contributions to the symposium. However, it is a notorious difficulty to write about sounds; there are no verbal means to describe them completely and efficiently. Fortunately, it was possible to include the sound examples presented at the symposium in a CD record that is contained in the pocket on the inside of the back cover. KTH, Stockholm November 1990 Johan Sundberg, Lennart Nord, Rolf Carlson
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