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MUSIC IN STAR TREK The tensions between utopian dreams and dystopian anxieties permeate science fiction as a genre, and nowhere is this tension more evident than in Star Trek. This book breaks new ground by exploring music and sound within the Star Trek franchise across decades and media, offering the first sustained look at the role of music in shaping this influential series. The chapters in this edited collection consider how the aural, visual, and narrative components of Star Trek combine as it constructs and deconstructs the utopian and dystopian, shedding new light on the series’ political, cultural, and aesthetic impact. Considering how the music of Star Trek defines and interprets religion, ideology, artificial intelligence, and more, while also considering fan interactions with the show’s audio, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of music, media studies, science fiction, and popular culture. Jessica Getman is an Assistant Professor of Musicology/Ethnomusicology at California State University, San Bernardino, and a film musicologist focusing on music in television and science fiction media. Brooke McCorkle Okazaki is an Assistant Professor of Music at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota. She specializes in opera of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, film music, and the music of modern Japan. Evan Ware is Assistant Professor of Music Theory and Composition at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. His scholarship focuses on reinterpretation and meaning in popular and film/television music. MUSIC IN STAR TREK Sound, Utopia, and the Future Edited by Jessica Getman, Brooke McCorkle Okazaki, and Evan Ware Cover image: sabelskaya/Getty Images First published 2023 by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 and by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 Taylor & Francis The right of Jessica Getman, Brooke McCorkle Okazaki and Evan Ware to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Names: Getman, Jessica, editor. | Okazaki, Brooke McCorkle, 1980- editor. | Ware, Evan, editor. Title: Music in Star Trek : sound, utopia, and the future / edited by Jessica Getman, Brooke McCorkle Okazaki, and Evan Ware. Description: [1.] | New York : Routledge, 2023. | Series: Routledge music and screen media series | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2022029218 (print) | LCCN 2022029219 (ebook) | ISBN 9781138615243 (hardback) | ISBN 9781138615250 (paperback) | ISBN 9780429463228 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Star Trek films‐‐History and criticism. | Star Trek television programs‐‐History and criticism. | Motion picture music‐‐History and criticism. | Science fiction in music. Classification: LCC ML2075 .M8759 2023 (print) | LCC ML2075 (ebook) | DDC 781.5/42‐‐dc23/eng/20220622 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022029218 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022029219 ISBN: 978-1-138-61524-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-61525-0 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-46322-8 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9780429463228 Typeset in Bembo by MPS Limited, Dehradun CONTENTS List of Examples viii List of Figures xii List of Tables xiv List of Abbreviations xv Series Foreword xvi Preface: Jay Chattaway xviii 1 Introduction: Hearing Utopia in Star Trek 1 Jessica Getman, Brooke McCorkle Okazaki, and Evan Ware 2 Star Trek: The Original Series, Utopian/Dystopian Spaces, and Music 16 Amanda Keeler 3 The Trouble with Trebles: Orchestration and False Utopias in Star Trek: The Original Series 28 Reba A. Wissner 4 Tracks for Trek: Music in Network Ads for Star Trek: The Original Series 41 James Deaville vi Contents 5 From Spock with Love: Fan Audio, Participatory Media, and Circulating the Materials of Star Trek Fan Culture 62 Kate Galloway 6 Loving Lwaxana, Trek’s Sonically Disruptive Diva 86 Josh Morrison 7 I, Musician: Humanity, Music, and Artificial Intelligence in the Star Trek Franchise 108 Jessica Getman 8 Not Logical, but Often True: The Evolving Role of Religion in Star Trek’s Utopia 134 Naomi Graber 9 Sinatra in Space: Music for Hope and Loss Beyond the Final Frontier 154 Tim Summers 10 Markers of Utopian Difference: Music in Deep Space Nine (1993–1999) and Voyager (1995–2001) 177 Paul Sommerfeld 11 No, They’re Not Gonna Change My Mind: Anti-Fandom and the Enterprise Title Cue 199 Evan Ware 12 Navigating Contrasting Styles in the First Three Star Trek Film Scores 232 Louis Niebur 13 Songs of the Final Frontier: Listening to Whales in Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home 246 Sarah Rebecca Kessler 14 Days of Utopia Past: Nostalgia and the Star Trek (2009) Soundtrack 259 Brooke McCorkle Okazaki Contents vii 15 Epilogue: The Conflicted Utopias of Star Trek’s Renaissance (2017–) 280 Jessica Getman, Brooke McCorkle Okazaki, and Evan Ware Contributors 293 Index 297 EXAMPLES 3.1 Gerald Fried, “Olde English,” mm. 1–6 from “Shore Leave.” Transcribed by author 33 3.2 Gerald Fried, “Pine Trees,” flute solo, mm. 1–8 from “The Paradise Syndrome.” Transcribed by author 36 3.3 Gerald Fried, the Tahiti Syndrome theme from “The Amerinds,” mm. 7–9 from “The Paradise Syndrome.” Transcribed by author 36 4.1 NBC stock action cue, from “First ever Star Trek Promo (1966).” Transcribed by Adrian Matte, with thanks 50 4.2 Enterprise theme, from “NBC Previews - 1965–1966 TV Season.” Transcribed by Adrian Matte 52 4.3 New fanfare music, from “NBC 1966 [sic] Star Trek Promo - 60 sec.” Transcribed by Adrian Matte 56 7.1a The “Big Ruk” theme by Fred Steiner, from the TOS episode “What Are Little Girls Made Of?” Transcribed by author 111 7.1b From the cue “Android Kirk” (M22) by Fred Steiner, demonstrating Steiner’s use of his “Kirk’s Theme,” from the TOS episode “What Are Little Girls Made Of?” Transcribed by author 111 7.2a From the cue “Data’s Brother” by Ron Jones, from the TNG episode “Datalore.” Transcribed by author and Evan Ware 113 7.2b From the cue “Data’s Beginning” by Ron Jones, from the TNG episode “Datalore.” Transcribed by author, Andrew S. Kohler, and Evan Ware 113 7.3a From the cue “Yellow Alert” by Ron Jones, from the TNG episode “Q, Who?” Transcribed by author and Evan Ware 115 Examples ix 7.3b From the cue “Borg Engaged” by Ron Jones, from the TNG episode “The Best of Both Worlds, Part I.” Transcribed by author and Evan Ware 115 7.3c From track 13, “Borg Montage,” from the soundtrack to Star Trek: First Contact, composed by Jerry Goldsmith and Joel Goldsmith. Transcribed by author and Evan Ware 115 8.1 Gerald Fried, “Fight Music,” block two, from the TOS episode “Amok Time.” Transcribed by author and Evan Ware 140 8.2 Dennis McCarthy, “Orbosity,” from the DS9 episode “The Circle.” Transcribed by author and Evan Ware 143 8.3a David Bell, theme from “The Followers Throw the Pills” in the DS9 episode “Covenant.” Transcribed by author and Evan Ware 145 8.3b Dennis McCarthy, opening fanfare from the DS9 title cue. Transcribed by author and Evan Ware 145 10.1 Jay Chattaway, cue M11, mm. 34–37. From the DS9 episode “The Collaborator” (1:35). Transcribed by author 180 10.2 Jerry Goldsmith, opening of the TNG title theme. Transcribed by author 181 10.3 Dennis McCarthy, DS9 title theme. Transcribed by author 181 10.4 Dennis McCarthy, from the DS9 episode “Emissary” (5:37). Transcribed by author 183 10.5 Dennis McCarthy, from the DS9 episode “Emissary” (1:28:10). Transcribed by author 184 10.6 Jay Chattaway, cue M11, mm. 1–2. From the DS9 episode “The Adversary” (0:40). Transcribed by author 185 10.7 Dennis McCarthy, from the DS9 episode “What You Leave Behind” (1:14:52). Transcribed by author 187 10.8 Jay Chattaway, from the VOY episode “Caretaker” (15:30; 1:10:25). Transcribed by author 189 10.9 Jay Chattaway, cue M84Rev2, mm. 46–49. From the VOY episode “Caretaker” (1:29:20). Transcribed by author 189 10.10 Jay Chattaway, cue M42, mm. 5–8. From the VOY episode “Tuvix” (28:30). Transcribed by author 191 10.11 Jay Chattaway, cue 54, mm. 34–35. From the VOY episode “Tuvix” (44:45). Transcribed by author 192 10.12 Jay Chattaway, cue M65, mm. 1–11. From the VOY episode “Endgame” (1:06:40). Transcribed by author 193 10.13 Jay Chattaway, cue M66Rev, mm. 17–20. From the VOY episode “Endgame” (1:09:00). Transcribed by author 193 11.1 “Faith of the Heart” (ENT) beginning of the first verse (time code 0:00:00–0:00:07). Transcribed by author 205