Music In Education Unesco

325 Pages·2005·17.31 MB·English

M U S I C
IN E D U C A T I O N
International Conference
on tiie Role and Place of Music
in the Education of Youth and Adults
Brussels, 29 June to 9 July 1953
UNESCO
MUSIC IN EDUCATION
First published in May 195s by the United Nations
Educational, Scient$% and Culfural Organization
13 avenue Kliber, Paris-16e
2nd impresrion January 1956
Printed by Gassmann S. A.,S oleure (Switzerland)
0 Unesco 1956
Prinied in Suttrsrland
CUA. 55 D. 15 Aa
CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Text of the Canticle to Hope, Paul Claude1 . . . . . 15
I. GENERAL EXDOSfiS
The philosophy of music education, by Georges Duhamel . 23
Santa
Music and international understanding, by Doming0 Cruz 34
Music education within the reach of all, by Dragotin Cvetko 41
The role of folk music in education, by Sir Steuart Wilson . 46
The present state of music education in the occidental world,
by Leo Kestenberg . . . . . . . . . 52
Music education in Europe, by Eberhard Preussner . . . 58
Music education on the American continent, by Arnold Walter 65
The present state of music education in the Asiatic continent:
India, by V. Raghavan . . . . . . . . 72
New trends in music education, by Vanett Lawler . . . 87
11. MUSIC EDUCATION IN THE CURRICULUM
A. Primay and Seconday Schools
Music in rural schools in Scotland, by A. McShields . . 97
Music in rural schools in England and Wales, by H.Watkins
Shaw . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
The teaching of singing in rural schools of Yugoslavia, by
Miodrag A.V asiljeviE . . . . . . . . . 103
Music in the elementary school in Sweden, by Yngve Haren . 106
Music in the elementary schools of the United States, by
Marjorie J. Malone . . . . . . . . . 110
School music education in Germany, by Egon Kraus . . 112
School music education in Yugoslavia, by Truda Reich-Grbec 115
School music education in Japan,b y Tomojiro Ikenouchi . 118
School music education in Italy, by Virgilio Mortari . . 122
School music education in Norway, by Ingeborg Kindem . 124
School music education in Denmark, by Willum Hansen and
Rudolf Grytter . . . . . . . . . . 128
School music education in Peru, by Maria Ureta del Solar . 130
School music education in England, by J. W.H orton . . 136
B. Higher Educ&on
Music education in the colleges and universities of America,
by Carl Parrish . . . . . . . . . . 140
Music education in the universities of Europe, by Valentin
Denis . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Music education in the universities of the Scandinavian coun-
tries, by Eino Roiha . . . . . . . . . 148
C. Popular Music Schools
Rural music schools in England, by Mary Ibberson . . 151
A people’s school of music in the Netherlands, by
G.J . Th. Lohmann . . . . . . . . . 154
D.I ndividual and Private Music Instruction
Individual and private music instruction in Japan,b y Naohiro
Fukui . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Individual and private music instruction in England and Wales,
by I: R.W alters . . . . . . . . . . 158
Individual and private music instruction in the Philippines, by
Lucrecia R. Kasilag . . . . . . . . . 161
111. MUSIC EDUCATION IN SOCIETY
The training of the listener in music appreciation, by Marcel
Andries . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
The role of music in general education, by L. Gelber . . 174
The importance of audience participation in singing, by Mar-
garita Menkndes, Garcia y Beltran . . . . . . 180
The importance of audience participation in dancing, by
Douglas Kennedy . . . . . . . . . 183
Music education and folk music, by Halil Bedi Yonetken . 187
Folk music as a social binding force, by Maud Karpeles . . 189
Music in industry: functional music, by Josephine McVeigh . 192
Music in the workers’ leisure time, by Jef Poels . . . 195
The curative powers of music, by Christine Hendrickx-
Duchaine . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Music in prisons and reformatories in England and Wales, by
Charles Cape . . . . . . . . . . 205
The great public music libraries, by Vladimir FCdorov . . 207
The role of popular libraries in music education, by Alfons
Ott . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 12
The libraries of the conservatories, by Guy Ferchault . . 21 5
Sound libraries and their role in music education, by Roger
Dtvigne . . . . . . . . . . . 220
IV. METHODS AND AIDS IN MUSIC EDUCATION
Eurhythmics :t he Jaques-Dalcroze method, by Frank Martin. 225
The Martenot method, by Maurice Martenot . . . . 232
The Orff-Bergese method, by Egon Kraus and Wilhelm
Twit tenhoff . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Music education by the Ward method, by Joseph Lennaerds . 244
A means of education: the making of musical instruments
by children and adolescents, by Heinrich M. Sambeth . 247
A new method of instrumental instruction: the film as a means
of music education, by Louta Nouneberg . . . . 248
The radio as a means of music education in Canada,b y Geoffrey
Waddington . . . . . . . . . . . 252
The gramophone record, an aid in music education, by A.C her-
buliez de Sprecher . . . . . . . . . 255
A history of music recorded for educational purposes, by Fred
Hamel . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
V. THE TRAINING OF THE TEACHER
Music education, by the specialist or the general teacher?, by
Andrt Henry . . . . . . . . . . 267
Musical training of rural school teachers in France, by Emile
Damais . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
The training of teachers for music in the rural schools of the
U.S.A.b,y Harry R. Wilson . . . . . . . 275
The training of music teachers in Germany, by Dietrich
Stoverock . . . . , . . . . . . 279
The training of specialist teachers of music in the University of
Reading, in England, by Arnold Bentley . . . . 282
The training of music teachers in the Netherlands, by Henri
Geraedts . . . . . . . . . . . 284
The training of music teachers in France, by Blanche Souriac 286
The music specialist in the schools of England, by J. W.Horton 291
VI. THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE PROFESSIONAL TO MUSIC
EDUCATION
The composer’s point of view, by Federico Ghedini . . 297
The performer’s point of view, by Marsi Paribatra . . . 300
The educator’s point of view, by Bengt Franzen . . . 303
The publisher’s point of view, by Pietro Montani . . . 307
VII. APPENDIXES
A. Report presented by the Rapporteur-general of the Inter-
national Conference on the Role and Place of Music in the
Education of Youth and Adults, by Arnold Walter . . 313
B. Resolutions and recommendations . . . . . 320
C.A proposal to found an International Society for Music
Education, by Charles Seeger . . . . . . . 325
D.L ist of participants . . . . . . . . . 331
INTRODUCTION
The International Conference on the Role and Place of Music in the
Education of Youth and Adults, held in Brussels from 29 June to
9 July 1953, was the result of close collaboration between Unesco,
which was responsible for its organization, and the International Music
Council, which drew up its plan of work. It forms part of an extensive
programme undertaken from 1949 onwards,i n order to determine the
place of the arts in general education and their importance in the for-
mation of personality. For that purpose, Unesco organized in 1951 at
Bristol (U.K.a) s eminar on the teaching of the plastic arts, and helped
the International Theatre Institute to prepare the programme of two
international conferences on the theatre and youth which were held
in Paris in 1951 and at The Hague in 1953. The Brussels Conference
on music education completed this cycle of work dealing with the
teaching of the arts in schools and in the community.
The aim of this conference was to study in their entirety problems
connected with non-specialized music education, the purpose of which
is not to form professional musicians, but to develop the appreciation,
taste and critical judgment of the listener from his earliest youth,s o as
to train him and enable him to appreciate the beauty and wealth of
musical masterpieces.
The conference also set out to define the methods best suited to
school education, adult education, and the training of music teachers.
International exchanges of information, persons and teaching ma-
terial; the activities of national or international governmental insti-
tutions, and the role of music education as a means to international
understanding, were also the subject of special study.
Another very important purpose of the conference was to bring
together for the first time, at least in such large numbers, specialists
in music education, composers, music teachers, students and perfor-
mers ;i n short,r epresentatives of all branches of musical activity,d rawn
from all parts of the world. The conference hoped to provide these
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Music in editcation
different specialists with an opportunity to exchange their ideas on
certain questions and to attempt a comparison of the experience ac-
quired in their respective domains.
The aim of the meeting was twofold: first, to determine the position
of music teaching throughout the world, and secondly, to discover
methods of raising the standard in regions where music education has
not yet been fully developed.
The work of the Brussels Conference was continued at the Inter-
national Congress on the Professional Training of Musicians, which
was held, partly at Bad Aussee and partly at Salzburg,f rom 5 to 25 July
1953. The object of this congress, which took place under the auspices
of Unesco, was to complete the study of music education undertaken
by the Brussels Conference.
In anticipation of the Brussels Conference, the International Music
Council set up a preparatory commission, consisting of Messrs. Ber-
nard Shore (United Kingdom), Arnold Walter (Canada), Marcel
Cuvelier (Belgium), Miss Vanett Lawler (United States), Messrs. Ray-
mond Loucheur (France), Charles Seeger (United States), Reinhold
Schmid (Austria) and Eberhard Preussner (Austria). This commission
met four times between 1951 and 1953 to draw up the programme of
the conference,i ts rules of procedure, the list of the distinguished per-
sons to be invited, and also the list of various specialized international
organizations which were to be asked to send representatives.
The Belgian Government, having been approached by Unesco,
agreed to receive the conference at Brussels and generously offered its
financial assistance.
The number of delegates and representatives of international organ-
izations exceeded the expectations of the organizers; 314 people took
part in the work at Brussels: 84 delegates appointed by 29 Member
States: 189 individual participants coming from these same States as
well as from other countries,2 delegates from 19 non-governmental
organization^,^ 27 music groups coming from Germany, Belgium,
1. Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cuba, Denmark, Dominican Republic, France,
German Federal Republic,I ndia,I ran,I taly, Japan,K orea,L aos, Luxembourg,M exico,
Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Sweden, Switzer-
land, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Yugoslavia.
2. Brazil, Greece,H aiti, Spain,T hailand, Union of South Africa; and certain non-member
States of Unesco, i.e. Chile, Finland, Iceland, Republic of San Marino.
3. International Association of Music Libraries, International Association of University
Professors and Lecturers, International Committee for the Standardization of Instru-
mental Music, International Confederation of Popular Music Societies, International
Council of Women, International Federation for Documentation, International Fede-
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Canada, the United States, France and the United Kingdom,l as well
as the International Orchestra of Musical Youth, specially assembled
for this occasion and consisting of 105 performers from 10 different
countries.
The work of the conference was carried out either in plenary ses-
sions, or at the meetings of three working commissions,e ach of which
had its clearly defined field of study. Detailed information about this
work will be found in the report of the rapporteur-general( page 313).
The evenings were devoted to concerts which were to a certain
extent a practical sequel to the discussions: indeed, in the course of
these demonstrations,w hich were sometimes of a very high standard,
it was possible to illustrate by performance the theories advanced, and
to show the value of certain systems of teaching. Many musical groups
from Europe and America, from the humble choral society of village
schoolchildren to the most accomplished amateur ensemble, bore testi-
mony to the progress achieved in the field of music education.
The conference ended its work with a grand concert honoured by
the presence of H.M.Qu een Elisabeth of Belgium. It was divided into
two parts, the first of which was devoted to the performance of sympho-
nic works by young composers sponsored by Unesco, with the aid of
grants from the International Music Fund. With Franz Andre as con-
ductor,p erformances were given of works by Bernard Schule (Switzer-
land), Gino Marinuzzi, Jr. (Italy), SandorVeress( Hungary), and Antoni
Saalowski (Poland). In the second part, the audience heard the first
world performance of the Canticle to Hope, a symphonic and choral
work composed by Paul Hindemith to a poem by Paul Claudel. This
ration of Musical Youth, International Federation of the Phonographic Industry,
International Folk Music Council, International Music Council, International Publi-
shers Congress, International Society for Contemporary Music, International Theatre
Institute, Joint Committee of International Teachers' Federations, League of Red
Cross Societies, New Education Fellowship, World Federation of United Nations
Associations, World Organization for Early Childhood Education, World Organiza-
tion of the Teaching Profession.
1. A Capella Koor Termuren, Les Armaillis, AthCnCe Royal de MalmCdy, Berliner Mo-
tettenchor, Blundell's School Motet Club, Cantores Bruges, La Chanterie de Bruxelles,
Chorale de l'AmitiC du Peuple: Pbturages, Chorale mixte des Ccoles primaires 9 et 10
de Bruselles, Chorale Universitaire de Louvain, Chorale des Cadets de la Croix-Rouge,
Cleveland Heights School Choir, Columbia University Group, Ecole Provinciale pour
Institutrices de Jodoigne,& ole Normale Emile-Andre,E nsemble Ukrainien de Likge,
Fanfare Paul Gilson, London Girls' Choir, Maitrise de la Radiodiffusion Franpise,
Les Mknestrels, Norddeutscher Singkreis,L es Petits Chanteurs de Koekelberg, Purdue
University Choir, Singgemeinschaft Bergisch Gladbach, State Teachers College,
Temple University Choir.
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