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more information – www.cambridge.org/9781107007321 Music and Protest in 1968 Music was integral to the profound cultural, social and political changesthatswepttheglobein1968.Thiscollectionofessaysoffers new perspectives on the role that music played in the events of that year,whichincludedprotestsagainst theongoingVietnamWar,the May riotsinFranceandtheassassination ofMartinLutherKing, Jr. FromundergroundfolkmusicinJapantoanti-authoritarianmusicin ScandinaviaandGermany,MusicandProtestin1968exploresmusic’s keyroleasameansofsocio-politicaldissentnotjustintheUSandthe UK but in Asia, North and South America, Europe and Africa. Contributorsextendtheunderstandingofmusicalprotestfarbeyond a narrow view of ‘protest song’ to explore how politics and social protestplayedoutinmanygenres,includingexperimentalandavant- gardemusic,freejazz,rock,popularsongandfilmandtheatremusic. beate kutschke is Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin at the UniversitätLeipzig.Herresearchfocusesonmusicandprotestaround the year 1968 and she has published a monograph, a volume of collectedpapersandnumerousarticlesonthistopic.Sheisaninterna- tionallyactiveresearcher,whohaspresentedpapersaroundtheworld inGerman,EnglishandFrench.ShehastaughtinEurope,theUnited States (Harvard University) and Asia (University of Hong Kong). A recipientofvariousscholarshipsincludingathree-yearresearchgrant bytheGermanResearchFoundation,sheiscurrentlywritingathird monograph.HerinterestsrangefromBaroquemusicandmusicafter 1945tomusicandaesthetics,musicandpolitics,andmusicandethics. barley norton is a senior lecturer in ethnomusicology at Goldsmiths,UniversityofLondon.Hehascarriedoutextensivefield researchinVietnamandothercountriesinSoutheastAsia,andisthe author of Songs for the Spirits: Music and Mediums in Modern Vietnam(2009).AspartofaGetty-fundedresearchprojectonexper- imental music performance in Vietnam, he made the ethnographic filmHanoiEclipse:TheMusicofDaiLamLinh(2010),whichhasbeen screenedatnumerousinternationalfilmfestivals. Music Since 1900 general editor ArnoldWhittall Thisseries–formerlyMusicintheTwentiethCentury–offersawideperspectiveon musicandmusicallifesincetheendofthenineteenthcentury.Booksincluded rangefromhistoricalandbiographicalstudiesconcentratingparticularlyonthe contextandcircumstancesinwhichcomposerswerewriting,toanalyticaland criticalstudiesconcernedwiththenatureofmusicallanguageandquestionsof compositionalprocess.Theimportancegiventocontextwillalsobereflectedin studiesdealingwith,forexample,thepatronage,publishingandpromotionofnew music,andinaccountsofthemusicallifeofparticularcountries. Titlesintheseries JonathanCross TheStravinskyLegacy MichaelNyman ExperimentalMusic:CageandBeyond JenniferDoctor TheBBCandUltra-ModernMusic,1922–1936 RobertAdlington TheMusicofHarrisonBirtwistle KeithPotter FourMusicalMinimalists:LaMonteYoung,TerryRiley,SteveReich,PhilipGlass CarloCaballero FauréandFrenchMusicalAesthetics PeterBurt TheMusicofToruTakemitsu DavidClarke TheMusicandThoughtofMichaelTippett:ModernTimesandMetaphysics M.J.Grant SerialMusic,SerialAesthetics:CompositionalTheoryinPost-WarEurope PhilipRupprecht Britten’sMusicalLanguage MarkCarroll MusicandIdeologyinColdWarEurope AdrianThomas PolishMusicsinceSzymanowski J.P.E.Harper-Scott EdwardElgar,Modernist YayoiUnoEverett TheMusicofLouisAndriessen EthanHaimo Schoenberg’sTransformationofMusicalLanguage RachelBecklesWillson Ligeti,Kurtág,andHungarianMusicduringtheColdWar MichaelCherlin Schoenberg’sMusicalImagination JosephN.Straus Twelve-ToneMusicinAmerica DavidMetzer MusicalModernismattheTurnoftheTwenty-FirstCentury EdwardCampbell Boulez,MusicandPhilosophy JonathanGoldman TheMusicalLanguageofPierreBoulez:WritingsandCompositions PieterC.vandenToornandJohnMcGinness StravinskyandtheRussianPeriod:SoundandLegacyofaMusicalIdiom HeatherWiebe Britten’sUnquietPasts:SoundandMemoryinPostwarReconstruction BeateKutschkeandBarleyNorton MusicandProtestin1968 Music and Protest in 1968 beate kutschke and Editedby barley norton cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,SãoPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107007321 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2013 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2013 PrintedandboundintheUnitedKingdombyMPGBooksGroup AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Musicandprotestin1968/editedbyBeateKutschkeandBarleyNorton. p. cm.–(Musicsince1900) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-00732-1 1. Popularmusic–Socialaspects–History–20thcentury. 2. Popularmusic–Politicalaspects– History–20thcentury. 3. Popularmusic–1961–1970–Historyandcriticism. 4. Protestsongs– 20thcentury–Historyandcriticism. 5. Nineteensixty-eight,A.D. I. Kutschke, Beate. II. Norton,Barley. ML3918.P67M82 2013 780.9004–dc23 2012028037 ISBN978-1-107-00732-1Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Contents Listoffigures [pageix] Notesoncontributors [x] Acknowledgements [xiv] Inlieuofanintroduction [1] beate kutschke 1 Expressiverevolutions:‘1968’andmusicinthe Netherlands [12] robert adlington 2 Musicaspleaforpoliticalaction:thepresenceofmusicians inItalianprotestmovementsaround1968 [29] gianmario borio 3 “ThisIsMyCountry”:Americanpopularmusicandpolitical engagementin‘1968’ [46] sarah hill 4 SpontaneityandBlackConsciousness:SouthAfricans imaginingmusicalandpoliticalfreedomin1960s Europe [64] carol muller 5 MusicandprotestinJapan:theriseofundergroundfolksong in‘1968’ [81] toˆru mitsui 6 Vietnamesepopularsongin‘1968’:war,protestand sentimentalism [97] barley norton 7 “ThereIsNoRevolutionWithoutSong”:‘newsong’inLatin America [119] jan fairley 8 “ThePowerofMusic”:anti-authoritarianmusicmovements inScandinaviain‘1968’ [137] alf bjo¨rnberg vii viii Contents 9 Britishrock:theshort‘1968’,andthelong [154] allan f. moore 10 ‘1968’andtheexperimentalrevolutioninBritain [171] virginia anderson 11 Anti-authoritarianrevoltbymusicalmeansonbothsidesof theBerlinWall [188] beate kutschke 12 ‘1968’–theemergenceofaprotestcultureinthepopular musicoftheEasternBloc? [205] ru¨diger ritter 13 Gendering‘1968’:womanhoodinmodelworksofthe People’sRepublicofChinaandmoviemusicalsofHong Kong [222] hon-lun yang 14 Arevolutioninsheep’swoolstockings:earlymusicand ‘1968’ [237] kailan r. rubinoff 15 MusicandMay1968inFrance:practices,roles, representations [255] eric drott Bibliography [273] Discography [300] Index [304]