Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, 2-Volume Set PDF
Preview Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, 2-Volume Set
Murray & Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory Medicine SEVENTH EDITION Editor-in-Chief Lynn M. Schnapp, MD V. Courtney Broaddus, MD George R. and Elaine Love Professor Chair, Department of Medicine Professor Emeritus of Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of California San Francisco University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Madison, Wisconsin Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital San Francisco, California Renee D. Stapleton, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Editors University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine Joel D. Ernst, MD Burlington, Vermont Professor of Medicine Chief, Division of Experimental Medicine University of California San Francisco School of Medicine Thoracic Imaging Editor San Francisco, California Michael B. Gotway, MD Talmadge E. King Jr, MD Professor of Radiology Department of Diagnostic Imaging Dean, UCSF School of Medicine Mayo Clinic Vice Chancellor for Medical Affairs Scottsdale, Arizona; University of California San Francisco Clinical Associate Professor San Francisco, California Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Biomedical Stephen C. Lazarus, MD, FCCP, FERS Imaging, and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Professor of Medicine University of California San Francisco Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine San Francisco, California; Senior Investigator, Cardiovascular Research Institute Clinical Professor University of California San Francisco University of Arizona College of Medicine San Francisco, California Phoenix, Arizona; Adjunct Professor Kathleen F. Sarmiento, MD, MPH Department of Biomedical Informatics Associate Professor of Medicine Arizona State University Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Tempe, Arizona University of California San Francisco; San Francisco VA Healthcare System San Francisco, California Elsevier 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1600 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 MURRAY & NADEL’S TEXTBOOK OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE, ED 7 ISBN: 978-0-323-65587-3 Copyright © 2022 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notice Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contrib utors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted © 2016, 2010, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Cover images courtesy Michael B. Gotway, MD (images 1 and 4), and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Alissa Eckert, MSMI; Dan Higgins, MAMS (image 2); https://phil.cdc.gov/Details.aspx?pid=23311. Executive Content Strategist: Robin Carter Senior Content Development Specialist: Jennifer Shreiner Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Senior Project Manager/Specialist: Carrie Stetz Design Direction: Brian Salisbury Printed in Canada Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 We dedicate this Textbook to Dr. John F. Murray. In 1988, Dr. Murray, together with Dr. Jay A. Nadel, published the first edition of this Textbook. Motivated by his love of teaching, he aimed to create a comprehensive, clear, authoritative, thoroughly annotated compendium of respiratory medicine, always integrated with scientific principles. Over the subsequent years and six more editions, he inspired us to continue his work and to maintain his high standards. Of all his contributions to respiratory medicine, he was perhaps most proud of the Textbook. John F. Murray, MD (1927-2020) Dedication To my husband, Chuck, who has been the bedrock. For my parents, to whom I owe all I have, and to my To the rest of our wonderful family, Chris and Clay, Mary loving wife and daughter, Mary Pat and Allison, for all the support and inspiration they provide. and Lydia, and the grandboys Charlie and Rory. Michael B. Gotway, MD To my mentors, colleagues and fellow editors for their inspiration and support of my career and of this project. V. Courtney Broaddus, MD To Vicki, Kristina, and Genevieve, who make everything To my wife, Mozelle D. King worthwhile. To my children, Consuelo King and Malaika King Kattke Joel Ernst, MD To my grandchildren, Madison and Siena Kattke To the memories of my mother and father, Almetta and Talmadge King Talmadge E. King Jr, MD Dedication vii To my wife, Gail, who makes everything possible, and In loving memory of my parents, who were better; to my daughter, Hillary, and her husband, an unwavering source of support and encouragement Andrew, who continue to ask about what I do, and for everything that I did. They may not have encourage it; to my grandchildren Lola and Axel, who understood why I ran, but they were always at the finish give me hope for the future and joy in the present; and line to cheer me on. to the many colleagues, students, and trainees, who Lynn M. Schnapp, MD made my first 49 years at UCSF so enjoyable. Stephen C. Lazarus, MD, FCCP, FERS To my parents, Barbara and Barry Brennan, who taught To my husband Jonathan; our children Walker, by example the value of hard work, perseverance, Emmerson, and Orion; my parents Myrna and Ted; and compassion. and my mentors, colleagues, patients, and trainees for a Kathleen F. Sarmiento, MD, MPH lifetime of pushing me to learn, grow, and change. Renee D. Stapleton, MD, PhD Contributors Lewis Adams, PhD Christopher I. Amos, PhD Professor of Physiology Professor of Medicine School of Allied Health Sciences Director, Institute for Clinical and Translational Griffith University Research Medicine Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia Associate Director of Quantitative Science Chapter 36: Dyspnea Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine Rosemary Adamson, MB, BS Houston, Texas Associate Professor of Medicine Chapter 74: Lung Cancer: Epidemiology Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Douglas A. Arenberg, MD, FACCP Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System Professor of Medicine Seattle, Washington Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Chapter 23: Ultrasonography: Principles and Basic University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, Michigan Thoracic and Vascular Imaging Chapter 79: Metastatic Malignant Tumors Dan E. Adler, MD Chapter 80: Benign Lung Tumors Professor of Pulmonary Medicine A. Christine Argento, MD, FCCP Division of Pneumology University Hospital of Geneva Assistant Professor of Medicine Geneva, Switzerland Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chapter 136: Noninvasive Support of Ventilation Chicago, Illinois; Professor of Medicine Evangelia Akoumianaki, MD, PhD Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Consultant Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Intensive Care Unit Baltimore, Maryland University Hospital of Heraklion Chapter 27: Diagnostic Bronchoscopy: Advanced Heraklion, Crete, Greece Techniques (EBUS and Navigational) Chapter 136: Noninvasive Support of Ventilation Shaikh M. Atif, PhD Tyler J. Albert, MD Instructor of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Clinical Immunology Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Division of General Internal Medicine Aurora, Colorado University of Washington School of Medicine Chapter 16: Adaptive Immunity Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle, Washington Najib T. Ayas, MD, MPH Chapter 12: Acid- Base Balance Associate Professor of Medicine University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine Kurt H. Albertine, PhD, FAAAS, FAAA Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Edward B. Clark Endowed Chair IV in Pediatrics Chapter 11: Respiratory System Mechanics and Energetics Adjunct Professor of Medicine and Neurobiology and Anatomy Jennifer M. Babik, MD, PhD University of Utah School of Medicine Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine Editor- in- Chief, The Anatomical Record Division of Infectious Diseases Salt Lake City, Utah University of California San Francisco School of Medicine Chapter 1: Anatomy San Francisco, California Chapter 46a: COVID- 19 Barbara D. Alexander, MD, MHS Professor of Medicine and Pathology Jessica B. Badlam, MD Division of Infectious Diseases Assistant Professor of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine Durham, North Carolina University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine Chapter 57: Fungal Infections: Opportunistic Burlington, Vermont viii Chapter 39: Wheezing and Stridor Contributors ix John Randolph Balmes, MD Joshua O. Benditt, MD Professor of Medicine Professor of Medicine Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of California San Francisco University of Washington School of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Director, Respiratory Care Services Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital University of Washington Medical Center San Francisco, California; Seattle, Washington Professor of Environmental Health Sciences Chapter 130: The Respiratory System and Neuromuscu- University of California Berkeley School of Public Health lar Diseases Berkeley, California Chapter 102: Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution Neal L. Benowitz, MD Emeritus Professor of Medicine Niaz Banaei, MD University of California San Francisco; Professor Attending Physician Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Infectious Departments of Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Diseases) Program in Clinical Pharmacology Stanford University School of Medicine Division of Cardiology Stanford, California; Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital Medical Director, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory San Francisco, California Stanford University Medical Center Chapter 65: Smoking Hazards: Cigarettes, Vaping, Marijuana Palo Alto, California Chapter 19: Microbiologic Diagnosis of Lung Infection Nirav R. Bhakta, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine Christopher F. Barnett, MD, MPH Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Program Medicine Director, Medical Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit Director of Education and Associate Director, Adult Pulmo- Department of Cardiology nary Function Laboratory Medstar Washington Hospital Center University of California San Francisco Washington, DC San Francisco, California Chapter 24: Ultrasonography: Advanced Applications and Chapter 31: Pulmonary Function Testing: Physiologic Procedures and Technical Principles Chapter 85: Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Lung Chapter 32: Pulmonary Function Testing: Interpretation Disease: Group 3 and Applications Chapter 60: Asthma: Pathogenesis and Phenotypes Sonja D. Bartolome, MD Professor of Medicine Rahul Bhatnagar, MBChB, PhD Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Honorary Lecturer University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Academic Respiratory Unit Dallas, Texas University of Bristol Chapter 84: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Bristol, United Kingdom Group 1 Chapter 112: Pleural Fibrosis and Unexpandable Lung Robert P. Baughman, MD Surya P. Bhatt, MD, MSPH Professor of Medicine Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Medical Director, Pulmonary Function and Exercise Cincinnati, Ohio Physiology Laboratory Chapter 93: Sarcoidosis University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama Michael F. Beers, MD Chapter 32: Pulmonary Function Testing: Interpretation Robert L. Mayock and David A. Cooper Professor of and Applications Medicine Department of Medicine Anna C. Bibby, MBChB, BSC, MRCP Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Academic Respiratory Unit Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Translational Health Sciences Pennsylvania University of Bristol Medical School; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Respiratory Department Chapter 3: Alveolar Compartment North Bristol NHS Trust Bristol, United Kingdom Chapter 109: Pleural Infections x Contributors Alexandra Binnie, MD, DPhil, FRCP(C) Steven L. Brody, MD Invited Assistant Professor Dorothy R. and Hubert C. Moog Professor of Pulmonary University of Algarve Medicine Faro, Portugal; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis Critical Care Physician St. Louis, Missouri William Osler Health System Chapter 4: Airway Biology Toronto, Canada Chapter 134: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Kevin K. Brown, MD Professor and Chair Paul D. Blanc, MD, MSPH Department of Medicine Professor of Medicine National Jewish Health Endowed Chair in Occupational and Environmental Denver, Colorado; Medicine Professor of Medicine University of California San Francisco Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine Chief, Division of Occupational and Environmental University of Colorado School of Medicine Medicine Aurora, Colorado UCSF Medical Center Chapter 87: Pulmonary Vasculitis San Francisco, California Chapter 103: Acute Responses to Toxic Exposures Paul G. Brunetta, MD Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine Zea Borok, MB, ChB Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Professor of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular University of California San Francisco; Medicine Fontana Tobacco Treatment Center Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Mt. Zion Medical Center Keck School of Medicine San Francisco, California University of Southern California Chapter 66: Smoking Cessation Los Angeles, California Chapter 3: Alveolar Compartment Jacques Cadranel, MD, PhD Professor of Respiratory Medicine T. Douglas Bradley, MD, FRCPC Service de Pneumologie Professor of Medicine Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Director, Division of Respirology Paris, France Centre for Sleep Medicine and Circadian Biology Chapter 78: Rare Primary Lung Tumors University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Director, Sleep Medicine Laboratory Shamus R. Carr, MD University Health Network Associate Research Physician Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Thoracic Surgery Branch Toronto General Hospital Center for Cancer Research Toronto, Ontario, Canada National Cancer Institute Chapter 121: Central Sleep Apnea Bethesda, Maryland Chapter 30: Thoracic Surgery V. Courtney Broaddus, MD Professor Emeritus of Medicine Tara F. Carr, MD University of California San Francisco Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine College of Medicine, Tucson Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center San Francisco, California University of Arizona Health Sciences Chapter 14: Pleural Physiology and Pathophysiology Tucson, Arizona Chapter 44: Hypoxemia Chapter 62: Asthma: Diagnosis and Management Chapter 108: Pleural Effusion Adithya Cattamanchi, MD, MAS Laurent J. Brochard, MD Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology Interdepartmental Division Director for Critical Care Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine University of California San Francisco Center for Full Professor and Clinician Scientist Tuberculosis Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco School of Medicine Division of Critical Care San Francisco, California Saint Michael’s Hospital Chapter 53: Tuberculosis: Clinical Manifestations and Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science Diagnosis Toronto, Ontario, Canada Chapter 136: Noninvasive Support of Ventilation Contributors xi Lara Chalabreysse, MD Michael H. Cho, MD, MPH Département de Pathologie Associate Professor of Medicine Groupement Hospitalier Est Hospices Civils de Lyon Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Lyon, France Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Chapter 78: Rare Primary Lung Tumors Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Edward D. Chan, MD Boston, Massachusetts Professor of Medicine Chapter 9: Genetics of Lung Disease University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Chapter 63: COPD: Pathogenesis and Natural History Staff Physician Department of Medicine David C. Christiani, MD Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center Professor of Medicine Aurora, Colorado; Harvard Medical School Staff Physician Elkan Blout Professor of Environmental Genetics Department of Academic Affairs Department of Environmental Health National Jewish Health Harvard School of Public Health; Denver, Colorado Physician Chapter 69: Bronchiectasis Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Massachusetts General Hospital Ken K.P. Chan, MBChB, MRCP (UK), FHKCP, FHKAM Boston, Massachusetts Clinical Assistant Professor (Honorary) Chapter 74: Lung Cancer: Epidemiology Department of Medicine & Therapeutics Chinese University of Hong Kong; Kian Fan Chung, MD, DSc, FRCP Associate Consultant Professor of Respiratory Medicine Department of Medicine & Therapeutics Head of Experimental Studies Prince of Wales Hospital National Heart & Lung Institute Hong Kong Imperial College London; Chapter 111: Chylothorax Consultant Physician Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust Jean Chastre, MD London, United Kingdom Professor Chapter 37: Cough Service de Réanimation Médicale Institut de Cardiologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié- Salpêtrière Amelia O. Clive, MBBS, PhD Paris, France Consultant in Thoracic Medicine Chapter 49: Ventilator- Associated Pneumonia North Bristol Lung Centre Southmead Hospital Guang- Shing Cheng, MD Bristol, United Kingdom Associate Professor, Clinical Research Division Chapter 112: Pleural Fibrosis and Unexpandable Lung Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Associate Professor of Medicine Robert A. Cohen, MD Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Professor of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Seattle, Washington Clinical Professor of Environmental and Occupational Chapter 115: Mediastinal Tumors and Cysts Health Sciences Chapter 125: Pulmonary Complications of Stem Cell and University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health Solid Organ Transplantation Chicago, Illinois Chapter 101: Pneumoconioses Kelly M. Chin, MD, MSCS Associate Professor of Medicine Thomas V. Colby, MD Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Professor Emeritus Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Program Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Mayo Clinic Alix College of Medicine Dallas, Texas Scottsdale, Arizona Chapter 84: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Group 1 Chapter 89: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
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