Murder in Mérida, 1792 Diálogos Series kris lane, series editor Understanding Latin America demands dialogue, deep exploration, and frank dis- cussion of key topics. Founded by Lyman L. Johnson in 1992 and edited since 2013 by Kris Lane, the Diálogos Series focuses on innovative scholarship in Latin American history and related fields. The series, the most successful of its type, includes special- ist works accessible to a wide readership and a variety of thematic titles, all ideally suited for classroom adoption by university and college teachers. Also available in the Diálogos Series: Nuns Navigating the Spanish Empire by Sarah E. Owens Sons of the Mexican Revolution: Miguel Alemán and His Generation by Ryan M. Alexander The Pursuit of Ruins: Archaeology, History, and the Making of Modern Mexico by Christina Bueno Creating Charismatic Bonds in Argentina: Letters to Juan and Eva Perón by Donna J. Guy Gendered Crossings: Women and Migration in the Spanish Empire by Allyson M. Poska From Shipmates to Soldiers: Emerging Black Identities in the Río de la Plata by Alex Borucki Women Drug Traffickers: Mules, Bosses, and Organized Crime by Elaine Carey Searching for Madre Matiana: Prophecy and Popular Culture in Modern Mexico by Edward Wright-Rios Africans into Creoles: Slavery, Ethnicity, and Identity in Colonial Costa Rica by Russell Lohse Native Brazil: Beyond the Convert and the Cannibal, 1500–1900 edited by Hal Langfur For additional titles in the Diálogos Series, please visit unmpress.com. Murder in Mérida, 1792 Violence, Factions, and the Law . Mark W. Lentz University of New Mexico Press \ Albuquerque © 2018 by the University of New Mexico Press All rights reserved. Published 2018 Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-8263-5960-5 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-8263-5961-2 (paper) ISBN 978-0-8263-5962-9 (electronic) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file with the Library of Congress. Cover illustration by Felicia Cedillos based off of artist rendering(cid:1) Cover by Felicia Cedillos To Aunt Kathleen, a constant supporter of education and good writing Contents . List of Illustrations ix Prologue xi Acknowledgments xv Chapter 1 Introduction A Province at Risk 1 Chapter 2 The Intendant’s Enemies Chronicle of an Assassination Foretold 17 Chapter 3 The Suspects of 1792 Prosecuting the Powerless 35 vii viii contents Chapter 4 Neither Free nor Family Criados and Slaves in Spanish Households 61 Chapter 5 Into the Countryside Outsiders, Intermediaries, and the Maya World 95 Chapter 6 A Stratified Cah, United by Language Cabildos, Church Auxiliaries, and Indios Hidalgos 129 Chapter 7 Divided at the Top Politics of the Personal 145 Chapter 8 A Strange Turn of Events 183 Conclusion 207 Glossary 219 Notes 221 Bibliography 289 Index 305 Illustrations . Figure 1 Artist’s rendering of the murder weapon sketched from the original xiii Figure 2 “Map of the Bay of Honduras shewing the situation of the Spanish town and fort of St. Fernando de Omoa . . . ,” 1779 5 Figure 3 An eye draft of Logger-head Cay near to Cape Catoche . . . , 1760 6 Figure 4 Full view of La Cruz de Gálvez, monument in between Calles 26 and 28, intersecting with Calle 65, Jardines de Miraflores, Mérida 19 Figure 5 Caption of La Cruz de Gálvez 20 Figure 6 Intersection marker of La Cruz de Gálvez 21 Figure 7 Caption of intersection marker of La Cruz de Gálvez 22 Figure 8 Second artist’s rendering of the murder weapon sketched from the original 189 Figure 9 Hacienda Wallis’s main building, now a neighborhood community center in Mérida 211 ix