Multiwavelength Mapping of Galaxy Formation and Evolution: Proceedings of the ESO Workshop Held at Venice, Italy, 13-16 October 2003

512 Pages·2005·35.681 MB·English

by  P. Madau (auth.), Alvio Renzini, Ralf Bender (eds.)

ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA
European Southern Observatory
Series Editor: Bruno Leibundgut
Alvio Renzini Ralf Bender (Eds.)
Multiwavelength Mapping
of Galaxy Formation
and Evolution
Proceedings
of the ESO Workshop
Held atVenice, Italy, 13-16 October 2003
Volume Editors
Alvio Renzini
European Southern Observatory
Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2
85748 Garching, Germany
Ralf Bender
Universitäts-Sternwarte
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Scheinerstr. 1
81679 München, Germany
and
Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik
Giessenbachstr.
85741 Garching, Germany
Series Editor
Bruno Leibundgut
European Southern Observatory
Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2
85748 Garching, Germany
ISBN 10 3-540-25665-2 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
ISBN 13 978-3-540-25665-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2005925391
This work is subject to copyright.All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is con-
cerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, repro-
duction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts
thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its
current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag.Violations are liable
to prosecution under German Copyright Law.
Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media
springeronline.com
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005
Printed in Germany
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply,
even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and
regulations and therefore free for general use.
Typesetting: Camera-ready by the authors/editors
Final processing by PTP-Berlin Protago-TEX-Production GmbH, Germany
Cover-Design: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg
Printed on acid-free paper 55/3141/Yu – 5 4 3 2 1 0
ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA
European Southern Observatory
Series Editor: Bruno Leibundgut
D. L. Clements, I. P érez-Fournon (Eds.), S. Cristiani,A. Renzini, R. E.Williams (Eds.),
Quasar Hosts Deep Fields
Proceedings, 1996. XVII, 336 pages. 1997. Proceedings, 2000. XXVI, 379 pages. 2001.
L. N. da Costa,A. Renzini (Eds.), J. F.Alves, M. J. McCaughrean (Eds.),
Galaxy Scaling Relations: Origins, The Origins of Stars and Planets:
Evolution and Applications The VLT View
Proceedings, 1996. XX, 404 pages. 1997. Proceedings, 2001. XXVII, 515 pages. 2002.
L. Kaper,A.W. Fullerton (Eds.), J. Bergeron, G. Monnet (Eds.),
Cyclical Variability in Stellar Winds Scientific Drivers tor ESO Future
Proceedings, 1997. XXII, 415 pages. 1998. VLT/NLTI Instrumentation
Proceedings, 2001. XVII, 356 pages. 2002.
R. Morganti,W. J. Couch (Eds.),
Looking Deep in the Southern Sky M. Gilfanov, R. Sunyaev, E. Churazov (Eds.),
Proceedings, 1997. XXIII, 336 pages. 1999. Lighthouses of the Universe:
The Most Luminous Celestial Objects
J. R.Walsh, M. R. Rosa (Eds.), and Their Use for Cosmology
Chemical Evolution from Zero Proceedings, 2001. XIV, 618 pages. 2002.
to High Redshift
R. Bender,A. Renzini (Eds.),The Mass
Proceedings, 1998. XVIII, 312 pages. 1999.
of Galaxies at Low and High Redshift
J. Bergeron,A. Renzini (Eds.), Proceedings, 2001. XXII, 363 pages. 2003.
From Extrasolar Planets to Cosmology:
W. Hillebrandt, B. Leibundgut (Eds.),
The VLT Opening Symposium
From Twilight to Highlight:
Proceedings, 1999. XXVIII, 575 pages. 2000.
The Physics of Supernovae
A.Weiss, T. G.Abel,V. Hill (Eds.), Proceedings, 2002. XVII, 414 pages. 2003.
The First Stars
P.A. Shaver, L. DiLella,A. Giménez (Eds.),
Proceedings, 1999. XIII, 355 pages. 2000.
Astronomy, Cosmology
A. Fitzsimmons, D. Jewitt, R. M.West (Eds.), and Fundamental Physics
Minor Bodies in the Outer Solar System Proceedings, 2002. XXI, 5o1 pages. 2003.
Proceedings, 1998. XV, 192 pages. 2000. M. Kissler-Patig (Ed.),
L. Kaper, E. P. J. van den Heuvel, P.A.Woudt Extragalactic Globular Cluster Systems
(Eds.), Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Proceedings, 2002. XVI, 356 pages. 2003.
Nuclei: Diagnostics, Demography P.J. Quinn, K.M. Górski (Eds.),
and Formation Toward an International Virtual Observatory
Proceedings, 1999. XXIII, 378 pages. 2001. Proceedings, 2002. XXII, 341 pages. 2004.
G. Setti, J.-P. Swings (Eds.), Quasars, AGNs W. Brandner, M. Kasper (Eds.),
and Related Research Across 2000 Science with Adaptive Optics
Proceedings, 2000. XVII, 220 pages. 2001. Proceedings, 2003. XX, 387 pages. 2005.
A. J. Banday, S. Zaroubi, M. Bartelmann (Eds.), A. Merloni, S. Nayakshin, R.A. Sunyaev (Eds.)
Mining the Sky Growing Black Holes:Accretion
Proceedings, 2000. XV 705 pages. 2001. in a Cosmological Context
Proceedings 2004. XIV, 506 pages. 2005
E. Costa, F. Frontera, J. Hjorth (Eds.),
Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era A. Renzini, R. Bender (Eds.)
Proceedings, 2000. XIX, 459 pages. 2001. Multiwavelength Mapping of Galaxy
Formation and Evolution
Proceedings 2003. XXV, 487 pages. 2005
Preface
There are times in astronomy when new ideas and paradigms appear on the
scene, and theory blooms and expands far beyond the reach of observations.
There are other times when the opposite situation arises, and the sudden avail-
ability of new observational capacities reveals unanticipated aspects of nature.
Inthecaseofgalaxyformationandevolutioninacosmologicalcontext,the’80s
and early 90’s were years clearly dominated by the theoretical developments,
withsimulationspredictingfarmorethancouldbeobservationallytestedatthe
time. However, starting in the mid ’90’s a new trend has progressively reversed
this situation, to the extent that we now witness a dramatic, unprecedented
expansion of observational studies in this field.
There is no doubt that this is due to the coming into play of major new
observational facilities: First HST, then the 8–10m class telescopes associated
withtremendousprogressinefficiencyandmultiplexingoftheirinstrumentation,
then a series of other space observatories such as Chandra and XMM-Newton,
Spitzer,Galex,... Now,togetherwithradioandsub-mmfacilitieswehaveaccess
tovirtuallythewholeelectromagneticspectrumofgalaxies,allthewayfromthe
local to the highest redshift universe. And we are just at the beginning.
To check at which stage is the mapping of galaxy formation and evolution
throughcosmictimes,fromOctober13to16,2003over170astronomersfrom15
countriesmetfora4-dayworkshophostedbytheVeniceInternationalUniversity
(VIU). All major ongoing efforts were extensively illustrated and discussed at
the meeting, including those just about to start and which promise quantum
jumpsinareaandspectralcoverage,depth,angularresolution,etc.,thusmaking
possible really unprecedented cosmological explorations.
While the meeting was primarily designed to overview the various observa-
tional projects, ongoing theoretical efforts to model galaxy formation and evo-
lution were also presented at the meeting. It is no surprise that it is now harder
forsuchmodelstomatchtheplethoraofdatathatareprovidedbyobservations,
comparedtotenorsoyearsago,whenverylittlewasknownabouthighredshift
galaxies,justalittlebeyondourlocaluniverse.Yet,understandingwillofcourse
emerge from the interplay of the empirical mapping of galaxy populations with
those provided by theoretical simulations, with the general appreciation of the
complexity of the baryonic physical processes one is trying to reproduce.
These massive observational efforts are inevitably changing our ways of do-
ingastronomy. Multiwavelength, multi-facility coordinated projectsare growing
VI
to sizes directly involving dozens of astronomers just for the data taking and
processing. In several instances data soon are becoming public worldwide, then
attracting more and more scientists in their scientific exploitation. But this is
by no means a linear, one way process. Indeed, others feel overwhelmed by the
difficulty of just keeping track of the pace with which data become available,
or wonder whether it is worth investing time in a project while somewhere else
quite the same project may already have been completed. We are at the brink
of a sociological change in astronomy. The meeting has ostensibly shown that
large new groups and collaborations have emerged that involve unprecedented
numbers of astronomers. At the same time, others feel disaffected with such gi-
gantism, and prefer finding a niche they can fully control and continue to work
insmaller,human-sizegroups.Allthis,forthegoodandthebad,withcoexisting
elation and frustration, is at this stage unavoidable. We have constructed the
machines, and we are bound to exploit them thoroughly, as mapping the whole
cosmic evolution is now within reach.
Thevenueofthemeetingwasinstrumentalinfacilitatingdiscussionsandin-
teractionamongtheparticipants.TheVIUissingularlylocatedontheS.Servolo
IslandintheVenetianLagoon,offeringaspecialviewofVeniceitself.Substantial
time was indeed devoted to discussions at the end of each session, and discus-
sions continued during breaks taking advantage of the isolated environment, as
wellasduringthemorningandeveningboattripstoandfromtheisland.Sunny
weather beautifully cooperated to the success of the meeting, along with the
excellent Venetian dishes catered to the island at lunch time.
TheworkshopwasorganizedjointlybytheEuropeanSouthernObservatory,
the Max-Planck-Institut fu¨r Extraterrestrische Physik, and the Observatory of
the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨t.
The Scientific Organizing Committee included R. Bender (Co-Chair), A.
Cimatti, M. Colless, M. Dickinson, S. Guilloteau, G. Hasinger, D. Koo, O.
LeFevre, M. Pettini, A. Renzini (Co-Chair) and I. Smail.
The Local Organizing Committe included P. Bristow, G. Hubert, C. Maras-
ton, D. Pierini, M. Salvato, C. Stoffer, and S. Teupke, whowe warmly thank for
their smooth and efficient organization, before, during and after the meeting.
Finally, we would like to thank F. Nisii and the staff of the Venice Interna-
tional University for their most helpful cooperation.
Munich, Garching, R. Bender
December 2004 A. Renzini
Contents
The Dawn of Galaxies
P. Madau ......................................................... 1
The Cosmic Infrared Background (CIRB)
and the Role of the “Local Environment of Galaxies”
in the Origin of Present-Day Stars
D. Elbaz, D. Marcillac, E. Moy ...................................... 12
High Redshift Lyman Break Galaxies
M.D. Lehnert, M.N. Bremer......................................... 18
Subaru Surveys for High-z Galaxies
Y. Taniguchi ...................................................... 26
The First 1−2 Gyrs of Galaxy Formation:
Dropout Galaxies from z ∼ 3−6
G. Illingworth, R. Bouwens ......................................... 32
The Phoenix Deep Survey: Evolution of Star Forming Galaxies
A.M. Hopkins, J. Afonso, A. Georgakakis, M. Sullivan, B. Mobasher,
L.E. Cram ........................................................ 38
A Study of Distant Lyα Emitters in Overdense Regions
B.P. Venemans, H.J.A. Ro¨ttgering, G.K. Miley........................ 44
Clustering and Proto-Clusters in the Early Universe
H. R¨ottgering, C. De Breuck, E. Daddi, J. Kurk, G. Miley, L. Pentericci,
R. Overzier, B. Venemans .......................................... 50
Fact: Many SCUBA Galaxies Harbour AGNs
D.M. Alexander, F.E. Bauer, S.C. Chapman, I. Smail, A.W. Blain,
W.N. Brandt, R.J. Ivison ........................................... 58
Evolution of X-Ray Selected AGN
G. Hasinger....................................................... 68
Obscuration and Circumnuclear Medium
in Nearby and Distant AGN
R. Maiolino ....................................................... 76
VIII Contents
Multiwavelength Observations
of the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field
K.Sekiguchi,M.Akiyama,H.Furusawa,C.Simpson,T.Takata,Y.Ueda,
M.W. Watson, and the SXDS Team.................................. 82
Probing the High Redshift Universe
with Extreme X-Ray / Optical Sources (EXOs)
A.M.Koekemoer,D.M.Alexander,F.E.Bauer,J.Bergeron,W.N.Brandt,
E. Chatzichristou, S. Cristiani, S.M. Fall, N. Grogin, M. Livio,
V. Mainieri, L. Moustakas, P. Rosati, E.J. Schreier, C.M. Urry ......... 88
Clustering of Submillimetre-Selected Galaxies
A.W. Blain, S.C. Chapman, I. Smail, R. Ivison........................ 94
Star Formation and AGN in the Early Universe:
Quasars in the MAMBO Deep Field Survey
F. Bertoldi, C.L. Carilli, H. Voss, F. Owen, D. Lutz, H. Dannerbauer,
K.M. Menten, M.A. Holdaway....................................... 100
The CDF-S Viewed with SIMBA
T. Wiklind, S. Bergstro¨m, G. Rydbeck, F. Barrientos, D. de Mello,
L. Infante, K.I. Kellerman, C. Norman, P. Rosati ..................... 106
Submillimeter Galaxies as Tracers of Mass Assembly at Large M
R. Genzel, A.J. Baker, R.J. Ivison, F. Bertoldi, A.W. Blain,
S.C. Chapman, P. Cox, R.I. Davies, F. Eisenhauer, D.T. Frayer,
T. Greve, M.D. Lehnert, D. Lutz, N. Nesvadba, R. Neri, A. Omont,
S. Seitz, I. Smail, L.J. Tacconi, M. Tecza, N.A. Thatte, R. Bender....... 112
ASpectroscopicSurveyoftheSubmillimeterGalaxyPopulation:
85 Redshifts Using Keck/LRIS-B
Scott C. Chapman, Andrew Blain, Rob Ivison, Ian Smail ............... 119
Extremely Red Galaxies: Dust Attenuation and Classification
D. Pierini, C. Maraston, R. Bender, A.N. Witt........................ 125
Modeling the Multi-Wavelength Universe:
The Assembly of Massive Galaxies
R.S. Somerville.................................................... 131
The Size Evolution of High-Redshift Galaxies
H.C. Ferguson, S. Ravindranath, and the GOODS Team ................ 139
High-Redshift QSOs in the GOODS
S. Cristiani, D.M. Alexander, F. Bauer, W.N. Brandt,
E.T.Chatzichristou,F.Fontanot,A.Grazian,A.Koekemoer,R.A.Lucas,
J. Mao, P. Monaco, M. Nonino, P. Padovani, D. Stern, P. Tozzi,
E. Treister, C.M. Urry, E. Vanzella .................................. 145
Contents IX
Constraining the Evolutionary Mass Function
and Star-Formation Activity in Galaxies from the Spizer
Wide-Area Infrared Extragalactic Survey (SWIRE)
A. Franceschini, C. Lonsdale, S. Berta, G. Rodighiero,
and the SWIRE Co-Investigator Team ................................ 151
The European Large Area ISO Survey: A Pathfinder for SIRTF
S. Oliver.......................................................... 157
Properties of Spiral and Elliptical Galaxy Progenitors at z > 1
C.J. Conselice ..................................................... 163
Star-Forming Galaxies in the ‘Redshift Desert’
C. Steidel, A. Shapley, M. Pettini, K. Adelberger, D. Erb, N. Reddy,
M. Hunt .......................................................... 169
The Deepest Near-Infrared View of the Universe
I. Labb´e, M. Franx, G. Rudnick, N. Fo¨rster Schreiber, E. Daddi,
P. van Dokkum, K. Kuijken, A. Moorwood, H.-W. Rix, H. Ro¨ttgering,
L. van Starkenburg, I. Trujillo, A. van der Wel, P. van der Werf ........ 179
Galaxy Evolution in Mass-Selected Samples
A. Fontana........................................................ 185
A Multiwavelength Survey of Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies
from z=3 to z=0
R. Guzma´n ....................................................... 191
The Galaxy Evolution Explorer – Early Data
C. Martin and the GALEX Team .................................... 197
Science with the Galaxy Evolution Explorer:
Starbursts and Stellar Populations
R.M. Rich ........................................................ 203
Mid-Ultraviolet Spectral Diagnostics of Galaxy Evolution
S.R. Heap, T. Lanz ................................................ 210
Multiwavelength Surveys within the DEEP Fields
D.C. Koo and DEEP Team ......................................... 216
X Contents
The VVDS: Early Results on the Large Scale Structure
Distribution of Galaxies out to z ∼ 1.5
O. Le F`evre, G. Vettolani, D. Maccagni, J.P. Picat, C. Adami,
M. Arnaboldi, S. Arnouts, S. Bardelli, M. Bolzonella, M. Bondi,
D. Bottini, G. Busarello, A. Cappi, P. Ciliegi, T. Contini, S. Charlot,
S. Foucaud, P. Franzetti, B. Garilli, I. Gavignaud, L. Guzzo, O. Ilbert,
A. Iovino, V. Le Brun, B. Marano, C. Marinoni, H.J. McCracken,
G. Mathez, A. Mazure, Y. Mellier, B. Meneux, P. Merluzzi, R. Merighi,
S. Paltani, R. Pell`o, A. Pollo, L. Pozzetti, M. Radovich, D. Rizzo,
R. Scaramella, M. Scodeggio, L. Tresse, G. Zamorani, A. Zanichelli,
E. Zucca.......................................................... 222
Directly Detecting the Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies
S.C. Trager, S.M. Faber, A. Dressler ................................. 230
The Near-Infrared View of Galaxy Evolution
A. Cimatti ........................................................ 237
Rapid Growth of Massive Galaxies:
A Paradox for Hierarchical Formation Models
H.-W. Chen, D. Crampton, and the LCIRS & GDDS Teams............. 243
The MUNICS Project: Galaxy Assembly at 0 < z < 1
N. Drory, R. Bender, G. Feulner, G.J. Hill, U. Hopp, C. Maraston,
J. Snigula......................................................... 251
Tracing the Formation of Massive Spheroids
from High-z Galaxy Clustering
E. Daddi.......................................................... 257
Galaxy Formation and Evolution since z = 1
F. Hammer, H. Flores, Y. Liang, X. Zheng, D. Elbaz, C. Cesarsky ....... 263
Characteristic Scales in Galaxy Formation
A. Dekel .......................................................... 269
Galaxy Evolution in Three Dimensions: Time, Space and Mass
T. Kodama, R. Bower, P. Best, P. Hall, T. Yamada, M. Tanaka ........ 279
The Evolution of Evolved Galaxies
G. Gavazzi........................................................ 285
TP-AGB Stars to Date High-Redshift Galaxies
with the Spitzer Space Telescope
C. Maraston....................................................... 290
The Epochs of Early-Type Galaxy Formation
in Clusters and in the Field
D. Thomas, C. Maraston, R. Bender ................................. 296