Multiple Choice Test Bank STUDY REVIEW Unit 3 Test

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178 AP World History
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 5. Timbuktu was renowned for its
(A) gold and its role in opposing the Arab
1. Which of the following is true of the slave trade.
Japanese shogunates? (B) salt reserves and Islamic scholarship.
(C) large harbor.
(A) Samurai were not subject to a personal
(D) glass and ceramic wares.
code of obedience or loyalty.
(B) The merchant class dominated Japanese
6. What did Swahili and Latin have in common
society during this time.
during the period between 1000 and 1500?
(C) Land was held by powerful lords called
daimyo. (A) They were banned by conquering rulers
(D) The status of women improved relative eager to impose their own languages.
to what it had been during the Heian (B) They were the most widely spoken Indo-
period. European languages of the period.
(C) They allowed communication between
2. The Aztecs and Chinese dynasties such as the diverse populations inhabiting large
Tang and the Ming resembled each other in reglOns.
that they (D) They both died out in favor of vernacular
languages during these years.
(A) imposed tributary systems upon neigh-
boring peoples.
7. What health-related crisis gravely affected
(B) made extensive use of gunpowder
China, the Middle East, and Europe during
weaponry.
the fourteenth century?
(C) practiced human sacrifice on a huge
scale. (A) the spread of bubonic plague
(D) cultivated high-yield crops such as corn (B) ctop blights that killed wheat as well
and the potato. as nce
(C) the ourbreak of Spanish flu
3. What fate did Russia experience at the hands (D) the global cooling known as the Little
of the Mongols? Ice Age
(A) It was conquered, but only for a short
8. Which of the following was NOT a
time.
consequence of the Moorish occupation
(B) It allied with the Mongols and joined
of Spain?
with them in conquering Central Asia.
(C) It was bypassed by the Mongols in favor (A) The Moors brought advanced knowledge
of richer lands in the Middle East. of medicine and science.
(D) It was ruled by the Mongols for more (B) The Moors left behind a distinct artistic
than two centuries. and architectural style.
(C) The Moors persecuted Jewish scholars
4. The Hanseatic League and professionals.
(D) The Moors' presence caused other
(A) dominated regional commerce in the
European states to develop feudal
Baltic and North seas.
defenses more effectively.
(B) traded in diamonds and slaves.
(C) was a powerful banking house in the
Holy Roman Empire.
(D) competed with Italy for trade in the
Mediterranean.
Unit Three: Review Questions 179
9. Which of the following characterized urban 12. The early Ming emperors
lifein medieval Europe?
(A) were culturally brilliant but politically
(A) Urbanization did little to stimulate the decadent.
revivalof trade. (B) surrendered control over much of their
(B) City governments fought poverty by cre- territory to European powers.
ating extensivewelfare systems. (C) overthrew Mongol rule and reconquered
(C) Most professions were organized accord- much neighboring territory.
ing to the guild system. (0) ignored naval power and the usefulness
(0) The urban poor shouldered the same of overseasexploration.
labor obligations asserfsin the surround-
ing countryside. 13. Which of the following did the 'Maya and the
Aztecs NOT have in common?
(A) a religion that practiced human sacrifice
(B) the architectural capability of building I,
large pyramids
(C) the veneration of similar deities
(0) strong, centralized rule from a single cap- 'I
ital
14. Which of the following is true of the Abbasid
Caliphate?
(A) It presided over the golden age of Islamic
10. The photo above most likely exemplifies culture.
(B) It forbade Jews and Christians to practice
(A) the blending of Hindu and Buddhist
their own religions.
architectural styles.
(C) It provided skilled and firm leadership
(B) palace-building aspracticed in the Incan
against the European crusades.
Empire.
(0) It imposed sanctions on China and
(C) regaldisplay on the part of aWest
refused to trade with the Far East.
African monarch.
(0) the diffusion of Chinese architectural
15. Which of the following isan example of
forms throughout Buddhist Asia.
China being influenced by its neighbors,
rather than the reverse?
11.Which of the following can most directly be
attributed to the Crusades? (A) its openness to Buddhist missionaries
from Korea
(A) widespread adoption of gunpowder
(B) its borrowing of the compass from
weaponry throughout Eurasia
Burma
(B) European colonization of East African
(C) its adoption of rice-paddy cultivation
and Southeast Asian ports
from Vietnam
(C) heightened European desire to trade with
(0) its adaptation ofJapanese ship design in
or control parts ofAsia
creating the junk
(0) the accelerated easrward spread of dis-
easessuch ascholera and smallpox
180 AP World History
16. A key similarity between women in medieval 20. In what way did Islamic and medieval
Europe and in Heian Japan is that European philosophers think alike?
(A) they could gain educations and respect (A) They attempted to reconcile reason and
for their intellectual accomplishments. religious faith.
(B) patriarchal discrimination barred them (B) They considered astrology to be the
from any role in religious life. unfolding of the divine will.
(C) they frequently ascended ro the throne, (C) They saw monarchy as an illegitimate
ruling as queens and empresses. form of government.
(D) medical advances kept them from dying (D) They concluded that religious belief was
in childbirth as often as women else- superior to empirical observation.
where did.
ANSWERS
17. Which of the following is true about Islam in
1. (C) Answer A is false; samurai followed the
India?
code of bushido. The merchant class gained
(A) Muslim women were as restricted in their more importance over time, but was never
behavior as Hindu women. dominant even in later years, and the cultural
(B) After violent introduction, Islam came to attainments of women, highly celebrated at
coexist with Hinduism as one of the the Heian court, were not valued by the
country's major faiths. shogunates.
(C) Islam's influence over India faded away
2. (A) Although the Chinese invented gunpow-
after the Delhi Sultanate's collapse.
der, their armies were slow to adopt it, and the
(D) Islam displaced Hinduism and Buddhism
Aztecs knew nothing of it until the Europeans'
almost completely by 1400.
arrival. Answer C is true only of the Aztecs.
Corn and potatoes were unknown outside the
18. One example of the Mongols' skill at cultural
Americas until the voyages of Columbus. Both
adaptation is
civilizations exacted tribute from nearby tribes
(A) promoting Christianity as a common
and nations.
religion to unite their subject peoples.
3. (D) The development of the Russian state
(B) imitating the Europeans' expertise at
under Mongol rule (the 1240s through the
. horseback archery.
mid-1400s), during which the city of Moscow
(C) adopting Persian as a written script for
rose to prominence, is one of many examples
their native language.
of the Mongol conquests' profound long-term
(D) borrowing their law code from the
impact on the history of Eurasia.
Chinese.
4. (A) The Hanseatic League included cities
19. The immediate cause of Ghana's eleventh-
from England, the Low Countries, the
century downfall was
German coast, Scandinavia, and even Russia,
(A) environmental calamity. and is an excellent example of how wide-rang-
(B) the Crusades. ing trade networks revived in Europe during
(C) Muslim conquest. the high middle ages. It operated in northern
(D) takeover by the Portuguese. Europe.
Unit Three: Review Questions 181
5. (B) Today a synonym for "the middle of 10. (A) Angkor Wat in Cambodia fuses Hindu
nowhere," Tirnbuktu in Mali was a thriving and Buddhist traditions. Similar syncretism
center of commerce. It was landlocked, mak- can be found in India's cave temples; as with
ing C incorrect. Choosing among A, B, and D most image-based questions, basic familiarity
requires knowledge of what the city's chief with such styles is the key to success.
commodities were, but remembering that few
11. (C) The only plausible alternative to C is B,
African states actively opposed slavery elimi-
which one could argue resulted in the long
nates A, and remembering its fame in the
term from the exploring impulse stirred up
sphere of religious education points to B.
partly by the Crusades. But C is more relevant
6. (C) Latin and Swahili are lingua francas, or in the short term.
common languages spoken by different peo-
12. (C) Answers A and D apply to the later Ming
ples living or trading in a large region. In
dynasty, and B describes Qing weakness during
Europe, Latin served for centuries as the lan-
the 1800s. The early Ming rulers were robust
guage of the educated elite, even as vernacular
conquerers (and sponsored the overseas voy-
languages grew in importance. Swahili (not an
ages of Zheng He).
Indo-European tongue) facilitated trade and
communication among the diverse communi- 13. (D) As Mesoamerican civilizations influenced
ties of East Mrica-and still does so. by the Olmec legacy, the Maya and the Aztecs
shared many common features. The former,
7. (A) Answer C is a modern disease, one of the
however, were governed by a variety of inde-
twentieth century's greatest killers. The Little
pendent city-states, while the Aztecs ruled
Ice Age came later and did not have as direct a
from Tenochtitlan.
demographic impact as bubonic plague, the
correct answer, which is thought to have killed 14. (A) Politically weak by the time the Crusades
up to a third of the populations it struck in the began (eliminating C), the Abbasid caliphs
1300s. traded widely (making D false) and presided
over cultural brilliance. Jews and Christians were
8. (C) During the medieval period, the Muslims
not forced to convert to Islam (asin B), but were
were more advanced than the Europeans,
taxed if they did not.
making A and B incorrect choices. Likewise,
the Moorish threat caused states like the 15. (C) The development of wet rice cultivation
Frankish kingdom to adapt militarily, as at the led to higher yields and profoundly affected
Battle of Tours. Spain's Jews were treated huge parts of East and South Asia. China
far more harshly by Catholic monarchs after invented the junk and the compass on its own.
the Moors' expulsion than by the Moors Buddhism arrived there from India.
themselves.
16. (A) Upper-class individuals such as Hildegard
9. (C) The growth of cities had everything to do von Bingen and Lady Murasaki received excel-
with trade, and state-sponsored welfare is gen- lent educations and gained cultural fame.
erally a modern phenomenon, making A and Women in both places could become nuns
B false. Even the poorest of city people shed (though not priests). Answer C applies to
serf status ("city air makes you free," as the say- Europe, but not Japan; deaths in childbirth
ing went). D is untrue as well. were quite high in both.
182 AP World History
17. (B) The Delhi Sultanate converted large parts 19. (C) Long-term environmental changes weak-
of India to Islam by means of violence; long ened Ghana and left it vulnerable, bur the
after the sultans passed away, the religion direct cause of its downfall was Muslim inva-
remained. Muslim women were not governed sion from the north.
by the caste system as Hindu women were.
20. (A) Astrology was widely practiced in the
18. (D) Although a few Mongols became medieval world, but not as part of formal the-
Christians, most converted to Islam or ology. Monarchy was seen as the norm in
Buddhism, and they adopted Uighur, not Europe and the Middle East, and although
Persian, as their written script. Their skill at religion was important to both cultures' intel-
horseback warfare was their own. lectual traditions, empiricism was given its due
as well. The attempt to strike a balance
between reason and faith preoccupied thinkers
in both worlds .
•
"
'II
..
China, Japan, and East Asia 151
QUICK REVIEW 4. Mongol conquest had what effect on China?
(A) The Mongols eradicated most traces of
1.Formany years,the Chinese enjoyed avirtual traditional Chinese culture.
monopoly on the production of: (B) The Mongols carried out numerous
atrocities against the Chinese population.
(A) rice.
(C) The Mongols shut down foreign trade
(B) porcelain.
along the Silk Road.
(C) silk.
(D) The Mongols reunited and revitalized
(D) cinnamon.
the Chinese state.
(E) bamboo.
(E) The Mongols outlawed Buddhism in
2.Which of the following isNOT favor of Islam.
acknowledgedto be a Chinese invention?
5. What pandemic killed 30 to 40 million of
(A) gunpowder Yuan China's population and then traveled
(B) the stirrup westward to the Middle East and Europe?
(C) the compass
(A) bubonic plague
(D) chain-driven machinery
(B) cholera
(E) none of the above
(C) leprosy
3.Which of the following istrue about Chinese (D) tuberculosis
women in the period between 1000 and (E) Spanish flu
1400 C.E.?
6. The early Ming emperors
I. Women of the lower classestended to be
(A) were culturally brilliant but politically
freerfrom restrictions than those of the
decadent.
upper classes.
(B) lost much of China's territory to its
II. Neo-Confucianism reinforced the
neighbors.
secondary status ofwomen in Chinese
(C) were dynamic conquerors.
society.
(D) ignored naval power and exploration.
III. Although women were generally subordi-
(E) neglected art and culture in favor of
nate to men, severalof them ruled China
warfare.
in their own right.
IV The binding ofwomen's feet was 7. Which of the following isNOT true of
practiced more widely. Japan's Heian period?
(A) I only (A) Under a figurehead emperor, the
(B) III only Fujiwara clan controlled governmental
(C) II and III affairs.
(D) I, II, and III (B) The warrior ethos of the Heian court
(E) I, II, and IV gavearistocratic women few opportuni-
ties to exert their influence.
(C) During the later Heian period, Japanese
culture became lessdependent on
Chinese influence.
(D) Lady Murasaki's famous novel, The TaLe
of Genji, was written during this time.
(E) It came to an end as the result of the
Taira-Minamoto war.
152 AP World History
8. When the first shoguns ruled Japan, less likely to obey all the dictates of Nee-Con-
fucianism, and female labor was too valuable
(A) real power rested with the emperor.
for the lower classes to afford the "luxury" of
(B) political authority was in the hands of
foot binding.
Buddhist monks.
(C) the emperor's power was symbolic. 4. (D) Under Kublai Khan, the Mongol leader-
(D) the shoguns served as Shinto priests. ship adapted itself to Chinese culture and estab-
(E) none of the above lished the Yuan state. Kublai Khan presided
over expansion, unification, cultural develop-
9. Which of the following is true of Zen
ment, and economic growth.
Buddhism?
5. (A) Best known in the West as the Black Death
(A) It originated in Japan, then traveled to
that struck Europe in the 1340s, the four-
Korea and China.
teenth-century wave of bubonic plague-one
(B) It had comparatively little impact on
of history's greatest medical disasters-origi-
Japan.
nated in China, caused great devastation there,
(C) It displaced the Shinto religion.
and did the same in the Middle East.
(D) It became popular among the samurai
of Japan. 6. (C) While the later Ming emperors became
(E) Its emphasis on heavenly afterlife decadent, rulers like Hongwu and Yongle
appealed to lower classes. actively and successfully expanded Ming power
by means of military might and sponsored
10. Rice-paddy cultivation
wide-ranging naval expeditions, such as the
(A) is extremely labor-intensive. voyages of Zheng He. They were also great cul-
(B) probably originated in Vietnam. tural patrons, and the Ming Dynasty is
(C) led to increased crop yields. renowned for artistic and cultural brilliance.
(D) all of the above
7. (B) The highly refined Heian court was domi-
(E) none of the above
nated by the Fujiwara clan. Art, culture, and
court ritual were very important, and women
enjoyed a comparatively high degree of status.
Answers
China's influence over Japanese culture never
ended, bur it lessened considerably.
1. (C) One of China's most profitable commodi-
ties was silk, the production of which is 8. (C) The shogun was a military leader, one of
extremely complicated. The Chinese jealously whose duries was to protect the emperor (who
guarded this secret for centuries. remained symbolically important). As the Fuji-
wara clan had done during the Heian period,
2. (B) The stirrup is thought to have originated
the shoguns dominated the emperors and used
in Central Asia. The other inventions are asso-
them as figureheads to legitimate their own
ciated with Song China, whose scientists and
authority.
engineers were extremely skilled. The Chinese
may have invented block printing, but this is 9. (D) Originating as Chan Buddhism in China,
not certain (some credit the Koreans). Zen spread to Japan. Its austerity and simplicity
resonated with the samurai warrior.
3. (E) Only one woman (Wu Zhao) governed
China in her own right, Neo-Confucianisrn 10. (D) One of Asia's most important agricultural
encouraged the subordination of women, and practices, rice-paddy (or wet) cultivation proba-
foot binding (thought to keep women's feet bly arose in Vietnam and spread throughout
"dainty" and "ladylike") began to catch on Southeast and East Asia. Though it requires
during these years. Lower-class families were great effort, it greatly boosts crop production.
Islam in the Middle East and Africa 141
QUICK REVIEW 5. Timbuktu was renowned for its
(A) gold and its role in opposing the slave
1.Achiefcharacteristic of Islamic states from trade.
1000 to 1400 was (B) salt reservesand Islamic scholarship.
(C) large harbor.
(A) political unity.
(D) glassand ceramic architecture.
(B) the consolidation of democracy.
(E) many Gothic churches.
(C) political chaos.
(D) steady strengthening of political power.
6. The Turkish military campaigns
(E) the weakening ofTurkish control over
Islamiclands. (A) crippled the Holy Roman Empire.
(B) crushed the Mongols.
2.Which of the following is true of the Abbasid (C) introduced Islam to the Middle East.
Caliphate? (D) weakened the Byzantine Empire.
(E) none of the above
(A) It presided over the golden ageof Islamic
culture.
7. The cavalrywarriors who went on to establish
(B) It heavilypersecuted Jews and Christians.
their own state in Egypt in the 1200s were
(C) It provided firm leadership when
European crusaders invaded. (A) the Ottomans.
(0) Itforbadecommercialrelationswith China. (B) the Mongols.
(E) It established a separate Muslim state in (C) the Mamluks.
the western Sahara. (D) the Seljuks.
(E) the Berbers.
3.Which of the following places in Africa
remainedChristian despite the spread of 8. Which of the following contributed to the
Islamon the continent? military success of the Ottomans?
(A)Marrakesh (A) They practiced guerrilla warfare.
(B)Swahilicity-states (B) They had a fleet of oceangoing sailing
(C)Mali ships.
(0) Ethiopia (C) They allied effectivelywith the
(E)Tunisia Mongols.
(D) They ceased relying on cavalry troops.
4.Atterthe mid-1200s, Mali (E) They had well-made gunpowder
weaponry.
I. wassoon conquered byArabs, who
installed an administration that was
controlled from Turkey.
II. stopped acting asa trade center.
III. becamea key trade center and controlled
amajor communications network.
IV.wasled by Christians.
(A)III only
(B)N only
(C)I, II, and III
(D) III, and IV
(E)I and II only
142 AP World History
9. In what way were philosophers in medieval 3. (D) This is a matter of factual knowledge.
Europe and the Islamic world similar? Egyptian Copts also remained Christian.
(A) They both believed in Christianity. 4. (A) From 1250, when Sundiata established
(B) They both studied the relationship his state there, until the 1400s, Mali was one
between reason and faith. of the greatest and wealthiest kingdoms in
(C) They both introduced astrology into Sub-Saharan Mrica. Although Islamic, it was
their studies of metaphysics. not controlled byTurks or Arabs.
(D) They were both persecuted by their
5. (B) The great commercial center of Mali,
rulers.
Timbuktu shipped salt all along the Niger
(E) They were required to be members of
River trade route. It was also a renowned
the clergy.
center of Islamic learning.
10.Why did Islamic art during this period 6. (D) Of the military outcomes described, only
usually feature geometric patterns and shapes the crippling of the Byzantine Empire can be
rather than depictions of living things? attributed to the Turks. The Seljuks started
Byzantium's decline by defeating it at the
(A) The Qur' an forbids the worship of
Battle of Manzikert (1071).
graven Images.
(B) Depiction of living beings was not seen 7. (C) Brought to the Middle East to serve in
asfashionable. Arab armies, the Mamluks gained control of
(C) Artists were not yet properly skilled to Egypt in the 1200s. In 1260, they halted the
draw human figures. Mongol advance into the Middle East.
(D) Geometric shapes were seen to be more
S. (E) Advanced technology and metallurgical
godlike.
skill enabled the Ottomans to equip them-
(E) none of the above
selves with state-of-the-art gunpowder
weaponry-including the artillery they used
to capture Constantinople in 1453.
Answers
9. (B) The question of how intellect and logic
1. (C) The. Islamic world stayed politically
could be reconciled with religious beliefpreoc-
united only until the 900s C.E. The Abbasid
cupied thinkers in the Islamic world, asit did
Caliphate gradually disintegrated until its
the European Scholastics.
destruction in 125S. Only in the 1400s did
the Ottoman Empire reunify the Middle East. 10. (A) Although, in practice, the depiction of
living beings was not absolutely prohibited, it
2. (A) The Abbasid Caliphate weakened politi-
was discouraged because the Qur'an (like the
cally after 900, when various parts of the
Bible's Ten Commandments) frowns on the
Islamic Empire broke away and achieved
artistic depiction of animals and humans as
autonomy. Abbasid resistance to the Crusades
objects of worship.
were ineffective. Political difficulties aside, the
Abbasid erawasaculturally advanced one, and
Muslim authorities tended not to treat nonbe-
lievers with viole'nce (although they did tax
those who did not convert).
South and Southeast Asia 157
island,the population would grow to such apoint that part of the tribe (sometimes
allof it) would have to move onward to keep from depleting all the resources.
The firstwaveof migration took the Polynesians to the island chain of Microne-
sia,east of the Philippines. Then, around 2000 to 1300 B.C.E., some Polynesians
movedto Melanesia, east of New Guinea and Australia and including Fiji.
Another major wave of migration took the Polynesians to the oceanic expanse
thatnow bears the name Polynesia. Polynesia isbounded by an imaginary triangle,
withHawaii at the north, New Zealand to the southwest, and Easter Island to the
southeast.By300 to 400 C.E., Polynesians had settled Easter Island, building their
famousstatues of human heads. By the 1500s, environmental stress and tribal war
destroyedthe Easter Island civilization. More successful was Polynesian settlement
ofNew Zealand, where the Maori culture, established around 800 C.E., survived
andprospered. A warrior society, the Maori became the largest single Polynesian
subcultureby the 1700s.
QUICK REVIEW 4. Indian Ocean trade tied together all of the
following areas directly EXCEPT
1.Until the modern era, India
(A) East Africa.
(A) enjoyed relative political unity. (B) the Arabian Peninsula.
(B) was not often united into a single state. (C) the Persian Gulf
(C) experienced cultural homogeneity. (D) Russia.
(D) was dominated by a single religion. (E) India.
(E) washighly urbanized.
5. Southeast Asian states
2.Over two hundred years, between the 1000s
I. included the Khmer and Srivijayan
and 1200s, the seizedparts of
empIres.
northern India.
II. adopted Hinduism or Buddhism or
(A) Muslims sometimes both.
(B) British III. traded spices for silk from China.
(C) Mongolians IV took part in Indian Ocean trade.
(D) Chinese
(A) I, II, and III
(E) Pakistanis
(B) II and IV only
(C) III and IV only
3. Forcenturies, the northern sections of India
(D) III only
werepopulated by and the
(E) all of the above
southern parts by _
(A) peoples of Dravidian ancestry, 6. Angkor rulers of Cambodia
Indo-Europeans
(A) were not motivated to expand their
(B) Pakistanis, Africans
borders.
(C) Tibetans, Chinese
(B) focused on internal economic
(D) the British, the French
development.
(E) Indo-Europeans, peoples of Dravidian
(C) were militarily aggressive.
ancestry
(D) encouraged the spread of Christianity.
(E) ruled well into the nineteenth century.