Multiphysics Modeling with Application to Biomedical Engineering PDF
Preview Multiphysics Modeling with Application to Biomedical Engineering
Multiphysics Modeling with Application to Biomedical Engineering Multiphysics Modeling with Application to Biomedical Engineering Z. Yang First edition published 2021 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Yang, Z., author. Title: Multiphysics modeling with application to biomedical engineering / Z. Yang. Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “The aim of this book is to introduce the simulation of various physical fields and their applications for biomedical engineering, which will provide a base for researchers in the biomedical field to conduct further investigation. The entire book is classified into three levels. It starts with the first level, which presents the single physical fields including structural analysis, fluid simulation, thermal analysis, and acoustic modeling. Then, the second level consists of various couplings between two physical fields covering structural thermal coupling, porous media, fluid structural interaction (FSI), and acoustic FSI. The third level focuses on multi-coupling that coupling with more than two physical fields in the model. Each part in all levels is organized as the physical feature, finite element implementation, modeling procedure in ANSYS, and the specific applications for biomedical engineering like the FSI study of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA), acoustic wave transmission in the ear, and heat generation of the breast tumor. The book should help for the researchers and graduate students conduct numerical simulation of various biomedical coupling problems. It should also provide all readers with a better understanding of various couplings”-- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2020009270 (print) | LCCN 2020009271 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367509767 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367510800 (ebook) Subjects: MESH: Physical Phenomena | Biomedical Engineering | Finite Element Analysis Classification: LCC R857.M3 (print) | LCC R857.M3 (ebook) | NLM QT 36 | DDC 610.28--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020009270 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020009271 ISBN: 978-0-367-50976-7 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-51080-0 (ebk) Typeset in Times by Lumina Datamatics Limited First edition published 2021 Contents by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press Preface ......................................................................................................................xi 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Author ....................................................................................................................xiii © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Chapter 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................1 Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and Section i Single Physics Phases apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, Chapter 2 Structural Analysis ...............................................................................7 transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval 2.1 General Characteristic of Solid State ........................................7 system, without written permission from the publishers. 2.2 Governing Equation of Solid and Finite Element For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or Implementation ..........................................................................7 contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750- 2.2.1 Lagrangian Description ................................................7 8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] 2.2.2 Constitutive Equation ...................................................8 Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used 2.2.3 Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. for Structural Analysis .................................................8 2.2.4 Finite Element Implementation ....................................9 Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data 2.3 Finite Element Procedure of Structural Analysis in ANSYS .....12 Names: Yang, Z., author. 2.4 Deformation of Intervertebral Disc under Compression .........13 Title: Multiphysics modeling with application to biomedical engineering / 2.4.1 Finite Element Model .................................................13 Z. Yang. Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020. | Includes bibliographical 2.4.2 Material Properties .....................................................14 references and index. | Summary: “The aim of this book is to introduce 2.4.3 Boundary Conditions and Loadings ...........................14 the simulation of various physical fields and their applications for 2.4.4 Solution Setting ..........................................................15 biomedical engineering, which will provide a base for researchers in the biomedical field to conduct further investigation. The entire book is 2.4.5 Results ........................................................................15 classified into three levels. It starts with the first level, which 2.4.6 Discussion...................................................................17 presents the single physical fields including structural analysis, fluid 2.4.7 Summary ....................................................................17 simulation, thermal analysis, and acoustic modeling. Then, the second level consists of various couplings between two physical fields covering References ..........................................................................................18 structural thermal coupling, porous media, fluid structural interaction (FSI), and acoustic FSI. The third level focuses on multi-coupling that coupling with more than two physical fields in the model. Each part in Chapter 3 Fluid Analysis ....................................................................................19 all levels is organized as the physical feature, finite element implementation, modeling procedure in ANSYS, and the specific 3.1 Nature of Fluids .......................................................................19 applications for biomedical engineering like the FSI study of Abdominal 3.2 Governing Equations of Fluids and Their Numerical Aortic Aneurysm (AAA), acoustic wave transmission in the ear, and heat Simulation ................................................................................19 generation of the breast tumor. The book should help for the researchers and graduate students conduct numerical simulation of various biomedical 3.2.1 Eulerian Description ..................................................19 coupling problems. It should also provide all readers with a better 3.2.2 Governing Equations ..................................................21 understanding of various couplings”-- Provided by publisher. 3.3 Modeling Procedure in ANSYS Fluent ...................................22 Identifiers: LCCN 2020009270 (print) | LCCN 2020009271 (ebook) | ISBN 3.4 Study of Blood Flow through a Stenotic Artery by CFD ........22 ISBN: 978-0-367-50976-7 (hbk) 3.4.1 Finite Element Model .................................................22 ISBN: 978-0-367-51080-0 (ebk) 3.4.2 Results ........................................................................24 3.4.3 Summary ....................................................................27 Typeset in Times by Lumina Datamatics Limited References ..........................................................................................27 v vi Contents Chapter 4 Acoustic Analysis ...............................................................................29 4.1 Sound Waves............................................................................29 4.2 Governing Equation and Finite Element Implementation .......29 4.3 Finite Element Procedure in ANSYS ......................................32 4.4 Acoustic Analysis of a Body under a Blast in an Open Area .....32 4.4.1 Finite Element Model .................................................33 4.4.2 Material Properties .....................................................33 4.4.3 Loadings and Boundary Conditions ...........................33 4.4.4 Solution Setting ..........................................................34 4.4.5 Results ........................................................................34 4.4.6 Discussion...................................................................34 4.4.7 Summary ....................................................................36 References ..........................................................................................36 Chapter 5 Thermal Analysis ...............................................................................39 5.1 Modes of Heat Transfer ...........................................................39 5.2 Governing Equations and Finite Element Implementation .....39 5.3 Finite Element Procedure of Heat Transfer in ANSYS ...........43 5.4 Thermal Analysis of Breast Tumors ........................................43 5.4.1 Bio-Heat Equation ......................................................44 5.4.2 Finite Element Model .................................................44 5.4.3 Material Properties .....................................................44 5.4.4 Boundary Conditions .................................................46 5.4.5 Solution Setting ..........................................................46 5.4.6 Results ........................................................................46 5.4.7 Summary ....................................................................47 References ..........................................................................................47 Section ii coupling Between two Physics Phases Chapter 6 Introduction of Coupling Problems ....................................................51 References ..........................................................................................53 Chapter 7 Fluid-Structure Interaction .................................................................55 7.1 FSI in ANSYS .........................................................................55 7.1.1 Two-Way FSI Coupling in ANSYS ............................55 7.1.2 One-Way FSI Coupling in ANSYS ............................55 7.2 Study of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Two-Way FSI .......57 7.2.1 System Coupling Implementation ..............................58 7.2.1.1 Structural Analysis .....................................59 7.2.1.2 CFD Fluent Analysis ..................................60 Contents vii 7.2.1.3 System Coupling .........................................62 7.2.2 Results ........................................................................62 7.2.3 Discussion...................................................................64 7.2.4 Summary ....................................................................68 7.3 Study of AAA by One-Way Coupling .....................................68 7.3.1 One-Way Coupling Implementation ...........................68 7.3.1.1 CFD Fluent Analysis ..................................68 7.3.1.2 Static Structural Analysis ...........................69 7.3.2 Results ........................................................................69 7.3.3 Discussion...................................................................70 7.3.4 Summary ....................................................................72 References ..........................................................................................72 Chapter 8 Modeling of Porous Media .................................................................75 8.1 Governing Equations for Porous Media ..................................75 8.2 Finite Element Procedure of Porous Media in ANSYS ..........77 8.3 Finite Element Analysis of Biological Tissue in the Confined Compression Test .....................................................78 8.3.1 Finite Element Model .................................................78 8.3.2 Material Properties .....................................................79 8.3.3 Boundary Conditions and Loadings ...........................79 8.3.4 Solution Setting ..........................................................80 8.3.5 Results ........................................................................80 8.3.6 Discussion...................................................................82 8.3.7 Summary ....................................................................82 References ..........................................................................................82 Chapter 9 Acoustic-Structural Coupling ............................................................85 9.1 Finite Element Matrix of Acoustic-Structural Coupling .........85 9.2 Finite Element Procedure of Acoustic FSI in ANSYS ............87 9.3 Finite Element Analysis of Blast Wave Transmission through Human Ear .................................................................88 9.3.1 Finite Element Model .................................................88 9.3.2 Material Properties .....................................................89 9.3.3 Loadings and Boundary Conditions ...........................89 9.3.4 Solution Setting ..........................................................90 9.3.5 Results ........................................................................91 9.3.6 Discussion...................................................................95 9.3.7 Summary ....................................................................95 References ..........................................................................................96 viii Contents Chapter 10 Thermal-Structural Coupling .............................................................99 10.1 Thermal-Stress Coupling ........................................................99 10.2 Finite Element Procedure of Thermal-Structural Analysis in ANSYS ...............................................................100 10.3 Simulation of Heating Generation of Biological Tissues under Cyclic Loading ............................................................101 10.3.1 Finite Element Model ...............................................101 10.3.2 Material Properties ...................................................102 10.3.3 Boundary Conditions and Loadings .........................103 10.3.4 Solution Setting ........................................................103 10.3.5 Results ......................................................................103 10.3.6 Discussion.................................................................105 10.3.7 Summary ..................................................................106 References ........................................................................................106 Section iii coupling among More than two Physics Phases Chapter 11 Thermal Analysis of Porous Media..................................................109 11.1 Governing Equations for Heat Transfer in Porous Media .....109 11.2 Finite Element Procedure for CPT Thermal Model ..............112 11.3 Application of CPT Thermal Elements for Study of Arterial Tissue Fusion ...........................................................112 11.3.1 Finite Element Model ...............................................113 11.3.2 Material Properties ...................................................114 11.3.3 Boundary and Loadings ...........................................114 11.3.4 Solution Setting ........................................................116 11.3.5 Results ......................................................................116 11.3.6 Discussion.................................................................119 11.3.7 Summary ..................................................................120 References ........................................................................................120 Chapter 12 A CFD-FEA Coupling Study of Blood Flow in the Abnormal Cardiovascular System .....................................................................121 12.1 Double Couplings ..................................................................121 12.2 Blood Flow in the Blood Vessel ............................................123 12.3 Coupled Acoustic Analysis of Blood Vessel and Tissues ......124 12.3.1 Finite Element Model ...............................................124 12.3.2 Material Properties ...................................................124 12.3.3 Boundary Conditions and Loadings .........................124 Contents ix 12.3.4 Solution Setting ........................................................124 12.3.5 Results ......................................................................124 12.4 Summary ...............................................................................126 References ........................................................................................126 Section iV Retrospective Chapter 13 Retrospective ....................................................................................129 Appendix 1 ............................................................................................................131 Appendix 2 ............................................................................................................135 Appendix 3 ............................................................................................................137 Appendix 4 ............................................................................................................141 Appendix 5 ............................................................................................................143 Appendix 6 ............................................................................................................145 Appendix 7 ............................................................................................................147 Appendix 8 ............................................................................................................149 Appendix 9 ............................................................................................................153 Index ......................................................................................................................157
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