Studies in Computational Intelligence 1060 Arash Shaban-Nejad Martin Michalowski Simone Bianco Editors Multimodal AI in Healthcare A Paradigm Shift in Health Intelligence Studies in Computational Intelligence Volume 1060 SeriesEditor JanuszKacprzyk,PolishAcademyofSciences,Warsaw,Poland The series “Studies in Computational Intelligence” (SCI) publishes new developments and advances in the various areas of computational intelligence—quickly and with a high quality. 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AllbookspublishedintheseriesaresubmittedforconsiderationinWebofScience. · · Arash Shaban-Nejad Martin Michalowski Simone Bianco Editors Multimodal AI in Healthcare A Paradigm Shift in Health Intelligence Editors ArashShaban-Nejad MartinMichalowski Oak-RidgeNationalLaboratory(ORNL) SchoolofNursing CenterforBiomedicalInformatics UniversityofMinnesota TheUniversityofTennesseeHealth Minneapolis,MN,USA ScienceCenter(UTHSC) Memphis,TN,USA SimoneBianco ResearchCenter IBMAlmaden SanJose,CA,USA ISSN 1860-949X ISSN 1860-9503 (electronic) StudiesinComputationalIntelligence ISBN 978-3-031-14770-8 ISBN 978-3-031-14771-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14771-5 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SwitzerlandAG2023 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Multimodal Artificial Intelligence is a relatively new concept in high performance computational sciences that aims at integrating multiple data streams in different formats(e.g.,text,image,video,audio,andnumericaldata)toimprovetheaccuracy ofinformationextractionandinference,reducebias,andgenerateanoverallbetter representationofthephysical,medical,orsocietalprocessesdescribedbythedata. IncorporatingmultimodalAItoprocessmultidimensionalandmultimodaldatasets inmissioncriticaldomainssuchashealthandmedicinecanadvancehealthanalytics, improve case finding/prediction, diagnosis, risk stratification, referrals, and follow upanddecision-makingbyhealthprofessionalsandpolicymakers. ThisbookaimstohighlightthelatestachievementsintheuseofAIandmultimodal artificial intelligence in biomedicine and healthcare. The edited volume contains selectedpaperspresentedatthe2022HealthIntelligenceworkshopandtheassociated DataHackathon/Challenge,co-locatedwiththe36thAssociationfortheAdvance- mentofArtificialIntelligence(AAAI)conference,andpresentsanoverviewofthe issues,challenges,andpotentialsinthefield,alongwithnewresearchresults.This book provides information for researchers, students, industry professionals, clini- cians,andpublichealthagenciesinterestedintheapplicationsofAIinpublichealth andmedicine. Memphis,USA ArashShaban-Nejad Minneapolis,USA MartinMichalowski SanJose,USA SimoneBianco v Contents Multimodal Artificial Intelligence: Next Wave of Innovation inHealthcareandMedicine ........................................ 1 ArashShaban-Nejad,MartinMichalowski,andSimoneBianco Unsupervised Numerical Reasoning to Extract Phenotypes fromClinicalTextbyLeveragingExternalKnowledge ................ 11 AshwaniTanwar,JingqingZhang,JuliaIve,VibhorGupta,andYikeGuo Domain-specific Language Pre-training for Dialogue ComprehensiononClinicalInquiry-AnsweringConversations ......... 29 ZhengyuanLiu,PavitraKrishnaswamy,andNancyF.Chen ClinicalDialogueTranscriptionErrorCorrectionUsingSeq2Seq Models ........................................................... 41 GayaniNanayakkara,NirmalieWiratunga,DavidCorsar,KyleMartin, andAnjanaWijekoon CustomizedTrainingofPretrainedLanguageModelstoDetect PostIntentsinOnlineHealthSupportGroups ....................... 59 TootiyaGiyahchi,SameerSingh,IanHarris,andCorneliaPechmann EXPECT-NLP: An Integrated Pipeline and User Interface forExploringPatientPreferencesDirectlyfromPatient-Generated Text .............................................................. 77 DavidJohnson, NickDragojlovic, NicolaKopac, YifuChen, MarilynLenzen,SarahLeHuray,SamanthaPollard,DeanRegier, MarkHarrison, AmyGeorge, GiuseppeCarenini, RaymondNg, andLarryLynd MedicationErrorDetectionUsingContextualLanguageModels ....... 91 YuJiangandChristianPoellabauer vii viii Contents LatentRepresentationWeightsLearningoftheIndefiniteLength ofViewsforConceptionDiagnosis .................................. 101 BoLi,MengzeSun,YuanYu,YuanyuanZhao,ZhongliangXiang, andZhiyongAn PhenotypingwithPositiveUnlabelledLearningforGenome-Wide AssociationStudies ................................................ 117 AndreVauvelle,HamishTomlinson,AaronSim,andSpirosDenaxas Out-of-Distribution Detection for Medical Applications: GuidelinesforPracticalEvaluation ................................. 137 KarinaZadorozhny,PatrickThoral,PaulElbers,andGiovanniCinà ARobustSystemtoDetectandExplainPublicMaskWearing Behavior .......................................................... 155 AkshayGuptaandBiplavSrivastava AFederatedCoxModelwithNon-proportionalHazards .............. 171 D.KaiZhang,FrancescaToni,andMatthewWilliams AStepTowardsAutomatedFunctionalAssessmentofActivities ofDailyLiving .................................................... 187 BappadityaDebnath, MaryO’brien, SwagatKumar, andArdhenduBehera TheInterpretationofDeepLearningBasedAnalysisofMedical Images—An Examination of Methodological and Practical ChallengesUsingChestX-rayData ................................. 203 SteinarValssonandOgnjenArandjelovic´ Predicting Drug Functions from Adverse Drug Reactions byMulti-labelDeepNeuralNetwork ................................ 215 PranabDasandDilwarHussainMazumder PatternDiscoveryinPhysiologicalDatawithBytePairEncoding ...... 227 NazgolTavabiandKristinaLerman PredictingICUAdmissionsforHospitalizedCOVID-19Patients withaFactorGraph-basedModel ................................... 245 YuruiCao, PhuongCao, HaotianChen, KarlM.Kochendorfer, AndrewB.Trotter, WilliamL.Galanter, PaulM.Arnold, andRavishankarK.Iyer SemanticNetworkAnalysisofCOVID-19VaccineRelatedText fromReddit ....................................................... 257 ChadA.Melton,JintaeBae,OlufuntoA.Olusanya,JonHaelBrenas, EunKyongShin,andArashShaban-Nejad Contents ix TowardsProvidingClinicalInsightsonLongCovidfromTwitter Data .............................................................. 267 RohanBhambhoria,JadSaab,SaraUppal,XinLi,ArturYakimovich, JunaidBhatti, NirmaKhatriValdamudi, DianaMoyano, MichaelBales,ElhamDolatabadi,andSedefAkinliKocak PredictingInfectionsintheCovid-19Pandemic—LessonsLearned ..... 279 SharareZehtabian, SiavashKhodadadeh, DamlaTurgut, andLadislauBölöni ImprovingRadiologyReportGenerationwithAdaptiveAttention ..... 293 LinWangandJieChen InstantaneousPhysiologicalEstimationUsingVideoTransformers ..... 307 AmbareeshRevanur, AnanyanandaDasari, ConradS.Tucker, andLászlóA.Jeni Automated Vision-Based Wellness Analysis for Elderly Care Centers ........................................................... 321 XijieHuang,JeffryWicaksana,ShichaoLi,andKwang-TingCheng Efficient Extraction of Pathologies from C-Spine Radiology ReportsUsingMulti-taskLearning ................................. 335 ArijitSehanobish, NathanielBrown, IshitaDaga, JayashriPawar, DanielleTorres, AnasuyaDas, MurrayBecker, RichardHerzog, BenjaminOdry,andRonVianu Benchmarking Uncertainty Quantification on Biosignal ClassificationTasksUnderDatasetShift ............................. 347 TongXia,JingHan,andCeciliaMascolo MiningAdverseDrugReactionsfromUnstructuredMediums atScale ........................................................... 361 HashamUlHaq,VeyselKocaman,andDavidTalby AGraph-basedImputationMethodforSparseMedicalRecords ....... 377 RamonViñas,XuZheng,andJerHayes UsingNursingNotestoPredictLengthofStayinICUforCritically IllPatients ........................................................ 387 SudeshnaJana,TirthankarDasgupta,andLipikaDey AutomaticClassificationofDementiaUsingTextandSpeechData ..... 399 HeeJeongHan,SuhasB.N.,LingQiu,andSaeedAbdullah UnifiedTensorNetworkforMultimodalDementiaDetection .......... 409 TruongHoang,Thuy-TrinhNguyen,andHoangD.Nguyen Contributors AbdullahSaeed College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania StateUniversity,UniversityPark,PA,USA AnZhiyong SchoolofComputerScienceandTechnology,ShandongTechnology andBusinessUniversity,Yantai,PR,China; School of Statistics, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, PR, China Arandjelovic´ Ognjen UniversityofStAndrews,StAndrews,Scotland,UK ArnoldPaulM. CarleFoundationHospital,Urbana,IL,USA B.N.Suhas CollegeofInformationSciencesandTechnology,PennsylvaniaState University,UniversityPark,PA,USA BaeJintae KoreaUniversity,Seoul,SouthKorea BalesMichael Hoffmann-LaRocheLtd.,Mississauga,ON,Canada BeckerMurray CoveraHealth,NYC,NewYork,USA BeheraArdhendu EdgeHillUniversity,Ormskirk,UK BhambhoriaRohan Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,ON,Canada BhattiJunaid Manulife,Toronto,ON,Canada BiancoSimone Altos Labs—Bay Area Institute of Science, BAI Computational InnovationHub,RedwoodCity,CA,USA BrenasJonHael SangerInstitute,Cambridge,UK BrownNathaniel CoveraHealth,NYC,NewYork,USA BölöniLadislau DepartmentofComputerScience,UniversityofCentralFlorida, Orlando,FL,USA CaoPhuong UniversityofIllinoisUrbana-Champaign,Champaign,IL,USA xi