Multilingualism in the Graeco-Roman Worlds

410 Pages·2012·6.635 MB·English

by  Dr Alex Mullen, Dr Patrick James

MULTILINGUALISM IN THE
GRAECO-ROMAN WORLDS
Throughwordsandimagesemployedbyindividualsandcommuni-
ties across the Graeco-Roman worlds, this book explores linguistic
interactions and multilingual representations of identity. It encom-
passes not only Greek and Roman culture and power, but also
the transformation of the Graeco-Roman world under Islam and
withinthemedievalmind.Bytreatingarangeofmaterials,contexts,
languages, and temporal and political boundaries, the contribu-
tors consider points of cross-cultural similarity and difference and
the changing linguistic landscape of East and West from antiquity
intothemedievalperiod.Contemporarymultilingualismtheoryand
interdisciplinary perspectives deliver fresh insights into remarkable
evidenceandoffernewdirectionsforthefuture.
alex mullenisapost-doctoralresearchfellowatAllSoulsCollege,
Oxford. She was previously Lumley Research Fellow at Magdalene
College,Cambridge,andAffiliatedLecturerattheFacultyofClassics.
patrick james is an Assistant Editor for the Cambridge Greek
Lexicon Project and was previously a research associate at Jesus
College,Cambridge.HeteachesLatinandGreeklanguagesandlin-
guisticsfortheFacultyofClassics.

MULTILINGUALISM IN THE
GRAECO-ROMAN WORLDS
edited by
ALEX MULLEN AND PATRICK JAMES
cambridge university press
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Firstpublished2012
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LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata
MultilingualismintheGraeco-Romanworlds/editedbyAlexMullenandPatrickJames.
pages cm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindexes.
isbn978-1-107-01386-5
1.Multilingualism–Rome. 2.Multilingualism–Greece I.Mullen,Alex,1982–
II.James,Patrick,1981–
p115.5.r57m85 2012
404(cid:3).20938–dc23 2012013655
isbn978-1-107-01386-5Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor
accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto
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Contents
Listoffigures pagevii
Listoftables xi
Notesoncontributors xii
Prefaceandacknowledgements xiii
Abbreviations xv
1 Introduction:multiplelanguages,multipleidentities 1
AlexMullen
2 Languagemaintenanceandlanguageshiftinthe
MediterraneanworldduringtheRomanEmpire 36
JamesClackson
3 WhydidCopticfailwhereAramaicsucceeded?Linguistic
developmentsinEgyptandtheNearEastaftertheArab
conquest 58
AriettaPapaconstantinou
4 Languagecontactinthepre-RomanandRomanIberian
peninsula:directandindirectevidence 77
OliverSimkin
5 ComplaintsofthenativesinaGreekdress:theZenon
ArchiveandtheproblemofEgyptianinterference 106
TrevorEvans
6 Linguaesacraeinancientandmedievalsources:
ananthropologicalapproachtorituallanguage 124
AlderikBlom
7 TypologiesoftranslationtechniquesinGreekandLatin:
Latinelticis:catelticis=Greek(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:4)(cid:7):(cid:4)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:4)(cid:7) 141
DavidLangslow
v
vi Contents
8 GreekinearlymedievalIreland 172
Pa´draicMoran
9 AnhabeslinguamLatinam?Nontambenesapio:viewsof
multilingualismfromtheearlymedievalWest 193
PaulRussell
10 Towardsanarchaeologyofbilingualism:onthestudyof
Greek–CopticeducationinlateantiqueEgypt 225
ScottBucking
11 Neo-PunicandLatininscriptionsinRomanNorth
Africa:functionanddisplay 265
AndrewWilson
12 Culturesaslanguagesandlanguagesascultures 317
RobinOsborne
Bibliography 335
Generalindex 380
Indexoflinguisticentities 385
Indexlocorum 387
Figures
1.1 FunerarymonumenttoRegina(RIBi1065)
(reproducedbykindpermissionofArbeiaRomanFort
andMuseums,Tyne&WearArchives&Museums). page33
2.1 BilingualinscriptionfromPisaurum(reproducedby
kindpermissionoftheBibliotecaeMuseiOliveriani,
Pesaro). 39
2.2 Gaulishspindle-whorl(He´rondeVillefosse1914:
Fig.1). 44
4.1 AncientlanguagesoftheIberianpeninsula. 80
4.2 UseoftheRomanalphabet,aspercentageoftotal
inscriptions. 94
4.3 Connectionsattestedonthemosaicinscriptionsof
AndelosandCaminreal. 101
4.4 ConnectionsattestedonselectedCeltiberiantesserae
(afterSimo´nCornago2008). 102
9.1 Oxford,BodleyMS,572,fol.43r(extract)(reproduced
bykindpermissionofTheBodleianLibrary,University
ofOxford). 203
10.1 MapofEgypt,showingsitesmentionedinthechapter. 227
10.2 TempleofHatshepsutatDeirel-Bahri,Thebes:middle
andupperterraceswithconnectingramp(photo:
D.Fafard). 235
10.3 PlanofupperterraceofHatshepsuttemple,Deir
el-Bahri,showinglocationsofalphabeticgraffiti(after
Łajtar2006:Fig.2). 237
10.4 North-easterncornerofcentralcourtofupperterrace,
Hatshepsuttemple,Deirel-Bahri,witharrows
indicatinglocationsofBataille185andgraffiticluster
C.1(photo:S.Bucking). 239
vii
viii Listoffigures
10.5 UpperterraceofHatshepsuttemple,Deirel-Bahri,
duringNaville’sexcavations,withremainsof
BuildingGpriortotheirdisengagement(Egypt
ExplorationSociety,Carter10,reproducedbykind
permissionoftheEgyptExplorationSociety). 240
10.6 Drawingofreliefonwesternwallofcorridorleading
toChapeloftheNightSun,Hatshepsuttemple,
Deirel-Bahri,withlocationsofalphabetgraffitiand
beardedmalebust(afterNaville1895:Pl.2). 241
10.7 Beardedmalebust(Godlewski6.36)incorridor
leadingtoChapeloftheNightSun,Hatshepsut
temple,Deirel-Bahri(photo:S.Bucking). 242
10.8 GraffiticlusterC.1,northernwall,centralcourtof
upperterrace,Hatshepsuttemple,Deirel-Bahri
(photo:S.Bucking). 245
10.9a,b Columbiaapis.348,excavatedatDeirel-Bahribythe
MetropolitanMuseumofArt,1926–1928:a.alphabet
verse;b.Copticreligiousphrase(O.Col.inv.348,
reproducedbykindpermissionoftheRareBook
andManuscriptLibrary,ColumbiaUniversity). 247
10.10 Viewofsouthernsideofwesternwall,centralcourt,
Hatshepsuttemple,Deirel-Bahri,showingNiches
A–I(NicheAatfarleft)(photo:S.Bucking). 249
10.11 Alphabetgraffito(Bataille101),NicheAinwestern
wallofcentralcourt,Hatshepsuttemple,Deir
el-Bahri(photo:S.Bucking). 250
10.12 PlanofTomb23,BeniHasan,showinglocationof
alphabettable(afterNewberry1893:Pl.23). 257
10.13 FacsimileofTomb23alphabettable,BeniHasan
(Newberry1893:Pl.25). 258
10.14 Mainconcentrationofalphabetgraffitionnorthern
wallofTomb15,BeniHasan(photo:S.Bucking). 262
11.1 Distributionofneo-PunicinscriptionsinNorth
Africa(A.Wilson/H.Friedman;datafromJongeling
2008). 270
11.2 Distributionofneo-Punicbilingualinscriptionsin
NorthAfrica(A.Wilson/H.Friedman;datafrom
Jongeling2008). 271
11.3 DedicationtoShadrapaandMelkashtart(IPT31),
foundreusedintheByzantinedefensivewallaround