Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences: Theory, Methods and Applications

373 Pages·2016·7.102 MB·English

by  Emmanuel Lazega, Tom A.B. Snijders (eds.)

Methodos Series 12
Emmanuel Lazega
Tom A.B. Snijders Editors
Multilevel
Network
Analysis for the
Social Sciences
Theory, Methods and Applications
Methodos Series
Methodological Prospects in the Social Sciences
Volume 12
Editors
DanielCourgeau,InstitutNationald’ÉtudesDémographiques
RobertFranck,UniversitéCatholiquedeLouvain
EditorialAdvisoryBoard
PeterAbell,LondonSchoolofEconomics
PatrickDoreian,UniversityofPittsburgh
SanderGreenland,UCLASchoolofPublicHealth
RayPawson,LeedsUniversity
CeesvanderEijk,UniversityofAmsterdam
BernardWalliser,EcoleNationaledesPontsetChaussées,Paris
BjörnWittrock,UppsalaUniversity
GuillaumeWunsch,UniversitéCatholiquedeLouvain
This Book Series is devoted to examining and solving the major methodological
problemssocialsciencesarefacing.Takeforexamplethegapbetweenempiricaland
theoreticalresearch, the explanatorypower of models, the relevance of multilevel
analysis,theweaknessofcumulativeknowledge,theroleofordinaryknowledgein
the research process, or the place which should be reserved to “time, change and
history”whenexplainingsocialfacts.Theseproblemsarewellknownandyetthey
areseldomtreatedindepthinscientificliteraturebecauseoftheirgeneralnature.
Sothattheseproblemsmaybeexaminedandsolutionsfound,theseriesprompts
and fosters the settingup of international multidisciplinary research teams, and it
is work by these teams that appears in the Book Series. The series can also host
booksproducedbyasingleauthorwhichfollowthesameobjectives.Proposalsfor
manuscriptsandplansforcollectivebookswillbecarefullyexamined.
The epistemological scope of these methodological problems is obvious and
resortingtoPhilosophyofSciencebecomesanecessity.Themainobjectiveofthe
Series remains however the methodological solutions that can be applied to the
problems in hand. Therefore the books of the Series are closely connected to the
researchpractices.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/6279
Emmanuel Lazega (cid:129) Tom A.B. Snijders
Editors
Multilevel Network Analysis
for the Social Sciences
Theory, Methods and Applications
123
Editors
EmmanuelLazega TomA.B.Snijders
Institutd’EtudesPolitiquesdeParis,SPC DepartmentofSociology
CSO-CNRS,Paris,France UniversityofGroningen
Groningen,TheNetherlands
NuffieldCollege
UniversityofOxford
Oxford,UK
MethodosSeries
ISBN978-3-319-24518-8 ISBN978-3-319-24520-1 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-24520-1
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015957593
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof
thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,
broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation
storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology
nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
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Printedonacid-freepaper
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Acknowledgments
TheauthorsandeditorsofthisvolumethankDanielCourgeauandRobertFranck,
editorsof the Methodosseries, for their encouragement,advice, and patience. We
are gratefulto Julien Brailly,GuillaumeFavre, AnuškaFerligoj,andMalka Older
foradviceinthepreparationofthisvolume.Thebookbenefittedfromintellectual
developments for which Mark Tranmer’s Leverhulme group was very important.
Finally,wethanktheEuropeanSciencesFoundation,ECRPProgram,aswellasthe
Program‘Dynamiquedesréseauxmultiniveaux’(DYREM)ofSorbonneParis-Cité,
for financial support for the meetings that led to this publication. Many thanks to
BernadetteDeelen-Mans,StéphanieDubois,EdithMartine,andCélineOttenwelter
forprovidingadministrativesupportforthesemeetings.
v

Contents
1 Introduction................................................................. 1
EmmanuelLazegaandTomA.B.Snijders
PartI Theory
2 TheMultipleFlavoursofMultilevelIssuesforNetworks.............. 15
TomA.B.Snijders
3 SynchronizationCostsinthe OrganizationalSociety:
IntermediaryRelationalInfrastructuresintheDynamics
ofMultilevelNetworks..................................................... 47
EmmanuelLazega
PartII Methods
4 ModelingIndividualOutcomesUsingaMultilevelSocial
Influence(MSI)Model:IndividualVersusTeamEffects
ofTrustonJobSatisfactioninanOrganisationalContext ............ 81
FilipAgneessensandJohanKoskinen
5 MultilevelModelsforMultilevelNetworkDependencies.............. 107
MarkTranmerandEmmanuelLazega
6 MultilevelNetworkAnalysisUsingERGMandItsExtension ........ 125
PengWang,GarryRobins,andPetrMatous
7 CorrespondenceAnalysisofMultirelationalMultilevelNetworks.... 145
MengxiaoZhu,ValentinaKuskova,StanleyWasserman,
andNoshirContractor
8 RoleSetsandDivisionofWorkatTwoLevelsofCollective
Agency: The Case of Blockmodeling a Multilevel
(Inter-individualandInter-organizational)Network................... 173
AlešŽibernaandEmmanuelLazega
vii
viii Contents
PartIII Applications
9 Comparing Fields of Sciences: Multilevel Networks
ofResearchCollaborationsinItalianAcademia........................ 213
ElisaBellotti,LuigiGuadalupi,andGuidoConaldi
10 MarketasaMultilevelSystem............................................ 245
Julien Brailly, Guillaume Favre, Josiane Chatellet,
andEmmanuelLazega
11 KnowledgeNetworksinHigh-TechClusters:AMultilevel
PerspectiveonInterpersonalandInter-organizational
Collaboration ............................................................... 273
JuliaBrenneckeandOlafN.Rank
12 Inter-organizationalNetworkInfluence onLong-Term
andShort-Term Inter-individualRelationships: The
Case of a Trade Fair for TV ProgramsDistribution
inSub-SaharanAfrica..................................................... 295
Guillaume Favre, Julien Brailly, Josiane Chatellet,
andEmmanuelLazega
13 Multilevel Bilateralismand Multilateralism: States’
BilateralandMultilateralFisheriesTreatiesandTheir
Secretariats.................................................................. 315
JamesHollwayandJohanKoskinen
14 Knowledge Sharing in Organizations:A Multilevel
NetworkAnalysis........................................................... 333
PaolaZappaandAlessandroLomi
15 GeneralConclusion ........................................................ 355
EmmanuelLazegaandTomA.B.Snijders
AuthorIndex...................................................................... 363
SubjectIndex..................................................................... 371
Chapter 1
Introduction
EmmanuelLazegaandTomA.B.Snijders
Theoretical developmentsand the emergence of new epistemological insights are
based on interactions between old problems and new methodologies (Courgeau
2003). At least two methodologies have helped social scientists of the past two
generationsinovercomingthetraditionaldividebetweenindividualisticandholistic
approachesin the social sciences:multilevelanalysisand socialnetworkanalysis.
The purpose of this book is to provide an exploration of the diverse ways in
which these two methodologies can be brought together in statistical approaches
to multilevel network analysis, specifically their combination in the development
ofthreeareas:theory,techniques,andempiricalapplicationsinthesocialsciences.
The combination of approaches opens up new avenues of research and improves
the necessary management of so-called ‘ecological fallacies’ (Robinson 1950;
Courgeau1999,2002,2004,2007)incomplexsystemsofinequalities:forexample,
when looking at problems as different as school performance of pupils or career
developmentinlabormarkets.
Withrespecttotheory,thisbookdescribesthedevelopmentofmultilevelnetwork
reasoningbyshowinghowitcanexplainbehaviorbyinsistingontwodifferentways
ofcontextualizingit.Thefirstmethodconsistsofidentifyinglevelsofinfluenceon
behaviorandidentifyinginsophisticatedwaysdifferentaggregationsofactorsand
behaviors as well as complex interactions between levels and therefore between
contextandbehavior.Thelevelsinmultilevelanalysisrefertothedifferentunitsof
E.Lazega((cid:2))
Institutd’EtudesPolitiquesdeParis,SPC,CSO-CNRS,19rueAmélie,75007Paris,France
e-mail:[email protected]
T.A.B.Snijders
DepartmentofSociology,UniversityofGroningen,GroteRozenstraat31,9712TGGroningen,
TheNetherlands
NuffieldCollege,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK
e-mail:tom.snijders@nuffield.ox.ac.uk
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 1
E.Lazega,T.A.B.Snijders(eds.),MultilevelNetworkAnalysisfortheSocial
Sciences,MethodosSeries12,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-24520-1_1