Multilateral aid 2010

212 Pages·2011·2.832 MB·English

by  OECD

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2008 DAC Report on Multilateral Aid

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Multilateral aid accounts for over a third of total ODA. The scale at which the multilateral o 2008 DAC Report
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system is used reflects donors’ views of it as an important aid channel. However, a clearer t
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picture of the multilateral system is needed to analyse this channel, and the first ever OECD n

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Development Assistance Committee (DAC) report on multilateral aid aims to address this
u on Multilateral Aid
gap. The report provides a snapshot of the multilateral aid architecture, from the funding lt
of multilateral organisations by DAC members to their own multilateral aid strategies and ila
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policies. The report also highlights issues such as fragmentation, multilateral effectiveness, r
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reform processes and partner country views. l
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www.oecd.org/dac/scalingup
2008 DAC Report on
Multilateral Aid
DAC RepoRt on MultilAteRAl AiD, 2008 – © oeCD 2009
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION
AND DEVELOPMENT
the oeCD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and
environmental challenges of globalisation. the oeCD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments
respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an
ageing population. the organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to
common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies.
the oeCD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, iceland, ireland, italy, Japan, Korea, luxembourg, Mexico, the netherlands, new Zealand, norway,
poland, portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, turkey, the united Kingdom and the united States. the
Commission of the european Communities takes part in the work of the oeCD.
Publié en français sous le titre :
Rapport 2008 du CAD sur l’aide multilatérale
DAC RepoRt on MultilAteRAl AiD, 2008 – © oeCD 2009
tABle oF ContentS – 3
Table of Contents
Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Chapter 1. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Chapter 2 . Multilateral Aid at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Historical trends in multilateral aid............................................................ 21
Allocations to multilateral agencies ........................................................... 24
Gross disbursements and credit reflows........................................................ 26
total use of the multilateral system............................................................ 26
use of the multilateral system by non-DAC countries ............................................. 31
Chapter 3. Multilateral Aid Policies of DAC Donors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Multilateral partners ....................................................................... 34
Multilateral strategies ...................................................................... 35
Managing multilateral assistance ............................................................. 41
DAC peer review and other national review recommendations for multilateral engagement ............... 42
Allocation and scaling up of multilateral aid .................................................... 43
Chapter 4. Bilateral and Multilateral Allocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Geographical distribution of oDA ............................................................ 47
Distribution of oDA by income of partner country ............................................... 49
Distribution of oDA by sector................................................................ 50
Multilateral aid to health and infrastructure..................................................... 51
Multilateral allocation systems ............................................................... 53
Chapter 5. International Organisations that Receive ODA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
proliferation of organisations ................................................................ 59
From the global to the tiny................................................................... 60
Agriculture, livestock and fisheries organisations ................................................ 60
Chapter 6. Multilateral Fragmentation and Opportunities for Better Division of Labour . . . . . . .65
Multilateral concentration and fragmentation at the global level..................................... 65
Multilateral concentration and fragmentation at partner country level ................................ 69
in-country division of labour ................................................................ 73
Reflections on division of labour among multilateral organisations .................................. 76
DAC RepoRt on MultilAteRAl AiD, 2008 – © oeCD 2009
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Chapter 7. Multilateral Aid Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
paris Declaration – Are the multilaterals on track? ............................................... 78
Multilateral organisations performance Assessment network (MopAn) ............................. 82
internal performance monitoring in multilateral organisations...................................... 83
Common performance Assessment System (CoMpAS) ........................................... 84
iFAD report on development effectiveness...................................................... 85
Bilateral agency assessments of multilateral organisation effectiveness............................... 86
Further reflections on assessment tools ........................................................ 88
Chapter 8. Partner Country Views on Multilateral Organisations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
perceptions of multilateral performance........................................................ 92
Reflections on partner country views.......................................................... 94
Chapter 9. Reforms in the Multilateral System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
“Delivering as one”: united nations at the country level .......................................... 96
Reforming the Bretton Woods institutions11..........................................................................................100
Reforms in regional development banks....................................................... 102
external aid management reform in the european Commission .................................... 103
Reflections on multilateral reforms........................................................... 104
Appendix . DAC Donors’ Multilateral Aid: Trends and Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Australia................................................................................ 108
Austria ..................................................................................113
Belgium .................................................................................117
Canada................................................................................. 121
Denmark ............................................................................... 125
european Commission......................................................................131
Finland................................................................................. 135
France.................................................................................. 139
Germany ................................................................................143
Greece ................................................................................. 148
ireland ................................................................................. 152
italy ................................................................................... 156
Japan .................................................................................. 159
luxembourg............................................................................. 164
netherlands ............................................................................. 168
new Zealand .............................................................................173
norway..................................................................................178
portugal ................................................................................ 182
Spain .................................................................................. 186
Sweden................................................................................. 192
Switzerland ............................................................................. 196
united Kingdom ......................................................................... 201
united States ............................................................................ 205
DAC RepoRt on MultilAteRAl AiD, 2008 – © oeCD 2009
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Boxes
Box 2.1. Definitions and main categories of multilateral institutions ................................... 21
Box 2.2. DAC data collection from multilateral agencies............................................. 29
Box 3.1. ireland’s rationale for multilateral engagement.............................................. 35
Box 3.2. Sweden’s multilateral strategy .......................................................... 37
Box 3.3. Switzerland’s multilateral strategy ....................................................... 38
Box 3.4. ilo perspective...................................................................... 40
Box 3.5. Management of european Commission assistance........................................... 42
Box 3.6. DFiD performance funding ............................................................ 43
Box 3.7. uK and Spain – Scaling up aid to multilateral organisations................................... 45
Box 4.1. Multilateral development bank resource allocation systems ................................... 54
Box 4.2. united nations Development Assistance Framework (unDAF) ............................... 56
Box 6.1. Harmonisation and division of labour in uganda............................................ 73
Box 6.2. international principles of good practice on in-country division of labour........................ 74
Box 6.3. Development partnerships and division of labour in tanzania ................................. 75
Box 7.1. Multilateral organisations performance Assessment network (MopAn) approach to assessing the
effectiveness of multilateral organisations................................................. 83
Box 7.2. professional peer reviews of the evaluation function in multilateral organisations.................. 84
Box 9.1. Joint donor mission to selected “Delivering as one” pilot countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Box 9.2. “Delivering as one” in Mozambique .................................................... 100
Figures
Figure 0.1. Gross ODA by DAC member countries 1987-2006 ........................................ 12
Figure 0.2. Relationship between bilateral, non-core and core multilateral oDA in 2006 ................... 13
Figure 2.1. Gross oDA provided by DAC member countries 1987-2006................................. 22
Figure 2.2. DAC member countries’ multilateral oDA as share of total oDA 1987-2006 ................... 23
Figure 2.3. Multilateral oDA disbursements by DAC member countries 2004-06......................... 23
Figure 2.4. Multilateral oDA as share of total oDA by DAC member countries
(excluding debt relief) ............................................................... 24
Figure 2.5. DAC member countries’ multilateral oDA (core contributions) to major agencies 1987-2006....... 25
Figure 2.6. oDA gross disbursements (core contributions) and reflows 1997-2006, cumulative
(excluding debt relief) ............................................................... 27
Figure 2.7. non-core funding provided to multilaterals, 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Figure 3.1. DAC member countries: Advantages of and priorities for engaging with multilateral agencies...... 34
Figure 4.1. Distribution of multilateral and bilateral aid by region 2006................................. 48
Figure 4.2. Distribution of bilateral and multilateral aid to fragile states 2006............................ 48
Figure 4.3. Multilateral non-core funding by region and fragile states 2006.............................. 49
Figure 4.4. Distribution of bilateral and multilateral aid to countries by income 2006...................... 50
Figure 4.5. Distribution of bilateral and multilateral aid by sector 2004-06 .............................. 50
Figure 4.6. Multilateral non-core funding by sector 2006 ............................................ 51
Figure 4.7. Multilateral aid to the health sector by country income and agency, 2004-06.................... 52
Figure 4.8. Multilateral aid for infrastructure and services 2004-06.................................... 52
Figure 5.1. Founding of international organisations by decade and sector................................ 60
Figure 6.1. Composition of gross multilateral oDA 2005 and 2006..................................... 66
Figure 6.2. number of multilateral agencies per country 2005-06 ..................................... 68
Figure 6.3. number of multilateral agencies collectively contributing less than 10% of a country’s aid, 2005-06 68
DAC RepoRt on MultilAteRAl AiD, 2008 – © oeCD 2009
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Tables
table 2.1. Core contributions provided by DAC member countries to the major multilateral agencies, 2004-06.. 25
table 2.2. non-core funds channelled through multilaterals: Creditor Reporting System and donor estimates .. 28
table 2.3. norway’s core contributions to multilateral agencies and aid channelled through multilaterals, 2006 ... 31
table 2.4. non-DAC donor oDA, 2004-06........................................................ 32
table 2.5. Korea: Core contributions to multilateral agencies and aid channelled through multilaterals . . . . . . . . 33
table 5.1. international agriculture, livestock and fisheries agencies receiving oDA....................... 62
table 6.1. Concentration of multilateral agencies, 2005-06 ........................................... 67
table 6.2. Country programmable aid by donor and partner country, 2005-06............................ 71
table 7.1. paris Declaration indicators and targets for multilateral donors ............................... 80
table 7.2. Responses of 54 partner countries to the 2008 monitoring survey of progress on the paris Declaration... 81
table 7.3. Multilateral progress 2006–08 on nine indicators .......................................... 82
DAC RepoRt on MultilAteRAl AiD, 2008 – © oeCD 2009
ACRonyMS – 7
Acronyms
AAA Accra Agenda for Action
AfDB African Development Bank
AfDF African Development Fund
AMCs Advance Market Commitments
AsDB Asian Development Bank
AsDF Asian Development Fund
BADeA* Arab Bank for economic Development in Africa
BMZ* Federal Ministry for economic Co-operation and Development (Germany)
CABei Central American Bank of economic integration
CarDB Caribbean Development Bank
CeB Chief executives Board for Coordination (un)
CGiAR Consultative Group on international Agricultural Research
CiDA Canadian international Development Agency
CpA Country programmable Aid
CpiA Country policy and institutional Assessment
CRS Creditor Reporting System (oeCD)
DAC Development Assistance Committee (oeCD)
Danida Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark
DFiD Department for international Development (uK)
DG Directorate General
DoCo Development operations Coordination office (un)
Dol Division of labour
DpG Development partners Group (tanzania)
eBRD european Bank for Reconstruction and Development
eC european Commission
eCHo european Commission's Humanitarian Aid office
eCoSoC economic and Social Council (united nations)
eCoWAS economic Community of West African States
eDF european Development Fund
eu european union
DAC RepoRt on MultilAteRAl AiD, 2008 – © oeCD 2009
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GAVi Global Alliance for Vaccines and immunization
GeF the Global environment Facility
Gni Gross national income
HipC Heavily indebted poor Country (World Bank initiative)
iAti international Aid transparency initiative
iBRD international Bank for Reconstruction and Development
iCpD international Conference for population and Development
iCRC international Committee of the Red Cross
iDA international Development Association
iDB inter-American Development Bank
iDB Sp.Fund inter-American Development Fund for Special operations
iDCD inter-Departmental Committee on Development (ireland)
iFAD international Fund for Agricultural Development
iFFim international Finance Facility for immunisation
iFis international Financial institutions
ilo international labour organization
iMF international Monetary Fund
iMF-pRGF international Monetary Fund – poverty Reduction and Growth Facility trust
ioM international organization for Migration
JMAp Joint Management Action plan (Bretton Woods institutions)
lDC least Developed Country
lHi legal Harmonisation initiative
liC low-income Country
MDBs Multilateral Development Banks
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MDRi Multilateral Debt Relief initiative
MeFF Multilateral effectiveness Framework
MfDR Managing for Development Results
MiGA Multilateral investment Guarantee Agency
MopAn Multilateral organisations performance Assessment network
nepAD new partnership for Africa’s Development
oCHA office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (un)
oDA official Development Assistance
oDi overseas Development institute (uK)
oeCD organisation for economic Co-operation and Development
oei organización de estados iberoamericanos
oHCHR office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
opeC organization of the petroleum exporting Countries
oSCe organization for Security and Cooperation in europe
pAF performance Assessment Framework
pBA performance Based Allocation
pius project implementation units
DAC RepoRt on MultilAteRAl AiD, 2008 – © oeCD 2009
ACRonyMS – 9
pMF performance Management Framework
RBM Results Based Management
RBSA Regular Budget Supplementary Account
RC Resident Coordinator
SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Co-operation
SeCAB Secretaría ejecutiva del Convenio Andrés Bello
SeCo State Secretariat of economic Affairs (Switzerland)
SWAp Sector-Wide Approach
tCpR triennial Comprehensive policy Review
the Global Fund the Global Fund to Fight AiDS, tuberculosis and Malaria
un united nations
unAiDS Joint un programme on HiV/AiDS
unCt un Country team
unDAF un Development Assistance Framework
unDG un Development Group
unDp un Development programme
unDpKo un Department of peacekeeping operations
unep un environment programme
unFpA un population Fund
unHCR office of the un High Commissioner for Refugees
uniCeF un Children’s Fund
uniDo un industrial Development organisation
uniFeM un Development Fund for Women
unoDC un office for Drugs and Crime
unRWA un Relief and Works Agency for palestine Refugees in the near east
untA un Regular programme of technical Assistance
WADB West African Development Bank
WFp World Food programme
WHo World Health organization
* Acronym in original language.
DAC RepoRt on MultilAteRAl AiD, 2008 – © oeCD 2009