Multiculturalism and Public Arts Policy

248 Pages·1993·12.96 MB·English

by  David Pankratz

MULTICULTURALISM
AND
PUBLIC ARTS POLICY
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MULTICULTURALISM
AND
PUBLIC ARTS POLICY
DAVID B. PANKRATZ
BERGIN & GARVEY
Westport, Connecticut • London
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pankratz, David B.
Multiculturalism and public arts policy / David B. Pankratz.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-89789-361-1
1. Ethnic arts—United States. 2. United States—Cultural policy.
I. Title.
NX730.P36 1993
700'.89-dc20 93-25008
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available.
Copyright © 1993 by David B. Pankratz
All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be
reproduced, by any process or technique, without the
express written consent of the publisher.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 93-25008
ISBN: 0-89789-361-1
First published in 1993
Bergin & Garvey, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881
An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.
Printed in the United States of America
The paper used in this book complies with the
Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National
Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984).
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
To the Memory
of My Parents
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Contents
Tables ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction: Policy Contexts in the Arts 1
1. Multiculturalism and Arts Policy Research 9
Definitions of Culture, Ethnicity, and Multiculturalism 9
The Rise of Interest in Multiculturalism 18
Emerging Issues and Arts Policy Research 23
2. Foundations of Policy Research Methodologies 29
Epistemological Foundations: Challenges to Positivism 29
Logical Foundations: Definitions and Criteria
for Evaluation 33
Issues in Justifying Policy Goals and Means 37
The Potential of Conceptual Analysis in Policy Research 45
Conclusion: A Methodology for Analyzing Multiculturalism
and the Arts 47
3. An Interpretation of Arts Policy Mechanisms 51
Rationale for Focus on State Arts Agencies 51
Definition of Policy Mechanism Options 60
Goals, Eligibility, Criteria, and Guidelines
in Grant Programs 66
Decision Makers in Grant Programs 82
Special Initiatives, Special Programs, and
Distributive Pluralism 95
Policy Mechanisms and Values Issues 107
4. Conceptual Issues, Multiculturalism, and Arts
Policy Mechanisms 119
Perspectives on the Ideal of Cultural Pluralism 119
Relations between Art and Culture 132
viii Contents
Arguments for Affirmative Action in Arts Policy 147
Multiple Meanings of the Value of the Arts 164
Analysis and Evaluation of Arts Policy Mechanisms 184
5. Epilogue: Prospects for Policy Research in the Arts 197
Bibliography 203
Index 221
Tables
1 Relative Attractiveness of Arts Activities
to Private Funding 56
2 Budget Size of Culturally Diverse Arts
Organizations in the United States 57
3 Reliance of Culturally Diverse Arts Organizations
on Grant Monies as a Percentage of Their Budgets 57
4 Percentages of SAAs Having Goals in Goals Statements 67
5 Percentages of SAAs That "Won't Fund" Specific Activities 70
6 SAA Funding Categories and Rate of Eligibility
of Arts Organizations 72
7 SAA Funding Categories and Rate of Eligibility
of Nonprofit, Non—Arts Organizations with Arts
as a Primary Purpose 72
8 SAA Funding Categories and Rate of Eligibility
of Nonprofit, Non-Arts Organizations 73
9 Project Grants Evaluative Criteria and Percentage
of SAAs Utilizing Specific Criteria 76
10 SAA Boards: Percentages of Ethnic Group Members
on SAA Boards 85
11 SAA Panels: Percentages of Ethnic Group Members
on SAA Panels 86
12 SAA Staff: Percentages of Ethnic Group Members
on SAA Staff 88