Multiantenna Systems for MIMO Communications (Synthesis Lectures on Antennas)

267 Pages·2006·30.98 MB·English

by  Franco DeFlaviis

Multiantenna Systems for
MIMO Communications
Copyright© 2008byMorgan&Claypool
Allrights reserved.Nopartofthispublicationmay bereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedin
anyformorbyanymeans---electronic,mechanical,photocopy,recording,oranyotherexceptforbriefquotations
inprintedreviews,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.
MultiantennaSystemsforMIMOCommunications
FrancoDeFlaviis,LluisJofre,JordiRomeu,andAlfredGrau
www.morganclaypool.com
ISBN:9781598290882 paperback
ISBN:9781598290899 ebook
DOI:10.2200/S00104ED1V01Y200803ANT007
APublicationintheMorgan&ClaypoolPublishersseries
SYNTHESISLECTURESONANTENNAS#7
Lecture#7
SeriesEditor:ConstantineA.Balanis,ArizonaStateUniversity
SeriesISSN
ISSN1932-6076 print
ISSN1932-6084 electronic
Multiantenna Systems for MIMO
Communications
FrancoDeFlaviis
UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine
LluisJofre
UniversitatPolite`cnicadeCatalunya
JordiRomeu
UniversitatPolite`cnicadeCatalunya
AlfredGrau
UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine
SYNTHESIS LECTURES ONANTENNAS #7
M
&C &
Morgan Claypool Publishers
iv
ABSTRACT
Advancedcommunicationscenariosdemandthedevelopmentofnewsystemswhereantennatheory,
channel propagationandcommunication modelsareseenfromacommon perspectiveasaway to
understand and optimize the system as a whole. In this context, a comprehensive multiantenna
formulationformultiple-inputmultiple-outputsystemsispresentedwithaspecialemphasisonthe
connectionoftheelectromagneticandcommunicationprinciples.
Startingfromthecapacityforamultiantennasystem,thebookreviewsradiation,propagation,
andcommunicationmechanisms,payingparticularattentiontothevectorial,directional,andtime-
frequency characteristics of the wireless communication equation for low- and high-scattering
environments. Based on the previous concepts, different space--time methods for diversity and
multiplexing applications are discussed, multiantenna modeling is studied, and specific tools are
introduced to analyze the antenna coupling mechanisms and formulate appropriate decorrelation
techniques.Miniaturizationtechniquesforcloselyspacedantennasarestudied,anditsfundamental
limitsandoptimizationstrategiesarereviewed.Finally,differentpracticalmultiantennatopologies
fornewcommunicationapplicationsarepresented,anditsmainparametersdiscussed.
Arelevantfeatureisacollectionofsynthesisexercisesthatreviewthemaintopicsofthebook
and introducesstate-of-theart system architecturesand parameters,facilitating itsuse eitheras a
textbookorasasupporttoolformultiantennasystemsdesign.
KEYWORDS
multiantennasystems,MIMO,channelcoding,radiochannel,antennamodeling,
antennadiversitytechniques,decorrelationnetworks
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Preface
Sincethelastdecade,multiantenna wirelesscommunication systemshavegainedastronginterest
in both the academic and industrial sectors. Also known in the literature as multiple-input
multiple-output(MIMO)[1] wirelesscommunicationsystems,theyusemultiportantennasatthe
transmitter and/or the receiver to increase the transmission rate and the strength of the received
signal, as compared with traditional single-input single-output systems, which use one transmit
antennaandonereceiveantenna.Mostimportantly, thesegainscomewithnoadditionalincrease
in bandwidthortransmissionpower[1], whichare scarceresources;rather,theycome atthecost
ofsystemcomplexity.
Thisbookprovidesamultidisciplinaryapproachto theanalysisanddesignofmultiantenna
systems for MIMO communications, including principles from systems theory, coding theory,
radio channel theory, and antenna theory. Note that the term multiantenna system is used in a
wide sense because we use it to refer to any multiport antenna system in which each port can
be associated with distinct and physically separated antennas [2], distinct polarizations [3,4], or
differentradiationpatterns[5,6].Basedonthepreviousconcepts,differentspace--timemethodsfor
diversityandmultiplexingapplicationsarediscussed.Also,themodelingofmultiantennasystemsis
studiedandspecifictoolsareintroducedtoanalyzetheantennacouplingmechanismsanddifferent
decorrelation techniques. Miniaturization and mutual coupling for closely spaced antennas are
studiedanditsfundamentallimitsandoptimizationstrategiesreviewed.Finally,differentpractical
multiantennatopologiesfornewcommunicationapplicationsarepresentedanditsmainparameters
discussed.

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Organization of the Book
InChapter1,wereviewtheprinciplesandfundamentalconceptsofmultiantennacommunication
systems. In Chapter 2, we discuss the properties of the radio channel. We also review specific
channelmodelsfortheanalysisandsimulationofMIMOsystems.Chapter3reviewssomeofthe
fundamental MIMO channel coding techniques and the figures of merit that are used to assess
the performance of MIMO communication systems from a coding perspective. In Chapter 4,
we explain the modeling of a multiantenna system, and give performance measures involving
antenna parameters.Chapter4 also reviewsthe fundamental limitationsimposedby antennas.In
Chapter 5, design criteria and procedures for optimal performance of the multiantenna systems
withinaMIMO communicationsystemareexposited.Chapter6concludesthisbook,presenting
someparticulardesignexamplesanddiscussingtheperformanceofdifferentmultiantenna system
topologies.

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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Pete Balsells, founder of Balseal Engineering, who has built bridges between
California and Catalonia through the creation of the Balsells Fellowship and the California
Catalonia Engineering Innovation Program, and Dr. Roger H. Rangel, chair of the Mechanical
and Aerospace Engineering Department of the Henry Samueli School of Engineering at the
UniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine(UCI), whohasmadethesebridgesworkandhasmadepossible
thefruitfulcollaborationbetweenUCIandtheUniversitatPolitècnicadeCatalunya(UPC),which
hasresultedinthisbook.
Finally,theauthorsthankJavierRodriguezDeLuis,MarcJofre,StanDossche,andSantiago
Capdevilafortheirhelpinrevisingthebook,testingsomeoftheexamples,andeditingthefigures.