Muhammad b, Masud al-Ayyashi - A 4th Century 10th Century Shi'i Commentary of the Quran, II of III

358 Pages·29.233 MB·English, Arabic

by  Muhammad b, Masud al-Ayyashi

MUHAMMAD B. MASPD
AL-'AYYASHi
Tafslr al-Ayyashl
A Fourth/Tenth Century
ShVi Commentary on the Qur'an
VOLUME II
Translated by
Nazmina Dhanji
Edited by
Wahid M. Amin mF® 、
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Introduction by
Meir M. Bar-Asher
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MUHAMMAD B. MASPD
AL^AYYASHI
Tafsir al-Ayyashl
A Fourth/Tenth Century
Shici Commentary on the Qur'an
Translated by
Nazmina Dhanji
Edited by
Wahid M. Amin
Introduction by
Meir M. Bar-Asher
VOLUME II
AMI PRESS
Contents
Volume i
Preface
Introduction
1. Al-cAyyashFs Life and Work
1.1 Work V
Al-<Ayyashfs Commentary on the Qufan vi
1.1.1
Manuscripts and Printed Editions of
1.1.2
Tafsir al-'Ayyashi viii
Tafsir al-^yyashi as a prominent representation of
1.1.3
the pre-Buwayhid ImamI ShVi school of Exegesis viii
ami Press
60 Weoley Park Road, Selly Oak 2. The question of the integrity of the Qu,an xi
Birmingham, B29 6rb 3. The Qur^an as a multilayered and polyvalent text xvii
United Kingdom 一---■ xix
4. The Imam as the primary authority for Qufan interpretation
© ami Press 2020
5. CCoonncclluuddiinngg RReemmaarrkkss xxvi
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission,
in writing, of ami Press, or as permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the Prelude 2
appropriate rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the On the Virtues of the Qufan 2
law above should be sent to ami Press at the address above. Casting aside reports {riwdydt) that contradict the Qur an
TThhee CCoonntteenntt ooff wwhhaatt hhaass bbeeeenn rreevveeaalleedd iinn tthhee QQMufaann 26
First published 2020
The meaning of the terms 'abrograting' (al-ndsikh), abrogated
(al-mansukhVthe apparenf (泌她D "he hidden (a-bating
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ------
the ambiguous, (al-muhkam) and 'the unambiguous' (al­
Vol. 1 ISBN 978-1-8380320-7-4
Vol. 2 ISBN 978-1-8380320-8-1 mutashabih) 30
lied Recitations of the Qufan
Vol. 3 ISBN 978-1-8380320-9-8 The Interpretation of the Seven Reve：
Set ISBN 978-1-8380320-6-7
having various aspects 36
References to the Imams in the Qur1 an 36
Designed and typeset by Titus Nemeth, assisted by Doris Lang
The Imams and their Knowledge of the Qur'an's Interpretation 56. The Imminent Event 476 8& The Towering
57- Iron 480 Constellations 550
(ta'wil) 40
On Those Who Interpret The Qur'an Accord• i. ng Teo Tmh eir Oc_w___n 58. The Dispute 486 87. The Most High 554
61. Solid Lines 49。 9O・ The City 558
O--p--in--i-o-n- •5。
On the Reprehensibility of Using the Qur'an for the Purpose of 65. Divorce 494 92. The Night 562
66. The Prohibition 500 93・ The Morning
Disputation S4
67. Sovereignty 504 Brightness 566
3. The Family of'ImrHn 406 68. The Pen 508 94- Relief 570
1. The Opening 58
4. Women 536 74. Wrapped in his Cloak 512 97- The Night of
2. The Cow 74
75. lhe Resurrection 516 Ordainment S74
76. Man 520 102. Rivalry for More 578
Volume 2 78. The Announcement 53。 104. The Slanderer 582
80. He Frowned 534 105. The Elephants 586
The Feast 2 9. The Impunity 378 81. Shrouded in Darkness 538 106. Quraysh 590
6. Livestock 154 10. Yunus 492 83. Those Who Give Short 107. Common Kindness 594
7. The Heights 236 11. HHuudd 542 Measure 542 114. People 598
8. The Battle Gains 320 12. Yusuf 604 84. The Ripping Apart 546
Bibliography 601
Volume 3 Index of Groups, Sects and Tribes 607
Index of Names 611
13. The Thunder 2 28. The Story 398 Index of Places 627
14. Ibrahim 52 29. The Spider 404 Index of Subjects 629
15. Hijr 94 31. Luqman 408
16. The Bee
124 35. The Creator 412
17. The Children of Israel
174 36. WSn 416
18. The Cave 278
37- Ranged in Rows 424
19. Mary 352
38. Sad 434
20. Ta-ha 356
39. Be Throngs 440
21. The Prophets 360
42. Consultation 446
22. The Pilgrimage 366
43- Ornaments of Gold 450
23. The Believers
374
48. Triumph 456
24・ Light 380
52. The Mountain 462
2S・ The Criterion
384
54- The Moon 466
26. The Poets 388
55- The All-Compassionate
27- The Ants 392
Lord 470
The Feast
----------------
5. The Feast
1. From Zurara b. A*yan, from Abu Ja'far t^S? who said, “Ali b. Abi Talib, may
God's blessings be upon him, said that the Chapter of the Feast (surat al- :计朋心从^ 彳也 @1 Cx 古 : 嗥!! 寸 /〈W Cx.bbj w .'
ma'ida) was revealed two or three months before the Prophet 嘶 passed
away? .企岛 I嘴妙 o' cJj
There is also another narration from Zurara from Abu Jacfar「魏 to that
effect. 〔 I
2. From 'isa b. cAbd Allah, on his father's authority, on his grandfather's au­
thority, from cAli 混 who said, 'Certain parts of the Qur'an would abro­
gate other parts based on the Prophet's command of what the latest of it [to
be revealed] was. The last thing to be revealed to him was the Chapter of
®JJ*** Jy le^*-1 〃 cd^i-b Ajjl ja\ 〃 (jlfLzIj cly24U
the Feast (surat al-md'ida), which abrogated what came before it and was
not itself abrogated by anything else. It was revealed to him whilst he was
mounted on a grey mule, and the revelation was so weighty upon him that it c^L^2JI dJj bAlb I* <3^111
made the mule stop and slump to the ground until its belly was touching the
earth and causing the Messenger of God 嚏 to faint, such that he had to rest #顷*0勺券3关切*4b参，皿? J也 参/
his arm on Shayba b. Wahab al-Jamhfs head. Later, when the Messenger of
/ dU诺弁〈顷qi 白•矽1移耕。应参格川由
God 德 came around, he read the Chapter of the Feast {surat al-ma'idd) for
us, so the Messenger of God 镯 acted upon it and so did we.'
.以£ &悉;Ajjl (SXllI iJ广 少 IJoi〈皴 创
3・ From Abu al-Jarud, from Muhammad b. 'Mi who said, 'Whoever reads
the Chapter of the Feast {surat al-m^idd) every Thursday, his faith will not
be obscured b•.y transg- ression,, nor will hej ever associate anything with God? (Kci 波KI :JI5〈「乂JI 食尹小田顼芋-r
.3我邸他破!剧卜坤
2
5. The Feast
由苛T gi 疽苛4白.R 苛@必1勺』u. /
[From Sam^a] from Ismael b. Abl Ziyad al-Sakuni, from Ja'far b. Muham-
mad, on his father's authority 嗥 wh。said, 'There is no instance of < Oyou .顶J曲I " wy * AG项顷她3（J么:凛
who believe^ in the Qufan that is not found in the Torah as “0 you poor
people.”' [5:1]
:」&心岫白顶|好（>^切瑚心淫ji/ ,0
From al-Nadr b. Suwayd1, from one of our associates, from 'Abd Allah b.
Sinan who said, ‘I asked Abu 'Abd Allah about God's verse: < You who
・履I ： J15网沪^成拱8 j瞄g ：鬲3知顶/隰
believe, fulfil your obligations.殆⑴ He said, “[It means] Your pledges.”'
There is another narration like it from Ibn Sinan. [5:1]
6. From 'Ikrima that he said, 'Every single time that God, may His mention be
exalted, reveals: < Oyou who believe*, cAli b. Abi Tllib 嗥？ is at the forefront
ofit? [5:1]
.嗥5
7- From 'Ikrima, from Ibn 'Abb9s who said, 'Every single time that the verse:
^0you who believe^ was revealed, 'Ali was its chief and its commander.
God has censured the companions of Muhammad 禳 elsewhere, but He
has only ever mentioned 'Ali with goodness? [5:1]
.V
8. From Jacfar b. Ahmad2, from aPAmraki b. 01i, from £Ali b. Ja(far b. 嗥块另 k? c&K* J( 8 —314)1 撰^ 可心事9
Muhammad, from his brother Musa r^1, from 'Ali b. al-Husayn r琴 who
said, 'There is no instance of ^Oyou who believe^ in the Qur'an except it is
found in the Torah as "0 you poor people.”' [5:1]
9- F• 2ro贝m Mmuuihidaimiimmaadu bD.. MMuusslliimm,, ffrroomm oonnee ootf tthhee ttwwoo [[IImmaammss aall--BBaaqqiirr or al- D >*>• & 由芋样 lx 4^1-A
乎p- -吧1* 1 .t1h at- th e sa.i«d regard-i. ng God's verse: ^Livestock animals are l二awful as
foodforyou^ 'This includes the animal still in the womb at the time thatits
"技刈段瓦:d&（危!1 <?・皆了仃淳
- - ■ —_ . VA A iA V JL'G
mother is slaughtered? [5:1]
・项且闻11拾3 J舟
1 出-Nadr b. Suwayd al-Sayrafi, a reliable and .j &矣疔论也山pi j咬屏:J&〈《‘CUM匕^
Ka晋zim:.S"ee 瑚他蜘皿岫 283(nM*：wort"mpanion 叩皿
2 Thgere *are severalnarrators in the works of ShFi r网 with this name.
4
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5. The Feast
From Zurara, from Abu Ja^ar who said about God's verse: ^Livestock
are the foetuses which are still in
animals are lawful as food for you J, 'They
the cattle's wombs. The Commander of the Faithful 嗥！ used to order the
foetuses to be sold? [5:1]
From Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr who said, 'One of our associates
11.
narrated from Abu ‘Abd Allah, regarding God's verse: ^^LLiivveessttoocckk aanniimmaallss
are lawful as food for you^ that he said, "If the foetus in the womb of its
mother already has hair or wool, then slaughtering its mother for consump­
.必＞ 431
tion makes it fit for consumption too.”' [5:1]
From Wahb b. Wahb3, from Ja*far b. Muhammad, on his father's authority,
12.
.'Y
that 'Ali r瘪 was asked about eating the flesh of elephants, bears, and mon­
keys, and he replied, 'These are not from among livestock animals that can
be consumed? [5:1]
From al-Mufaddal who said, *1 asked al-Sadiq 唳 about God's verse: ^Live­
13. y《土J夕：D盘血E其办Wi白L:JB〈必1芦・w
stock animals are lawful as food for you.夕 He replied, “The livestock here is
the guardian, and the cattle are the believers.”' [5:1]
・以义：*由心/ lilb ：JS戒夕部
From Musa b. Bakr, from one of his associates, that Zayd b. 'AH once went
14.
to AbU Ja'far 嘿 bringing with him letters from the people of Kufa in which
they were inviting him to come to them, and informing him of their having
gathered [ready to fight] and requesting him to come out to join them. So
・用!臼兴给/^，件0A包另&，代』砂 砂IW #
Abd Ja'far c魏 said, 'God, Blessed and most High, has made certain things t
permissible, and He has prohibited certain things; He has provided ex­
y加心户（为&北j>'小心&侦冰S ：嗥Ar项J国
amples and established certain practices. He has not let the Imam that is
knowledgeable about His command be in any obscurity whatsoever about
the obedience that God has made incumbent, that he should proceed with & &妇I b 4）114^1 虺）外ui"，仁 Av
an action before its prescribed time, or rise to fight before it has been made
心 :七妇y出Ms%项 *京阳巫约A —・
permissible. God has said concerning hunting game:« do not kill game while b
Q注Q
3 Abu al-Bakhtari Wahb b. Wahb b. *Abd Allah b. Zum'a b. al-Aswad b. al-Muttalib b. *Abd
al-'Izzi (d.ca. 200/815), a hheeaavviillyy ccrriittiicciizzeedd SSuunnnnii nnaarrrraattoorr ooff IImmaamm JJaa''ffaarr dal--S§aaddiiqq who
would fabricate many traditions and lie against the Imam who was his step-father. He was
aappppooiinntteedd aass aa jjuuddggee bbyy tthhee AAbbbbaassiidd CCaalliipphh HHaarruunn aall--RRaasshhiidd.. See Hilli, Khulasat al-aqwal,
414 (nr. 1679)； Modarressi, Tradition and Survival, 389-91 (nr. 214).
6
V