Muhammad b, Masud al-Ayyashi - A 4th Century 10th Century Shi'i Commentary of the Quran, I of III

335 Pages·22.146 MB·English, Arabic

by  Muhammad b, Masud al-Ayyashi - A 4th Century 10th Century Shi'i Commentary of the Quran, I of III

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MUHAMMAD B. MASPD
AL^AYYASHI
Tafslr al-Ayyashl
A Fourth/Tenth Century _
_
Shri Commentary on the Qur'an
_
_
_ B
一
VOLUME III
Translated by
Nazmina Dhanji
Edited by
Wahid M. Amin
Introduction by
Meir M. Bar-Asher

MUHAMMAD B. MASCUD
AL-'AYYASHI
Tafslr al-Ayyashl
A Fourth/Tenth Century
Shici Commentary on the Qur'an
Translated by
Nazmina Dhanji
Edited by
Wahid M. Amin
Introduction by
Meir M. Bar-Asher
VOLUME III
AMI PRESS
Contents
Volume i
Preface
Introduction i
1. Al-AyyashFs Life and Work i
Work
1.1 V
1.1.1 Al^AyyashFs Commentary on the Qu^an vi
1.1.2 Manuscripts and Printed Editions of
Tafsir al-cAyyashi viii
1.1.3 Tafsir al-Ayyashi as a prominent representation of
ami Press
the pre-Buwayhid Imami Shi'i school of Exegesis viii
60 Weoley Park Road, Selly Oak
Birmingham, B29 6rb 2. The question of the integrity of the Qufan xi
United Kingdom 3. "The Qur^n as a multilayered and polyvalent text xvii
©ami Press2020 4. The Imam as the primary authority fbr Qur'an interpretation xix
5. Concluding Remarks xxvi
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmined, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission,
in writing, of ami Press, or as permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the Prelude
2
appropriate rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the
On the Virtues of the Qur'an 2
law above should be sent to ami Press at the address above.
Casting aside reports (riwayaf) that contradict the Qufan
22
First published 2020 The Content of what has been revealed in the Qu^an 26
The meaning of the terms 'abrograting' {al-ndsikh), 'abrogated'
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Librar
,y
(al-mansiikh), {the apparent' {al-zahir), "the hidden' (al-batin),
V0I.1 isbn 978-1-8380320-7-4 'the ambiguous' (al-muhkam) and "the unambiguous' (al-
Vol. 2 isbn 978-1-8380320-8-1 mutashabih) 30
Vol. 3 ISBN 978-1-8380320-9-8
Set The Interpretation of the Seven Revealed Recitations of the Qur'an
ISBN 978-1-8380320-6-7
having various aspects 36
Designed and typeset by Titus Nemeth, assisted by Doris Lami g References to the Imams in the Qur'an 36
The Imams and their Knowledge of the Qur'an's Interpretation 56. The Imminent Event 476 85. The Towering
（ta 同）40 57- Iron 480 Constellations 550
rv ■,夕 | -
On Those Who Interpret The Qur'an According To Iheir Own 58. The Dispute 486 87. The Most High 554
61. Solid Lines 490 90. The City 558
Opinion so
Reprehensibility of Using the Qu fan for the Purpose of 65. Divorce 494 92. The Night 562
On the ]
Disputation S4 66. The Prohibition Soo 93. The Morning
67. Sovereignty 504 Brightness 566
1. The Opening 58 3- Ihe Family of^ran 406 68. Ihe Pen 508 94- Relief 570
The Cow 74 4- Women 536 74. Wrapped in his Cloak $12 97- The Night of
2.
75. The Resurrection 516 Ordainment S74
76. Man 520 102. Rivalry for More 578
Volume 2 78. The Announcement 53。 104. The Slanderer 582
80. He Frowned 534 105. The Elephants 586
5. The Feast 2 9- The Impunity 378 81. Shrouded in Darkness 538 106. Quraysh 590
6. Livestock 154 10. Yunus 492 83. Those Who Give Short 107. Common Kindness 594
7. The Heights 236 11. Hud $42 Measure 542 114. People 598
8. The Battle Gains 320 12. Yusuf 604 84. The Ripping Apart 546
Bibliography 601
Volume 3 Index of Groups, Sects and Tribes 607
Index of Names 611
13. The Thunder 2 28. The Story 398 Index of Places 627
14. Ibrahim 52 29. The Spider 404 Index of Subjects 629
15. Hijr 94 31. Luqman 408
16. The Bee 124 35. The Creator 412
17. Ihe Children of Israel 174 36. Ya-Sin 416
18. Ihe Cave 278 37- Ranged in Rows 424
19. Mary 352 38. Sad 434
20. Ta-ha 356 39- The Throngs 440
21. Ihe Prophets 360 42. Consultation 446
22. The Pilgrimage 366 43- Ornaments of Gold 450
23. Ihe Believers 374 48. Triumph 456
24. Light 380
52. The Mountain 462
25. Ihe Criterion 384
54. The Moon 466
26. The Poets 388
55- The All-Compassionate
27. Ihe Ants 392
Lord 470
The Thunder
N___
13. The Thunder
From *Uthman b. cIsa,from al-Husayn b. Abi al-'A反 from Abu 'Abd Allah 嗥
who said, 'Whoever reads the Chapter of the Thunder {surat al-ra(d) fre­
quently will never be struck by a thunderbolt, even ifhe is an enemy of the 顶 JA :J15 “淳 侦 W 〃引项 &. JyJJ JP &・ &拱/ ・、
Ahl al-Bayt (nasibi\ for there is truly no one worse than the nasibi. And ifhe
is a believer, then God will make him enter Paradise without having to give
account, and he will be able to intercede for all the believers that he knows
t. x /
from among his family and friends? 4LLI 4jjl 也》nI
2. From Abu Labid al-Makhzumi, from Abu Ja'far who said, "Abu LabTd,
the disconnected letters of the Qu fan contain a comprehensive knowl­
edge -God, Blessed and most High, revealed ^Alif Lam Mim.夕 and
Muhammad 嘴 rose until his light was manifest and his words established. 4JJI ujbl I: J151 jl £ Jj .¥
He was born when one hundred and three years had passed since the sev­
2扬疾参藉食「施《二匕^1我! J吟:项4；侦
enth millennium.'
Then he continued, 'Ibis has been elucidated in God's book through the
disconnected letters if you count them without repetition. There is not a .(jy-*** 乙4jI« ^jA ^2^ j3jjJJj
single letter of these disconnected letters that does not count the passage
of days until the Qalm from the Banu Hashim [comes] when they have all crib < /夕 乙 ISLaaIzIli 虺 4)1 ：(J&f
come to pass?
Then he said, {The Alif represents the number one, the Lam thirty, the
Mm forty, and the Sad ninety. That makes one hundred and sixty-one. The
beginning of al-Husayn b.〈Ali's uprising was marked by: ^AlifLam Mim. >
When the time for 让 comes, the insurgent from the progeny ofal^Abbas will
e progeny of al^Abbas will
:se to power upon iAlifLam Mim Sad^ OurQa^m will rise when [those 顷 少。乂JI 涉 &. (3 g 以b
days] pass with iAlifLam Rd^ so grasp 诉 well, be alert to it and
conceal n? [13:1]
_> WLiijl Xp ifclS 4^0 ^1' XP ^LmJI jJj ""15 f & C-JtL
r
i3. The Thunder
From al-Husayn b. Khalid who sai-d丁, i asked Abu al-Hasan al-Rida "Tell 如 E cZ J产1 ：嗥 0勺 CJ5 :JIS& QI 苛 .r
3・ abo^God^s words: {by the sky with its pathways.此⑸⑺ He replied,
me : 七胡 侦刘—a琢匕. *以叱立匕,
motioning by interlacing his fingers, “It i• s ti* g1h tl1 y attachL e■ dd to the ear th.w b
it be tightly attached to the earth when He says: (He
I asked, “How can i
芬钎*甘耳沁g.豹邸豪旅: dlHi
no visible supports^ So he said, “Glory be to God
raised up the heavens with
no visible sup ports'?” I said, “Yds.” So he said, “So
-so has He not said: 'with
:* ＜咤00买名气沁以 么］扇启y: j由 ＜《电/Q
there are supports, they are just invisible."
So I asked, aBut how can that be?” So he stretched out his left palm, then
.成汶下: 或J
placed his right one above it, saying；,, ““TThhiiss iiss tthhee lloowweerr eeaarrtthh,, aanndd tthhee lloowweerr j
sky is a dome over it.”' [13:2]
From al-Khattab al-A'war1 who, without mentioning his source, cited
4-
someone vested with knowledge and deep understanding from the family
of Muhammad - peace be upon him and his family - as having said, '[The
phrase]:《There are, in the land, neighbouring plots means that this fertile
land here lies next to the barren land there, though they are not the same, ：J& aJIj Jjtl』yISjLI
・£
just like people can neighbour each other but not be of the same group?
[13：4] 径111 IajjLi 史切I «£房匕争
5. From Mas'ada b. Sadaqa, from Ja'fhr b. Muhammad on his father's authority, • 顷 V F
on his grandfather's authority who said, 'The Commander of the Faithful 凝
said, "This verse was revealed about us: ^Butyou are only there as a wam-
er: each(c ommunity has their guide^ for the Messenger of God 嘴 had said,
.o
'I am the;wamer and you are the guide, 'Ali. So the guide, the salvation and
匕/孑出买占匕境砂1 心了 ％ ：嘤
±e prosperity will all come from us until the Day of Resurrection.'”'
[13：7]
6. From lAbd al-Rahim al-Qasir2 who said, 'One day, I was with AbuJ^far 嘤 .心顷旧 第。3 静顷风泞旧匕侦迎心:囊；/l
aanndd hhee ssaaiidd,, a“7'A'bd al-Rahim.w I said, "At your service !M He said, “God's verse:
^Butyou are only the\
■re 必 a earner： each community has their guide^ -the
Messenger of God 辕 said, 土罚:典黎乒3］心 W :J6
am the Warner and 'Ali is the guide； but who
is the guide today ?n
JI5个奶匕,角已1匕块:由E :JI5 cdJO ：3 ^)\
1 幻^北 b. *Abd Allah al-Hamdani al-A\var 厂
about whom there is little biographical infor-
2忠mation, 盖嵩。甲岫5赢SeeKh%亦福忘慕一
《乡5 李? jxLI kl» 4敖创
血。3ft康零;w篇hom忡 there归 is lit岫tle bi。o帅graphi心cal ingformatgion, nafrratded th f
* I was himself an important source for Ibn Abi 'Umayr's
narrations. SeeKhtilM枷,1O：387 (nr. 6484).
4
13. The Thunder
He said, 'I remained silent fbr- a while, then I lifted up my head and said, 控侦Rc/』与白I■:生侦1&蝉＜ 沙&3：Jg
--------- it refers to you, and that you inherited it from each
"May I be your ransom -
此er the other until it has ended up with you. So, you - may I be
other, one a J ・ 』与 cAxi- CjE(dJUI y I 参危
your rans om〜 --are the guide.”
He said, aYdu are right, lAbd al-Rahim. The Qur'an is alive and does not 上砂 、a!＞-淼板 M J拽 芒/ QICJ妇:J&
die, and the verse is alive and does not die. If it were to do so along with
the passing away of the people that it was revealed about, then the Qur'an 4 8-站房Wp幻卜成如"拽cjii侦l「顶Vy cJj
would surely die. However, it applies equally to current people just as it did
to those who have passed away.”'
'Abd al-Rahim said, ^bu 'Abd Allah 澳 said, “The Qur'an is alive and
does not die, and it runs its course just as the day and night, and the sun and 氐宓■珂9，以.* B：混赤ly项J6 ：^)\ y Jgj
the moon run their course. It will apply to the last among us just as it applied
.由占cfW乱卢由商力想/ 0
to the first people.,^ [13:7]
From Hanan b. Sadir, from Abu Jacfar 潺J. He said, *1 heard him say regard­
7-
ing the verse of God, Blessed and most High: 4 But you are only there as a 勺侦浏山M J共勺:j&曜_＞守项户履/jj&Q匚苛.v
luamer: each community has their guide*, "The Messenger of God •建 said,
'I am the warner and cAli is the guide, and each Imam is the guide fbr the
generation that he lives in.”" [13:7]
8. From Burayd b. Mucawiya, from Abu Jacfar 嗥？ who said with regard to
God's verse: But you are only there as a warner: each community has their
guide》, 'The Messenger of God, peace be upon him and his family, said, “I 八二cj 匕罗:d 质 4II 轻拱y 苛初 / .A
am the warner, and there will be an IImmaamm ffrroomm aammoonnggsstt uuss ffoorr eevveerryy era
who will guide people to what God's Prophet brought. The guides after «^贝代I》：&落 aSI j J15 ：J旧,处匕a再
him 讪1be 'All then the successors after him, one after the other. By God,
it [i.e. the task of guidance] will never move away from us and will remain
A*)
with us until the Final Hour. The Messenger of God is the warner, and the
guided ones are guided by <Ali.,n [13:7] cf心四"均血心均cJIJ % L匕冬•赤卯1尹板
9- From Jabir, from AbuJaTarr^ who said, 'The Prophet 嘴 said, “I am the
wamer andfAll is the guide to my authority.”' [13:7]
6 V
13. The Thunder
From Hariz who, without mentioning his source, cited one of the two
:4Jjl (3 (・',
io.
[al-Baqir or al-Sadiq], peace be upon them both, as having said regard­
.段*匕j:匕拧上一^匕5 觅
ing God's verse: {God knows what every female bears and how inuch their
•w•opm Jb-s--- --s---h- rink or s、we吟,'Shrink,•i ng ref广e-一r s_ dto— g〜e♦sta:tioccncs; .tLheat*t lleaesf"t lloecsos than
/壮《厦5匕殄土 切:其 :
-;to whatever exceeds nine months. When- ji
nine months, and swelling refers
-istruation blood during her pregnancy, the term ofher
ever she sees any mens
gestation increases bI yr the number of days that she bled? [13:8] ci 2' j "v ‘’’上(川 o'jcjSj c
From Zurara, from Abuja^r and Abu 'Abd Allah, peace be upon them both,
n.
who said regarding His verse: <( God knows what every female bears'^, mean­
ing whether male or female, # and how much their wombs shrink or siue吟,
'Shrinking refers to that which falls short of the period of gestation, and
\\
swelling is that which exceeds it, and this is proportionate to the number of
w泗:芸n: JH :匕应I上n匕舟洛顶辱点笋
days that she sawblood during her pregnancy? [13:8]
Muhammad b. Muslim, Humran and Zurara, from the two [Imams] who •圳〃心|儿如:〈3罗 切 t Jill
12.
said, 'Whatever she bears, be it male or female, # and how much their wombs
shrink^ - whatever does not continue into full-term pregnancy, and swell­
静］宿i盈D妙
ing refers to what which exceeds a single baby girl or boy.' [13:8]
Lx 心•' 丫
From Muhammad b. Muslim who said, 'I asked Abu 'Abd Allah about
13.
God's verse:《God knows what every female bears and how much their wombs
shrink. )> He replied, “Whatever does not result in a full-term pregnancy;
^orswells'^ refers to both male and female together."' [13:8]
：4jjl ES'宦II :JIS &洛苛 ・《
2 , 1
•小苫贝务:戒§沂3》攵卜L:JB虽匕上须担 3
From Zurara, from Abu 'Abd Allah r瘪 who said regarding God's verse:
4 God knows what every female bears )», 'Of male and female, and how much
their wombs shrink^ - whatever is less than nine months, which is prema­
ttuurree,, ^4o orrs swweellllss '^ -一 aannyy bblloooodd tthhaatt sshhee sees during her pregnancy makes it :顶3*^工匕卜W* 寮嘤由Q项苛包质w ・'£
exceed nine months, whether she bleeds for five days,or more, or less; that
is how much it adds on to the nine months/ [13:8]
.近点 I & dA! 5 nlj t 9项 * r 圳 2〕j CU”
8