Mughal and Persian Paintings and IIIustrated Manuscripts in the Raza Library, Rampur

414 Pages·2006·85.444 MB·English

by  Barbara Schmitz & Ziyaud-Din A. Desai

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MUGHAL AND PERSIAN PAINTINGS
AND
ILLUSTRATED MANusClllPTS
IN
llAzA
THE LIBRARY' RAMPUR
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MUGHAL AND PERSIAN PAINTINGS
AND
ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS
IN
THE RAZA LIBRARY' RAMPUR
Barbara Schmitz
Zlyaud-Dln A. Desai
*
INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE ARTS
NEW DELHI
,!II!,
i
RAMPUK IlAzA LIBRAKY
RAMP UR
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ARYAN BOOKS INTERNATIONAL
NEW DELHI Original from
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MUGHALAND PERSIAN PAINllNGS AND lll.USTRATED MANUSCRIPTS IN
1HE RAZA UBRARY, RAMPUR
ISBN-81-7305-278-6
C Rampur Raza Ubruy, Rampur .tc Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delhi
No reproduction or translation of this book or part thereof in any form, except brief
quotations, should be made without the written permission of the
copyright holders and the publishers.
First published in 2006 by:
INDIRA CANDID NATIONAL CENTRE FOR TIIE ARTS
Central Vista Mess, Janpath, New Delhi - 110 001
RAMPUR RAZA UBRARY
Rampur
aOO
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Foreword
At the beginning of 1997, the exhibition of the painters, showing an Uzbek envoy (Plate 29), and the
PiidsbiJbnama from The Royal Library, Windsor Castle many other portraits from the 17th-19th centuries will
opened at the National Museum, New Delhi. The come as wonderful surprises to those interested in Indian
exhibition was very popular and well attended, and art throughout the world. Further highlights oft he Rampur
received favourable comments from Indian scholars and Collection are enumerated by Dr. Schmitz in her
the press. However, there was a complaint often voiced introductory essay (pp. 1-10).
by these same people: "What a pity it is that all the best A second worthwhile aspect of this publication is
pieces of Indian painting have been taken out of our that it gives a detailed inventory, with measurements
country, and are now in European and American and descriptions of some five thousand paintings and
collections!" miniatures held in the Raza Library. As part of the
With this thorough publication of the Mughal and inventory process, the IGNCA photographer made
Persian paintings and illustrated books in the Raza photographs of the contents of all the Albums and an
Library, Rarnpur, we learn that the loss of our national IGNCA team microfilmed most of the illustrated
treasures is not as 'total' as the critics voiced, but that manuscripts (these resources can be used by qualified
our Indian collections of Mughal paintings are barely scholars, in Delhi, at the IGNCA Library). This means
known to our own people. Perusing the 330 plates for that scholars and students of art know what is in the
this survey of the Rampur collection, we see seven collection without having to blindly look through the
miniatures from the great jabangirnilma (Plates 1-7), collection to find Items of interest to them (and thus there
considered by many as the greatest of all Mughal is less exposure of the delicate paintings to wear and
illustrated manuscripts; other institutions would feel tear). This inventory will also help a great deal in
lucky if they have even one painting from this seminal minimizing possibilities of interference with works of
book. And that is but one example of the richness of this art in fragile and precious paper.
collection. Two of the finest manuscripts of the Akbar The Raza Library project was begun in 1993, at a
period are in the Raza Library: a work on astrology meeting between former Member Secretary Dr. Kapila
Tarjama-t Strr aJ-maklUm (Plates 13-19) with seven very Vatsyayan and then Fulbright Senior Research Scholar
large pain~ and one hundred and fifty small ones by Dr. Barbara Schmitz. At this time, Dr. Schmitz presented
member of Akbar's painting atelier around 1580, and a checklists of illustrated manuscripts she had compiled
Diviln-t lfaft:f (Plates 168-174) with eleven miniatures during her visits to several Indian libraries and museums.
by his best court artists painted in Lahore about 1585, But it was Dr. Vatsyayan's vision and energy that got the
published here with much new scholarship. Many fine project off the ground. She secured the necessary
portraits were found in the 35 albums. A frank painting permissions from the Governor of Uttar Pradesh and the
of the aging Jahangir at the jbarokba towards the end of other members of the Raza Library Board. She invited
his life (Plate 46) and a drawing by the artist 'A.bid, Dr. Schmitz to come back to India for six mondls as a
considered by some scholars to be the finest of all Mughal fellow of the Indira Gandhi NatlonaJ Centre for the AJts
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vi MUGHAL AND PERSIAN PAINTINGS AND ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS IN 1llE RAZA LIBRARY, RAMPUR
to undertake the supervision of the documentation of Din A. Desai, the eminent scholar of Perso-Arabic
the Raza Library collection and to complete her research epigraphy, was persuaded to come out of retirement to
on the Rampur collection. When the manuscript was make translations of colophons and endorsements in
complete and vetted, Dr. Vatsyayan secured the money the manuscripts; we were all saddened by Dr. Desai's
to underwrite the publication. Among the many death in March 2002. Our thanks are also due to
successful projects she undertook during her long tenure Dr. Lalit Gujral, Honorary Adviser at IGNCA until his
as Academic Director of IGNCA, this long awaited retirement in September, 2003, for guiding the project
catalogue of the Raza Library paintings and illustrated and especially for his essay in this volume, on the
manuscriprs cannOl but add luster to her legacy. history of the Nawwabs of Rampur and their libraries
My heartfelt thanks to Dr. Barbara Schmitz for her and also the more recent activities of the Raza Library.
cooperation and sustained interest in the project during During the past years, Dr. Advaitavadini Kaul has
the long years of maturation, editing, and publishing of kept the momentum of the publication going forward.
this complex and lengthy book. We appreciate the interest All the other people who have rendered valuable help
and help of Akbar Ali Khan Arshizadeh, Curator of the and aided Dr. Schmitz in this work also deserve our
Raza Library, until his death in October 1997. Dr. Ziyaud- sincere thanks.
Dr. K.K. Cbaknmuty
Dated: 19.07.2005 Member Secretary,
Place: New Delhi Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
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Contents
Foreword
Ltst ofP lates
Acknowledgements
1be Development ofR ampur SlaJe and 1be Ram Library by Lalit M. Gujral
Highlights of the Collection by Barbara Schmitz 1
Abbreviations, Transliterations, Conversion of Dates 11
1111! AIJIVMS
1. Mughal and Pahari paintings. Sixteenth-nineteenth centuries 15
2. Tarjama-t Strr al-maktUm. Mughal. Ca. 1580 20
3. Mughal, Deccani, Rajasthani, Persian, and Bukharan paintings. Sixteenth-nineteenth centuries 27
4. Mughal, Deccani, and Persian paintings. Sixteenth-nineteenth centuries 30
34
5. Mughal, Deccani, Lucknow, Farrukhabad and Persian paintings. Flfteenth-nineteen!h centuries
6. JliiBamiUa. Lucknow. Ca. 1790-1800 37
7. Mughal paintings mo5tly from Lucknow. Second half of the eighteenth-nineteenth centuries 38
8. Mughal paintings mo&ly from Lucknow. Nineteenth century 39
9. Mughal, Deccani, Farrukhabad, Lucknow, and Rajasthanl paintings. Sixteenth-nineteenth centuries 40
10. Mughal, Rajas!hani, and Pahari paintings. Seventeenth-nineteenth centuries 43
11. Mughal, Rajas!hani, and Sikh paintings. Seventeenth-nineteenth centuries 44
12. Paintings of Indian holy men. Eighteenth-nineteenth centuries 45
13. Mughal, Deccani, and Persian paintings. Sixteenth-twentieth centuries 47
14. Mughal, Deccani, and Sikh paintings. Seventeenth-nineteenth centuries 50
15. Mughal, Company, and Sikh paintings. Sixteenth-nineteenth centuries 52
16. Mughal and Persian paintings. Sixteenth-nineteenth centuries 54
17. Mughal and Company paintings. Eighteenth-nineteenth centuries 55
56
18. Mughal and Rajasthani paintings. Eighteenth-nineteenth centuries
19. Jlasamiila. Lahore. Third quarter of the nineteenth century 57
20. Mughal, Pahari, and Rajasthani paintings. Eighteenth-twentieth centuries 58
21. Pahari (Kangra style) paintings. Nineteenth century 59
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viii MUGHAL AND PERSIAN PAINTINGS AND ILLUS'lllAll!D MANUSCRIPTS IN 1liE RAZA UBRARY, RAMPUR
22. Ragamalil. Lucknow. Mid-nineteenth century (?) 60
23. Modem Indian paintings. Fi.rst half of the twentieth century 61
24. Company paintings. Nineteenth century 61
24bts. Company paintings. Nineteenth century 62
25. Modem Indian paintings. Fi.rst half of the twentieth century 62
26. Ragamalil. Fi.rst half of the twentieth century 63
27. Ragamalil. Fi.rst half of the twentieth century 63
28. Modem Indian paintings. First half of the twentieth century 64
.)
29. 'Pornographic paintings. Pahari (Kangra). First quarter of the nineteenth century 64
30. Pornographic paintings. Delhi or Lucknow. Ca. 1825 . 65
31. Pornographic paintings. Rajasthani (?). First half of the twentieth century 65
32. Pornographic paintings. Lucknow(?). First half of the twentieth century 65
[There is no Album 33; possibly, Album 24bts.l 65
34. Colored drawings of flowers. Late nineteenth/first half of the twentieth century 65
35. Ragamalil. First half of the twentieth century 66
1111! I.EAVES
EJabty-ooe WUDOWlted ptlndnp andcbawlnp 71
MualwlManmcripa.al•U-otb seventecotbcienturla 79
l.1 Divan of Shams al-Din Mulµmmad, of Shiraz. Lahore. 1585-95. (P.3277) 79
l;lif~.
l.2 $uwar al-kawillttb by al-$ufi, 'Abd al-~ ibn Omar. 1590-1610 (A.3699) 82
l.3 'Aja'tb al-makb/Uqiit wa gbarii'tb aJ-maU!Jiidat by al-Qazwini, Zakariya ibn Mulµmmad 83
ibn MaJ.unud. 1000/1591-92. (A.4601)
l.4 Sbmn va Farbadby Ghini'i. 1615-25. (P.4233) 85
1.5 Koltsbilstm, a Persian paraphrase of the Sanskrit Rattmbas of Koka Pandit, by Khwajagi Shirvani. 86
103211622. (P.1542b)
I.6 MayalaPs al-akbar by Harmas al-~ri and Mana.ft' al-aJ,jar by 'Utarid ibn Mulµmmad al-l:lasib 87
al-K.atib al-Falaki. Fi.rst half of the seventeenth century. (A.4243)
Deuanl Manmcripa. sb:'""nth-nln.ctecotb cienturla 90
Il.l 'Aja'tb al·makbUqiit wa gbarii'tb aJ-maU!fiidat by al-Qazwini, Zakariya ibn Mulµmmad 90
ibn MaJ.unud. 979/1571. (A.4600)
Il.2 Bahar-t dilnt.sb by 'Inayat-Allah Kanbo. 114211729. (P.3062) 95
11.3 Ramayana. 124211826-27. (Misc.3) 97
M. ...... Maou9crlpG, e1Rhtecntb-twenddh cienturles 108
DELHI
Ill.I 'Abdnama-t safa#n-t Gbori va Kbalfi. 1236/1821. (P.2055) 108
W.2 'Abdnama-t salii(in-t Tugbluq. 1234/1819. (P.2056) 109
m.3 '.Abdnama-t safa#n-t Lodi va Sildat va .AJkban. 1235/1819. (P.2057) 110
ill.4 Nal Daman by Fayc.fi, Abu al-Fay<.f ibn Shaykh Mubarak al-Akbarabadi. Ca. 1825. (P.4228) 111
ID.5 Mir'at al-asbbab-t sala(in-t asman1tlb or Kursinama-t 7imuriya by Mulµmmad Fakhr 111
al-Din J:lusayn Dihlavi. 1271/1885. (P.2026)
lll.6 'Aja'tb al·makb/Uqiit wa gbarii'tb aJ-maU!fiidat by al-Qazwini, Zakariya ibn Mulµmmad 113
ibn Mal_unUd, in an anonymous Persian translation. First half of the nineteenth century. (Misc.50)
LUCKNOW
ill.7 Gult.stan and BUstiln by Sa'di, Abu 'Abd-Allah Musharrif al-Din ibn M~, of Shiraz. 113
1200/1785-86. (P.2997)
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CONTENTS ix
m.8 fangnama-t ~I al-Dau/a. 1211/1796-97. (P.434lb) 114
m.9 Cbandamni by Mul)ammad Khan. 1237/1821-22. (P.4359) 114
~-i
m.10 Yilsuf M Zulaykbil by Jami, Nur al-Din 'Abd al-Ral:im3n. Second quarter of the nineteenth century. 115
(P.4177)
m.11 l:fusn 'lsbq by Ni'mat Khan, Nur al-Din MuJ:iammad ibn l;iakim Da'ud al-Srurazi. 116
M
Third-quaner of the nineteenth century. (P.3073)
m.12 Bayil4-t asb'ilr-i gbamza-i avval-i Pari Paykar, Mid-nineteenth century. ([Old] P.942). 116
BENGAL
IIl.13 RilJ!at al-jams by Mukhl~. Anand Rim. Late eighteenth century. (P.1554) 117
ill.14 IMJ!at al-jams by Mukhl~, Anand Rim. Late eighteenth century. (P.1555) 118
m.15 MUsb gurlJa by 'Ubayd-i zakani, al-Din, al-Qazwini, Late eighteenth century. (P.4122) 118
M N~m
BENARAS
111.16 Rtyi,14 al-madbilbib by Mathura Nath Malwi Bratunin. Circa 1228/ 1813. ([Old] P.394j) 118
RAMP UR
ill.17 Durj-t 'anbarln by Mul)ammad Kalb-i 'Ali Khan Bahadur kbuld ilsbtyiln, Nawwab of Rampur. 119
Ca. 1886. (Ur.128)
ill.18 Musaddas-ijiln Sillltbor Musaddas-i M"1r Yar 'Ali Khan Lakhnavi, known as 120
~rby ~a.l)ib
Jan ~i)ib. 1281-1304/1865-87. (Ur.1229)
ill.19 TQ..Wir al-lugbat by Mulµmmad Al)san 'Ali Khan. 1315/ 1897. (Ur.222) . 122
ill.20 Mtr'ilt al-aWf!a' or Sultan al-/?tkilyilt by Munshi Ulji ibn Munshi Shitil Parshad ibn Munshi 122
Shiv Kumar, of Kara. 1337/ 1918-19. (P.2149)
COMPANY S1YLE
ill.21 Miftill!-t sipilbgari by M"1r MuJ:iammadi Ri<;lavi Jaunpfui. 1237/1821-22. (P.1815j) 124
ill.22 BUstiln-t tJaz by 'Abd-Allah 'Raunaq" ibn Mul:iammad Aqa Kurdistani. 1272/1856. (P.4365) 124
m.23 T~vir-t gulbil-t vtlilyati. Nineteenth century. (Collection number M.K.9328). 125
PROVINCIAL S1YLES
m.24 TUfinilma by l;>iya al-Din al-Nakhshabi al-Bada'uni. 1149/1737. (P.3038) 125
ill.25 Tali'nilma by Abu al-Khayr MuJ:iammad al-Taqi ibn Mul:wnmad al-Parisi. 1216/ 1801. (P.1646) 127
m.26 MUsb gurlJa by 'Ubayd-i lakani, Nii;:lm al-Din, al-Qazwini. Nineteenth century. (P.4123) 128
M
ill.27 'Ajil'tb al-makbUqilt wa gbam'tb al-marqUdilt by al-Qazwini, Zakariya ibn Mulµmmad 129
ibn Mal)lnud, in an anonymous Persian translation. Second half of the nineteenth century. (Misc.51)
m.28 Dbakbim-t Isllandari. 1246/ 1831. (P.1580) 129
ill.29 Dhakbim-t lsllandamni by Mulµmmad Baqir Najm-i Thani. 1254/1838-39. (P.1581) 130
ill.30 Dbakbim-t lskandamni by Mulµmmad Baqir Najm-i Thani. 1292/1875. (P.1582) 131
ill.31 An unidentified treatise on the zodiac, talismans, and magic. 1096/1684-85, but miniatures 132
added in the nineteenth century. (A.3477, fols. 141-57)
ill.32 Haft-aumng by Jami, Nur al-Din 'Abd al-Ral:im3n, incomplete. Copied 972-77/ 1565-71, with 133
miniatures added in the nineteenth century. (P.4156b)
111.33 Diviln of Kamal al-Din ibn Mas'ud known as Kamal-i Khujandi. 1007/ 1599, with miniatures 134
added in the late nineteenth century. (P.3307)
ft
m.34 Kitilb Ma'rlfat al-/?iyal al-bandasiya by al-Jazari, lsrn:i'il ibn al-Razzaz, Eighteenth century(?). 134
(A.3690)
LAHORE
ill.35 Sbam'-t anjuman by Bulaq Beg Naqshbandi. 1234/1819. (P.3076) 135
m.36 Ku/JtyiU of Sa'di, Abu 'Abd-Allah Musharrif al-Din ibn Mu~liJ:i, of Shiraz. 1244/1828. (P.3226) 136
m.37 . lskandamilma by al-Din Abu Mulµmmad lly:is ibn Yusuf, of Ganja. 137
Ni~mi. N~m
v.s. 1890/A.H. 12~.D. 1833. ~-3975) Original from
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x MUGHAL AND PERSIAN PAINTINGS AND ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS IN THE RAZA LIBRARY, RAMPUR
111.38 Shilbnama by Tawakkul ibn Tulak Beg. 1254/1838. (P.3923) 138
Khu~-t
111.39 Mahabharata (Razmnama), translated into Persian at Akbar's court and abridged by 139
an unknown compiler. Ca. 1835. ((Old) P.630)
111.4-0 Tavarikb-i Sulaymani and Btlqis. 1260/1844. (P.1885) 14-0
~-t
111.41 Shilbnama by Tawakkul ibn Tiilak Beg. Ca. 1840-50. (P.3924) 14-0
Khu~-t
m.42 Shilbnama by Firdausi, Abu al-Qasim, of Tiis. Ca. 1840-50. (P.3917) 142
ID.43 Ladbdbat al-ntsa by J;>iya al-Din Nakhshabi al-Bada'uni. Ca. 1840-50. (P.1S41) 144
ID.44 Baznama by Da'ud ibn Yar Mulµmmad known as Khuda Yar Khan ('Abbasi1. Ca. 1840-50. 144
(P.1577)
111.45 'Afa'ib al-makblUtjat wa ghara'tb al-mawjildilt by al-Qazwini, Zakariya ibn Mulµmmad 144
ibn Mal;unud. Third quarter of the nineteenth century. (Misc.49)
111.46 Divan of Nawwab Yusuf 'Ali Khan, with the pen name Na~. 1278/1862. (Ur.loo6) 144
ill.47 Mtbr va Mab by M'1r Mulµmmad 'Askari Khwafi, known as 'Aqil Khan Rizi ibn M"1r Mulµmmad 145
Taqi. V.S. 1926/A .H. 1285/A .O. 1869. (P.4276j)
m .48 Shah va gadil by Hilali, Badr al-Din, of Astarabad. Ca. 1869-73. (P.4199) 146
111.49 Vamtq va 'Adhra' by ~arfi, Shaykh Yu'qub Kasluniri. 1290/ 1873. (P.4216) 146
KASHMIR
111.50 Khusrou va Shirin by Nii;:'im al-Din Abu Mulµmmad llyas ibn Yiisuf, of Ganja. 147
N~.
1216/1801-02. (P.3970)
Ilyas
111.51 Haft pay/ear by Ni:i;:'imi, Ni:i;:'im al-Din Abu Mulµmmad ibn Yusuf, of Ganja. 148
1216/1801-02. (P.3996)
m.52 Divan of J;Iafi:i;, Shams al-Din Mulµmmad, of Shiraz. 1217/1802. (P.3290) 149
111.53 Divan of 'Abd al-Rai)man, known as Ral;unan Baba. 1219/1804-05. (Pu.8) 150
llI.S4 Divan of l;Iafi:i;, Shams al-Din Mul:iammad, of Shiraz. Ca. 1800. (P.3291) 153
llI.55 lfamla-yi lfaydari by Badhil, M"lfZ:'i Mulµmmad Rafi' ibn Mal;unud Mashhadi. Ca. 1825. 1S4
(P.4297)
111.56 lfamla-yi lfaydari by Badhil, M'lfZ:'i Mulµmmad Rafi' ibn Mal;unud Mashhadi. Ca. 1810-25. 155
(P.4298)
llI.57 Vamtq va 'Adbra' by Qatili. Ca. 1800-20. (P.4156) 155
111.58 Bayil4 al-asb'ar. First quarter of the nineteenth century. ({Old) P.827) 157
Ilyas
111.59 Kbusrou va Sbirin by Ni~, Ni7;3m al-Din Abu Mulµmmad ibn Yiisuf, of Ganja. 158
Ca. 1825. (P.3971)
m .60 Khusrau va Shirin by Ni:i;:'imi, Ni:i;:'im al-Din Abu Mulµmmad llyas ibn Yiisuf, of Ganja. 158
Ca. 1835. (P.3972)
111.61 Yi4suf va Zulaykba by Jami, Nur al-Din 'Abd al-Ral;unan. Ca. 1835. (P.4179) 158
111.62 Darabnilma or Tarikb-t Darabi by Abu Tahir Mul:iammad ibn l;lasan ibn ·Ali ibn Musa al-Tarsusi 159
and Qa4tl va qadar by MuI:iammad Ghularn Rasiil ibn l;Iafi:i; Shaykh 'Abd al-Ral:iim. Copied
ca. 1820-1830 in Kashmir, with miniatures added in the 1830's in Lahore. (P.3116b)
111.63 Khamsa by Nii;:'imi, Nii;:'im al-Din Abu Mulµmmad llyas ibn Yusuf, of Ganja. Ca. 1825. (P.3949) 161
lll.64 Ladbdbat al-ntsa by J;>iya al-Din al-Nakhshabi al-Bada'uni. Ca. 1825. (P.154-0b) 162
111.65 Shilbnama by Firdausi, Abu al-Qasim, of T\is. 1246/1830-31. (P.3916) 162
111.66 Divan of l;iafi:i;, Shams al-Din Mulµmmad, of Shiraz. 1247/1831. (P.3296) 163
TUs.
111.67 Shahnama by Firdausi, Abu al-Qasim, of 1254/1838-39, with miniatures probably painted in 164
Kashmir, 1860-80. (P.3918)
111.68 Khamsa by Ni:i;:'imi, Ni:i;:'im al-Din Abu MuI:iammad llyas ibn Yusuf, of Ganja. 1259/1843. (P.3947) 165
111.69 /skandarnama by Ni:i;:'imi, Ni:i;:'im al-Din Abu Mul).ammad llyas ibn Yusuf, of Ganja. 165
Ca. 1825-50 (P.3948)
111.70 Sbilbnama by Firdausi, Abu al-Qasim, of Tiis. Ca. 1840-50. (P.3915) 166
111.71 Sbuja'-i lfaydari by Mulµmmad l;Iaydar. Ca. 1850. (P.2439) 166
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