MTT Agrifood Research Finland

16 Pages·2013·0.31 MB·English

MTT Agrifood Research Finland Trial Report 2012 Herbicides, fungicides and insecticides

EVALUATION OF SPRING CEREAL HERBICIDES IN BARLEY AT MTT IN 2012

Study Director: Sanni Junnila

Trial ID Location Crop Experimental starting and completion
H-12-016-34 Jokioinen Barley, Saana 08/05/12 17/09/12

Purpose of trial: Efficacy and selectivity of nine different herbicide treatments in barley infested with
many weed species, including SONAR and CIRAR

SUMMARY

The selectivity and the efficacy of nine different herbicide treatments generally used in spring cereals in
Finland were tested in Saana barley variety infested with plenty of weed species, including rather even
coverage of Cirsium arvense (CIRAR) and Sonchus arvensis (SONAR). The field trial was carried out
according to GEP standards and relevant EPPO guidelines at MTT Agrifood Research Finland in
Jokioinen. Barley was drilled on May 8th and it was sprayed on June 8th at good weather conditions at
the tillering stage of the crop (BBCH22). At the application time the broad-leaved annual weeds were
from two leaves stage to the side shoot stage (BBCHA12-22) and CIRAR and SONAR had mainly from
3 to 6 leaves, some CIRAR plants already were at the stem elongation stage. The efficacy of herbicides
was assessed separately on nine weed species in total 38 days after the application. In addition, three
weeks after application the efficacy on CIRAR was assessed visually. An untreated control treatment
was included.

No phytotoxicity occurred in the barley plots sprayed with the mixture of Ratio and Tomahawk or with
Tooler. Some chlorosis occurred for one week in all other treatments (1-4 %) and slight shortening of
the crop for three weeks after application in the most herbicide treatments. The chlorosis symptoms
were most obvious in the plots sprayed with Logran 20 WG + Oxitril and with Sekator OD.
All treatments controlled the following weed species 90-100 %: Stellaria media, Chenopodiun album,
Galium spurium, Matricaria species, Capsella bursa-pastoris and dicot weeds in total (TTTDD). The
biggest differences were found in the efficacy on Lamiun purpureum; Mustang Forte and Cantor
remained it totally uncontrolled. Sekator OD decreased its biomass 85 %, but all other treatments 94-
100 %. None of the treatments controlled Viola arvensis statistically significantly, however, both
Logran 20 WG mixtures seemed to decrease its biomass by 70-80 %. Ratio and Express mixtures
with Tomahawk and Mustang Forte seemed to decrease the biomass of VIOAR about 50 %.
When assessed visually the efficacy on CIRAR three weeks after application, all treatments had
retarded its growth significantly, Logran with MCPA significantly more (93 %) than the two weakest
treatments Logran 20 WG with Oxitril (45 %) and Ratio 50 SX with Tomahawk (70 %). About three
weeks later none of the treatments controlled CIRAR anymore significantly. Tooler remained its
biomass uncontrolled and the decrease of biomass from 50 to 96 % was not statistically significant,
mostly because of big variation in the CIRAR coverage between the plots. Every treatment decreased
the number of SONAR statistically significantly from 50 to 99 %, and, all other treatments except the
mixture of Logran 20 WG + Oxitril (efficacy of 40 %) decreased also its biomass from 75 to 100 %. At
least in this barley trial drilled in the low tillage field, CIRAR seemed to be more difficult to control than
SONAR. Even its emergence period seemed to be wider when compared with that of SONAR.

The grain yield was very low, 3820 kg/ha, in the untreated barley plots because of very severe weed
infestation in the trial area. All herbicide treatments increased the yield statistically significantly by 32-
64 % (1230-2440 kg/ha), however, without any significant differences between the herbicide
treatments. The grain moisture at the harvest time was very high especially in the untreated plots and
in the plots with the highest amount of perennial broad-leaved weeds left. After grading the purity of
barley seeds was 96,4 % in the untreated plots and 98-99 % in the treated plots. All herbicide
treatments increased the hectoliter weight (1-2 %) and the seed size (3-5 %) statistically significantly.
MTT Agrifood Research Finland Trial Report 2012 Herbicides, fungicides and insecticides

FIGURES

Figure 1. The number and the air-dry biomass of dicot weeds in total, TTTDD, assessed on July 16th
38 DA-A treatment.
a
h
g/
k
D
L
E
YI

Figure 2. The spring barley yield harvested on August 21st. All treatments increased the grain yield
statistically significantly from 32 to 64 % compared to the yield in the untreated plots (3820 kg/ha).
MTT Agrifood Research Finland Trial Report 2012 Herbicides, fungicides and insecticides

a)

b)

Figure 3. The number and the air-dry biomass of a) Sonchus arvensis (SONAR) and b) Cirsium
arvense (CIRAR) assessed on July 16th 38 DA-A treatment. All treatments decreased the number of
SONAR and others but Logran 20 WG + Oxitril its biomass statistically significantly. The number and
the biomass of CIRAR were not decreased significantly with any of the herbicide treatments.
MTT Agrifood Research Finland Trial Report 2012 Herbicides, fungicides and insecticides

Figure 4. The efficacy on Cirsium arvense (CIRAR) assessed visually on June 28th 20 DA-A
treatment. All treatments controlled CIRAR statistically significantly, however, the mixture of Logran 20
WG + Oxitril significantly less than all other treatments.

Figure 5. The number and the air-dry biomass of Lamium purpureum (LAMPU) assessed on July 16th
38 DA-A treatment. Mustang Forte and Cantor did not control LAMPU.
18/10/12 (H-12-016-34) Confidential Trial Treatments Page 1 of 1
MTT Agrifood Research Finland
EVALUATION OF SOME HERBICIDE IN SPRING CEREALS
Trial ID:H-12-016-34 Protocol ID:H-12-016-34
Location:Jokioinen Study Director:Sanni Junnila
Project ID: Investigator:Pentti Ruuttunen
Sponsor Contact:
Trt Treatment Form Form Lot Rate Appl
No. Name Conc Type Code Rate Unit Code
1 Untreated
2 Logran 20 WG 200 WG 065387-AR-001 20 g/ha A
-triasulfuron 200 4 g AI
Oxitril 400 EC ENP3000580 0.5 L/ha A
-ioxynil 200 100 g AI
-bromoxynil 200 100 g AI
3 Ratio 50 SX 500 SG JAN06CE191 15 g/ha A
-thifensulfuron-methyl 333 5 g AI
-tribenuron-methyl 167 2.5 g AI
Tomahawk 180 EC 180 EC 11018065 0.4 L/ha A
-fluroxypyr 180 72 g AI
4 Mustang Forte 195 EC 5135761 0.75 L/ha A
-2,4-D 180 135 g AI
-aminopyralid 10 7.5 g AI
-florasulam 5 3.75 g AI
5 Tooler 714 WG 08-030009 50 g/ha A
-tritosulfuron 714 35.7 g AI
Sito Plus SL 24.5.10 0.1 L/ha A
6 Ariane S 260 SC X024150102 1.75 L/ha A
-MCPA 200 350 g AI
-fluroxypyr 40 70 g AI
-chopyralid 20 35 g AI
7 Sekator OD 375 OD EFKROOOO96 75 mL/ha A
-iodosulfuron 25 1.88 g AI
-amidosulfuron 100 7.5 g AI
-mefenpyr 250 18.7 g AI
Sito Plus SL 24.5.10 0.1 L/ha A
8 Logran 20 WG 200 WG 065387-AR-001 20 g/ha A
-triasulfuron 200 4 g AI
K-MCPA 750 SL TO30A10F12 1.0 L/ha A
-MCPA 750 750 g AI
9 Cantor 306.25 SE 4.6.09 0.4 L/ha A
-florasulam 6.25 2.5 g AI
-2,4-D 300 120 g AI
10 Express 50 SX 500 SG JAN10CE061 11.25 g/ha A
-tribenuron-methyl 500 5.6 g AI
Tomahawk 180 EC 180 EC 11018065 0.45 L/ha A
-fluroxypyr 180 81 g AI
Replications: 4, Untreated treatments: 1, Reference treatment number: 1, Conduct under GLP/GEP: Yes
(GEP with no protection), Design: Randomised Complete Block (RCB), Treatment units: Treated 'Plot'
experimental unit size, Dry Form. Unit: g/kg, Treated 'Plot' experimental unit size Width: 3 meters, Treated
'Plot' experimental unit size Length: 8 meters, Application volume: 200 L/ha, Mix size: 3 litres, Format
definitions: G-All7.def, G-All7.frm
23/10/12 (H-12-016-34) Confidential Site Description Page 1 of 5
MTT Agrifood Research Finland
EVALUATION OF SOME HERBICIDE IN SPRING CEREALS
Trial ID:H-12-016-34 Protocol ID:H-12-016-34
Location:Jokioinen Study Director:Sanni Junnila
Project ID: Investigator:Pentti Ruuttunen
Sponsor Contact:
General Trial Information
Study Director:Sanni Junnila Title:Research Scientist
Investigator:Pentti Ruuttunen
Discipline:H herbicide
Trial Reliability:high
Initiation Date:05/06/12 Planned Completion Date:15/12/12
Trial Location
City:Jokioinen Latitude of LL Corner °:60.81687NFIN70.088882 -59.804993
Longitude of LL Corner °:23.48483E 19.510555 -31.588928
Postal Code:FI-31600
Country:FIN Finland
Map Reference:WGS 84
Conducted Under GEP:Yes
No. Guideline Description
1. Phytotoxicity assessment
2. PP 1/152(3) Design and analysis of efficacy evaluation trials
3. PP 1/181(3) Conduct and reporting of efficacy evaluation trials including GEP
4. PP 1/93(2) Weeds in cereals
Objectives:
Evaluation of some herbicides in spring barley.
Conclusions:
The selectivity and the efficacy of nine different herbicide treatments generally used in spring cereals in Finland were tested in Saana
barley variety infested with plenty of weed species, including rather even coverage of Cirsium arvense (CIRAR) and Sonchus
arvensis (SONAR). No phytotoxicity occurred in the barley plots sprayed with the mixture of Ratio and Tomahawk or with Tooler.
Some chlorosis occurred for one week in all other treatments (1-4 %) and slight shortening of the crop for three weeks after
application in the most herbicide treatments. All treatments controlled the following weed species 90-100 %: Stellaria media,
Chenopodiun album, Galium spurium, Matricaria species, Capsella bursa-pastoris and dicot weeds in total (TTTDD). The biggest
differences were found in the efficacy on Lamiun purpureum; Mustang Forte and Cantor remained it totally uncontrolled. Sekator OD
decreased its biomass 85 %, but all other treatments 94-100 %. None of the treatments controlled Viola arvensis significantly. When
assessed visually the efficacy on CIRAR three weeks after application, all treatments had retarded its growth significantly, Logran
with MCPA significantly more (93 %) than the weakest treatments Logran 20 WG with Oxitril (45 %) and Ratio with Tomahawk (70
%). About three weeks later none of the treatments controlled CIRAR anymore significantly. Every treatment decreased the number
of SONAR statistically significantly from 50 to 99 %, and, all other treatments except the mixture of Logran 20 WG + Oxitril (efficacy
of 40 %) decreased also its biomass from 75 to 100 %. The barley yield in the untreated plots was very low, 3820 kg/ha, because of
very severe weed infestation. All herbicide treatments increased the yield statistically significantly by 32-64 % (1230-2440 kg/ha),
however, without any significant differences between the herbicide treatments. All herbicide treatments increased the hectoliter
weight (1-2 %) and the seed size (3-5 %) statistically significantly.
Personnel
Study Director:Sanni Junnila Title:Research Scientist
Affiliation:MTT Agrifood Research Finland
Address:Laboratorium, Uutetie 1
Location:Jokioinen, Finland
Postal Code:FI-31600 E-mail:[email protected]
Phone No.:[phone] Mobile No.:[phone]
Investigator:Pentti Ruuttunen
Cooperator/Landowner
Cooperator:MTT, Jokioinen Kartanot
23/10/12 (H-12-016-34) Confidential Site Description Page 2 of 5
MTT Agrifood Research Finland
EVALUATION OF SOME HERBICIDE IN SPRING CEREALS
Trial ID:H-12-016-34 Protocol ID:H-12-016-34
Location:Jokioinen Study Director:Sanni Junnila
Project ID: Investigator:Pentti Ruuttunen
Sponsor Contact:
Crop Description
Crop 1: HORVS Hordeum vulgare Spring barley
Variety:SAANA
BBCH Scale:BCER Planting Date:08/05/12
Planting Method:SEEDED seeded Rate, Unit:189KG/HA
Depth, Unit:5 CM
Row Spacing, Unit:12.5 CM
Seed Bed:COARSE coarse
Soil Moisture:DRY dry
Harvest Date:21/08/12 Harvest Equipment:Sampo
Harvested Width, Unit:2 m Harvested Length, Unit:6.8 m
Pest Description
Pest 1 Type:W Code:GALSP Galium spurium
Common Name:False cleavers
Pest 2 Type:W Code:STEME Stellaria media
Common Name:Common chickweed
Pest 3 Type:W Code:CHEAL Chenopodium album
Common Name:Fat-hen
Pest 4 Type:W Code:MATIN Tripleurospermum mar. inodorum
Common Name:Scentless mayweed
Pest 5 Type:W Code:SONARSonchus arvensis
Common Name:Field sowthistle
Pest 6 Type:W Code:CIRAR Cirsium arvense
Common Name:Creeping thistle
Site and Design
Plot Width, Unit:3m Site Type:FIELD field
Plot Length, Unit:8m PLANTplant
Plot Area, Unit:24 m2 Tillage Type:CONTIL conventional-till
Replications:4 Study Design:RACOBLRandomized Complete Block (RCB)
Untreated Arrangement:INCLUDED single control randomized in each block
No. Previous Crop Previous Pesticides Year
1. Horse bean Glyfophosate 2011
2. Barley Ariane S, Glyphosate 2010
3. Oat MCPA, Glyfosaatti 2009
Maintenance
Maintenance Rate
No. Date Treatment Name Rate Unit
1. 08/05/12 PE1 (N:27 P:3 K:3) 250 KG/HA
2. 29/06/12 Proline 250 EC 0.8 L/HA
Soil Description
% OM:4.35 Texture:SCsandy clay
pH:6.12
Additional Measured Elements
Element Quantity Unit
Ca 1972 MG/L
P 7.56 MG/L
K 221 MG/L
Mg 542 MG/L
23/10/12 (H-12-016-34) Confidential Site Description Page 3 of 5
MTT Agrifood Research Finland
EVALUATION OF SOME HERBICIDE IN SPRING CEREALS
Trial ID:H-12-016-34 Protocol ID:H-12-016-34
Location:Jokioinen Study Director:Sanni Junnila
Project ID: Investigator:Pentti Ruuttunen
Sponsor Contact:
Moisture and Weather Conditions
Closest Weather Station:Jokioinen Distance, Unit:811M
Application Description
A
Application Date: 08/06/12
Time of Day: 8:30
Application Method: SPRAY
Application Timing: POEMSE
Application Placement: BROFOL
Applied By: ME,AM,SJ
Air Temperature, Unit: 14.9 C
% Relative Humidity: 56
Wind Velocity, Unit: 1 M/S
Dew Presence (Y/N): Y yes
Soil Moisture: DAMP
% Cloud Cover: 5
Next Rain Occurred On: 09/06/12
Crop Stage At Each Application
A
Crop 1 Code, BBCH Scale: HORVS BCER
Stage Scale Used: BBCH
Stage Majority, Percent: 22
Height, Unit: 22.5
Height Minimum, Maximum: 20 25
Crop coverage (%): 30
23/10/12 (H-12-016-34) Confidential Site Description Page 4 of 5
MTT Agrifood Research Finland
EVALUATION OF SOME HERBICIDE IN SPRING CEREALS
Trial ID:H-12-016-34 Protocol ID:H-12-016-34
Location:Jokioinen Study Director:Sanni Junnila
Project ID: Investigator:Pentti Ruuttunen
Sponsor Contact:
Pest Stage At Each Application
A
Pest 1 Code, Type, Scale: GALSP W BBCH
Stage Minimum, Percent: 14
Stage Maximum, Percent: 22
Height, Unit: 3.5 cm
Height Minimum, Maximum: 1 6
Pest 2 Code, Type, Scale: STEME W BBCH
Stage Minimum, Percent: 14
Stage Maximum, Percent: 22
Height, Unit: 3.5 cm
Height Minimum, Maximum: 1 6
Pest 3 Code, Type, Scale: CHEAL W BBCH
Stage Minimum, Percent: 12
Stage Maximum, Percent: 16
Height, Unit: 5 cm
Height Minimum, Maximum: 2 8
Pest 4 Code, Type, Scale: MATIN W BBCH
Stage Minimum, Percent: 13
Stage Maximum, Percent: 16
Height, Unit: 3 cm
Height Minimum, Maximum: 1 5
Pest 5 Code, Type, Scale: SONAR W BBCH
Stage Minimum, Percent: 13
Stage Maximum, Percent: 18
Height, Unit: 10 cm
Height Minimum, Maximum: 5 15
Pest 6 Code, Type, Scale: CIRAR W
Stage Majority, Percent: 18-32
Stage Minimum, Percent: 18
Stage Maximum, Percent: 32
Height, Unit: 20 cm
Height Minimum, Maximum: 10 30
23/10/12 (H-12-016-34) Confidential Site Description Page 5 of 5
MTT Agrifood Research Finland
EVALUATION OF SOME HERBICIDE IN SPRING CEREALS
Trial ID:H-12-016-34 Protocol ID:H-12-016-34
Location:Jokioinen Study Director:Sanni Junnila
Project ID: Investigator:Pentti Ruuttunen
Sponsor Contact:
Application Equipment
A
Appl. Equipment: Plot sprayer
Equipment Type: SPRAYE
Operation Pressure, Unit: 2.2 bar
Nozzle Type: Hardi4110
Nozzle Size: 12
Nozzle Spacing, Unit: 50 cm
Boom ID: KSU9
Boom Length, Unit: 3 m
Boom Height, Unit: 50 cm
Ground Speed, Unit: 1 MPS
Carrier: WATER
Spray Volume, Unit: 200 L/ha
Mix Size, Unit: 3 Liters
Propellant: COMAIR