MRI for spine surgeons and specialists PDF
Preview MRI for spine surgeons and specialists
MRI Essentials for the Spine Specialist MRI Essentials for the Spine Specialist A. Jay Khanna, MD, MBA Associate Professor Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Division Chief Johns Hopkins Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery–National Capital Region Bethesda, Maryland Thieme New York · Stuttgart · Delhi · Rio de Janeiro Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Ave. New York, NY 10001 Executive Editor: Kay Conerly Managing Editor: Judith Tomat Editorial Assistant: Nikole Connors Senior Vice President, Editorial and Electronic Product Development: Cornelia Schulze Production Editor: Kenneth L. Chumbley International Production Director: Andreas Schabert Vice President, Finance and Accounts: Sarah Vanderbilt President: Brian D. Scanlan Printer: Replika Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data MRI for spine surgeons and specialists / [edited by] A. Jay Khanna. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-60406-877-1 (alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-60406-878-8 (eISBN) I. Khanna, A. Jay., editor of compilation. [DNLM: 1. Spinal Diseases—surgery. 2. Spine—surgery. 3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging—methods. 4. Spine— anatomy & histology. WE 725] RD768 617.5′607548--dc23 2014002562 Copyright © 2014 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Thieme Publishers New York 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA, 1-800-782-3488, customerservice@ thieme.com; Thieme Publishers Stuttgart Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany, +49 [0]711 8931 421, [email protected]; Thieme Publishers Delhi A-12, Second Floor, Sector -2, NOIDA -201301, Uttar Pradesh, India +91 120 45 566 00, [email protected]; Thieme Publishers Rio, Thieme Publicações Ltda. Argentina Building 16th floor, Ala A, 228 Praia do Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 22250-040 Brazil, +55 21 3736-3631 This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation without the publisher’s consent is illegal and liable to prosecu- tion. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, trans- lating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage. Important note: Medical knowledge is ever-changing. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowl- edge, changes in treatment and drug therapy may be required. The authors and editors of the material herein have consulted sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error by the authors, editors, or publisher of the work herein or changes in medical knowledge, neither the authors, editors, nor publisher, nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation of this work, warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of such information. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this publication is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This rec- ommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appear- ance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain. Printed in India 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-1-60406-877-1 Also available as an ebook: eISBN 978-1-60406-878-8 I dedicate this book to the most precious people in my life—my wife, Roma, and our children, Rajan and Priya. v Contents Foreword ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Contributors xv I Initial Considerations 1 Essentials of MRI Physics and Pulse Sequences 3 Shivani Ahlawat, Rick W. Obray, Douglas P. Beall, John D. Reeder, John A. Carrino, and Laura M. Fayad 2 Normal Spine MRI Anatomy 19 Swati Deshmukh, John A. Carrino, J. Dana Dunleavy, and A. Jay Khanna 3 Common Clinical and Correlative Pain Generators of the Cervical and Lumbosacral Spine 45 Josemaria Paterno, Chad M. Silverberg, A. Jay Khanna, and Aneesh K. Singla 4 A Systematic Approach to the Review of Spine MRI Studies 68 A. Jay Khanna II Spine 5 The Occipitocervical Junction 87 Colin M. Haines, A. Jay Khanna, John A. Carrino, Shih-Chun David Lin, and Joseph R. O’Brien 6 The Cervical Spine 111 Lukas P. Zebala, Jacob M. Buchowski, Aditya Daftary, Joseph R. O’Brien, John A. Carrino, and A. Jay Khanna 7 The Lumbar and Thoracic Spine 155 Gbolahan O. Okubadejo, Aditya Daftary, Jacob M. Buchowski, John A. Carrino, and A. Jay Khanna 8 Tumors of the Spine 211 Daniel M. Sciubba, Patricia L. Zadnik, Bruce A. Wasserman, and Ziya L. Gokaslan 9 MRI of the Pediatric Spine 237 A. Jay Khanna, Bruce A. Wasserman, and Paul D. Sponseller III Special Conditions 10 Advanced Techniques in Spine MRI 253 Joseph P. Gjolaj and John A. Carrino vii viii Contents 11 Correlation of MRI with Other Imaging Studies 267 Shivani Ahlawat, Uma Srikumaran, A. Jay Khanna, and Laura M. Fayad 12 MRI Safety Considerations for the Referring Clinician 280 Monica D. Watkins and Bruce A. Wasserman Glossary 289 Index 291
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