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Moving the Maasai A Colonial Misadventure Lotte Hughes 1403_99661X_01_preiv.qxd 1/12/05 6:27 PM Page i St Antony’s Series General Editor: Jan Zielonka(2004–), Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford Recent titles include: Lotte Hughes MOVING THE MAASAI A Colonial Misadventure Fiona Macaulay GENDER POLITICS IN BRAZIL AND CHILE The Role of Parties in National and Local Policymaking Stephen Whitefield (editor) POLITICAL CULTURE AND POST-COMMUNISM José Esteban Castro WATER, POWER AND CITIZENSHIP Social Struggle in the Basin of Mexico Valpy FitzGerald and Rosemary Thorp (editors) ECONOMIC DOCTRINES IN LATIN AMERICA Origins, Embedding and Evolution Victoria D. Alexander and Marilyn Rueschemeyer ART AND THE STATE The Visual Arts in Comparative Perspective Ailish Johnson EUROPEAN WELFARE STATES AND SUPRANATIONAL GOVERNANCE OF SOCIAL POLICY Archie Brown (editor) THE DEMISE OF MARXISM-LENINISM IN RUSSIA Thomas Boghardt SPIES OF THE KAISER German Covert Operations in Great Britain during the First World War Era Ulf Schmidt JUSTICE AT NUREMBERG Leo Alexander and the Nazi Doctors’ Trial Steve Tsang (editor) PEACE AND SECURITY ACROSS THE TAIWAN STRAIT C. W. Braddick JAPAN AND THE SINO-SOVIET ALLIANCE, 1950–1964 In the Shadow of the Monolith Isao Miyaoka LEGITIMACY IN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY Japan’s Reaction to Global Wildlife Preservation 1403_99661X_01_preiv.qxd 1/12/05 6:27 PM Page ii Neil J. Melvin SOVIET POWER AND THE COUNTRYSIDE Policy Innovation and Institutional Decay Julie M. Newton RUSSIA, FRANCE AND THE IDEA OF EUROPE Juhana Aunesluoma BRITAIN, SWEDEN AND THE COLD WAR, 1945–54 Understanding Neutrality George Pagoulatos GREECE’S NEW POLITICAL ECONOMY State, Finance and Growth from Postwar to EMU Tiffany A. Troxel PARLIAMENTARY POWER IN RUSSIA, 1994–2001 A New Era Elvira María Restrepo COLOMBIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN CRISIS Fear and Distrust Ilaria Favretto THE LONG SEARCH FOR A THIRD WAY The British Labour Party and the Italian Left Since 1945 Lawrence Tal POLITICS, THE MILITARY, AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN JORDAN, 1955–1967 Louise Haagh and Camilla Helgø (editors) SOCIAL POLICY REFORM AND MARKET GOVERNANCE IN LATIN AMERICA Gayil Talshir THE POLITICAL IDEOLOGY OF GREEN PARTIES From the Politics of Nature to Redefining the Nature of Politics E. K. Dosmukhamedov FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN Politico-Legal Aspects of Post-Communist Transition St Antony’s Series Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71109–2 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England 1403_99661X_01_preiv.qxd 1/12/05 6:27 PM Page iii Moving the Maasai A Colonial Misadventure Lotte Hughes In association with St Antony’s College, Oxford 1403_99661X_01_preiv.qxd 2/12/05 3:44 PM Page iv © Lotte Hughes 2006 All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90 Tottenham Court Road,London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St.Martin’s Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13:978–1–4039–9661–9 hardback ISBN-10:1–4039–9661–X hardback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hughes,Lotte. Moving the Maasai :a colonial misadventure / Lotte Hughes. p.cm.—(St.Antony’s series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–4039–9661–X 1.Land tenure – Kenya.2.Masai (African people) – Land tenure. 3.Masai (African people) – Claims.4.Kenya – Colonization – History. 5.Great Britain – Colonies – History.I.Title.II.Series. HD983.Z63H84 2006 967.62(cid:1)004965—dc22 2005054653 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd,Chippenham and Eastbourne 1403_99661X_02_prevxx.qxd 1/12/05 6:28 PM Page v I dedicate this book to the Maasai, and to Norman Leys This page intentionally left blank 1403_99661X_02_prevxx.qxd 1/12/05 6:28 PM Page vii Contents Abbreviations and Style ix Glossary of Maasai Words x Acknowledgements xiii Preface xiv Maps xvii Part I The Moves and What Led Up to Them 1 Introduction 3 Outlining the story 5 Approach and timescale 7 Sources: oral 9 Sources: written 11 Maasai social system 13 The place of Maasai in the early ‘colonial’ state 15 Critics of empire: Leys and McGregor Ross 17 Parsaloi Ole Gilisho 21 2 The Moves 23 Land laws and early settlement 25 The options: to mix or isolate 28 Eliot oversteps the mark 30 The first move 33 The Laikipia experience 36 Girouard engineers the second move 38 Key meetings 42 The Leys campaign 45 Death on the Mau? 50 3 In Search of the Truth 56 Maasai accounts 58 Suspension of the move 60 Surveys of the reserve 63 The Cole case 67 Build-up to the Maasai Case 71 Obstruction of the lawsuit 76 Making sense of Leys and his circle 77 Some like to party 84 vii 1403_99661X_02_prevxx.qxd 2/12/05 3:44 PM Page viii viii Contents Part II The Aftermath 4 The Court Case 89 The 1913 case 92 Critiques of the case 100 5 The Ecological Impacts 105 Some analytical challenges 107 ‘Clean’ and ‘dirty’ 108 Comparing the two habitats 110 The Maasai version of events 115 Official views and interventions 118 Veterinary support 120 Human sickness 126 Lewis’s study of ticks 127 Losses by other sections 130 Part III Interpretations 6 Blood Oaths, Boundaries and Brothers 135 Blood-brotherhood in the literature 142 Treaty making 146 What can it mean? 149 Social metaphors 151 7 Highland Games: Settlers and Their Farm Workers 152 Retaking the highlands 157 The returnees 160 Colvile’s escapades 163 The experience of other employees 165 Conclusion 171 Repercussions 174 Resistance and power 176 Blood-brothers and reversed exodus 177 The legal situation today 178 Appendix I List of interviewees 183 Appendix II Chronology of events 1895–1918 186 Notes 188 Bibliography 216 Index 226 1403_99661X_02_prevxx.qxd 1/12/05 6:28 PM Page ix Abbreviations and Style Abbreviations ADC Assistant District Commissioner A/R Annual Report ASAPS Anti-Slavery and Aborigines’ Protection Society BEA British East Africa (also called East Africa Protectorate) BPP bovine pleuro-pneumonia CO Colonial Office DC District Commissioner EAP East Africa Protectorate EAS East Africa Syndicate ECF East Coast fever FO Foreign Office GEA German East Africa IBEAC Imperial British East Africa Company JAH Journal of African History KAR King’s African Rifles KLC Kenya Land Commission KNA Kenya National Archives NLC Native Labour Commission (1912–13) O in C Officer in Charge OUP Oxford University Press PC Provincial Commissioner PRO Public Record Office, Kew, London (now renamed The National Archives) RHO Rhodes House Library, Oxford SI Stock Inspector VO Veterinary Officer Style Maasai is the correct spelling, but Masai will be used when citing records from the colonial era. Kikuyu is used in preference to Gikuyu. In biblio- graphical references and notes, co-publishers will not usually be given. ix

Description:
In Moving the Maasai Lotte Hughes tells the scandalous story of how the Maasai people of Kenya lost the best part of their land to the British in the 1900s. Drawing upon unique oral testimony and extensive archival research, she describes the many intrigues surrounding two enforced moves that cleare
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259 Pages·2006·0.92 MB·English
by  Lotte Hughes
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Moving the Maasai A Colonial Misadventure Lotte Hughes 1403_99661X_01_preiv.qxd 1/12/05 6:27 PM Page i St Antony’s Series General Editor: Jan Zielonka(2004–), Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford Recent titles include: Lotte Hughes MOVING THE MAASAI A Colonial Misadventure Fiona Macaulay GENDER POLITICS IN BRAZIL AND CHILE The Role of Parties in National and Local Policymaking Stephen Whitefield (editor) POLITICAL CULTURE AND POST-COMMUNISM José Esteban Castro WATER, POWER AND CITIZENSHIP Social Struggle in the Basin of Mexico Valpy FitzGerald and Rosemary Thorp (editors) ECONOMIC DOCTRINES IN LATIN AMERICA Origins, Embedding and Evolution Victoria D. Alexander and Marilyn Rueschemeyer ART AND THE STATE The Visual Arts in Comparative Perspective Ailish Johnson EUROPEAN WELFARE STATES AND SUPRANATIONAL GOVERNANCE OF SOCIAL POLICY Archie Brown (editor) THE DEMISE OF MARXISM-LENINISM IN RUSSIA Thomas Boghardt SPIES OF THE KAISER German Covert Operations in Great Britain during the First World War Era Ulf Schmidt JUSTICE AT NUREMBERG Leo Alexander and the Nazi Doctors’ Trial Steve Tsang (editor) PEACE AND SECURITY ACROSS THE TAIWAN STRAIT C. W. Braddick JAPAN AND THE SINO-SOVIET ALLIANCE, 1950–1964 In the Shadow of the Monolith Isao Miyaoka LEGITIMACY IN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY Japan’s Reaction to Global Wildlife Preservation 1403_99661X_01_preiv.qxd 1/12/05 6:27 PM Page ii Neil J. Melvin SOVIET POWER AND THE COUNTRYSIDE Policy Innovation and Institutional Decay Julie M. Newton RUSSIA, FRANCE AND THE IDEA OF EUROPE Juhana Aunesluoma BRITAIN, SWEDEN AND THE COLD WAR, 1945–54 Understanding Neutrality George Pagoulatos GREECE’S NEW POLITICAL ECONOMY State, Finance and Growth from Postwar to EMU Tiffany A. Troxel PARLIAMENTARY POWER IN RUSSIA, 1994–2001 A New Era Elvira María Restrepo COLOMBIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN CRISIS Fear and Distrust Ilaria Favretto THE LONG SEARCH FOR A THIRD WAY The British Labour Party and the Italian Left Since 1945 Lawrence Tal POLITICS, THE MILITARY, AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN JORDAN, 1955–1967 Louise Haagh and Camilla Helgø (editors) SOCIAL POLICY REFORM AND MARKET GOVERNANCE IN LATIN AMERICA Gayil Talshir THE POLITICAL IDEOLOGY OF GREEN PARTIES From the Politics of Nature to Redefining the Nature of Politics E. K. Dosmukhamedov FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN Politico-Legal Aspects of Post-Communist Transition St Antony’s Series Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71109–2 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England 1403_99661X_01_preiv.qxd 1/12/05 6:27 PM Page iii Moving the Maasai A Colonial Misadventure Lotte Hughes In association with St Antony’s College, Oxford 1403_99661X_01_preiv.qxd 2/12/05 3:44 PM Page iv © Lotte Hughes 2006 All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90 Tottenham Court Road,London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St.Martin’s Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13:978–1–4039–9661–9 hardback ISBN-10:1–4039–9661–X hardback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hughes,Lotte. Moving the Maasai :a colonial misadventure / Lotte Hughes. p.cm.—(St.Antony’s series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–4039–9661–X 1.Land tenure – Kenya.2.Masai (African people) – Land tenure. 3.Masai (African people) – Claims.4.Kenya – Colonization – History. 5.Great Britain – Colonies – History.I.Title.II.Series. HD983.Z63H84 2006 967.62(cid:1)004965—dc22 2005054653 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd,Chippenham and Eastbourne 1403_99661X_02_prevxx.qxd 1/12/05 6:28 PM Page v I dedicate this book to the Maasai, and to Norman Leys This page intentionally left blank 1403_99661X_02_prevxx.qxd 1/12/05 6:28 PM Page vii Contents Abbreviations and Style ix Glossary of Maasai Words x Acknowledgements xiii Preface xiv Maps xvii Part I The Moves and What Led Up to Them 1 Introduction 3 Outlining the story 5 Approach and timescale 7 Sources: oral 9 Sources: written 11 Maasai social system 13 The place of Maasai in the early ‘colonial’ state 15 Critics of empire: Leys and McGregor Ross 17 Parsaloi Ole Gilisho 21 2 The Moves 23 Land laws and early settlement 25 The options: to mix or isolate 28 Eliot oversteps the mark 30 The first move 33 The Laikipia experience 36 Girouard engineers the second move 38 Key meetings 42 The Leys campaign 45 Death on the Mau? 50 3 In Search of the Truth 56 Maasai accounts 58 Suspension of the move 60 Surveys of the reserve 63 The Cole case 67 Build-up to the Maasai Case 71 Obstruction of the lawsuit 76 Making sense of Leys and his circle 77 Some like to party 84 vii 1403_99661X_02_prevxx.qxd 2/12/05 3:44 PM Page viii viii Contents Part II The Aftermath 4 The Court Case 89 The 1913 case 92 Critiques of the case 100 5 The Ecological Impacts 105 Some analytical challenges 107 ‘Clean’ and ‘dirty’ 108 Comparing the two habitats 110 The Maasai version of events 115 Official views and interventions 118 Veterinary support 120 Human sickness 126 Lewis’s study of ticks 127 Losses by other sections 130 Part III Interpretations 6 Blood Oaths, Boundaries and Brothers 135 Blood-brotherhood in the literature 142 Treaty making 146 What can it mean? 149 Social metaphors 151 7 Highland Games: Settlers and Their Farm Workers 152 Retaking the highlands 157 The returnees 160 Colvile’s escapades 163 The experience of other employees 165 Conclusion 171 Repercussions 174 Resistance and power 176 Blood-brothers and reversed exodus 177 The legal situation today 178 Appendix I List of interviewees 183 Appendix II Chronology of events 1895–1918 186 Notes 188 Bibliography 216 Index 226 1403_99661X_02_prevxx.qxd 1/12/05 6:28 PM Page ix Abbreviations and Style Abbreviations ADC Assistant District Commissioner A/R Annual Report ASAPS Anti-Slavery and Aborigines’ Protection Society BEA British East Africa (also called East Africa Protectorate) BPP bovine pleuro-pneumonia CO Colonial Office DC District Commissioner EAP East Africa Protectorate EAS East Africa Syndicate ECF East Coast fever FO Foreign Office GEA German East Africa IBEAC Imperial British East Africa Company JAH Journal of African History KAR King’s African Rifles KLC Kenya Land Commission KNA Kenya National Archives NLC Native Labour Commission (1912–13) O in C Officer in Charge OUP Oxford University Press PC Provincial Commissioner PRO Public Record Office, Kew, London (now renamed The National Archives) RHO Rhodes House Library, Oxford SI Stock Inspector VO Veterinary Officer Style Maasai is the correct spelling, but Masai will be used when citing records from the colonial era. Kikuyu is used in preference to Gikuyu. In biblio- graphical references and notes, co-publishers will not usually be given. ix

Description:
In Moving the Maasai Lotte Hughes tells the scandalous story of how the Maasai people of Kenya lost the best part of their land to the British in the 1900s. Drawing upon unique oral testimony and extensive archival research, she describes the many intrigues surrounding two enforced moves that cleare
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